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Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Punjabi

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Daftar di bawah menunjukkan cara (baik dalam aksara Gurmukhi dan Shahmukhi) di mana International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) mewakili pengucapan Punjabi dalam artikel-artikel Wikipedia.

Konsonan
IPAGurmukhiShahmukhiPadanan bahasa Inggris
b بabash
p˦ بھTonal p
[1] دado
˦ [1] دھTonal t̪
ɖ [1] ڈguard
ʈ˦ [1] ڈھTonal ʈ
جhedge
˦ جھTonal tʒ
f ਫ਼فfood
ɡ گagate
˦ گھTonal gʰ
ɦ ہahead
j يyak
k کscan
kʰ کھcan
l لleaf
m مmuch
n نnot
ɳ -burner
ŋ -bank
p پspan
pʰ پھpan
(sering diucapkan [f] dalam Punjabi)
q ਕ਼قa k dalam tenggorokan
(Shamukhi; diucapkan [k] dalam Gurmukhi)
ɾ رUS: better
ɽ ڑUS: larder
ɽʱ ੜ੍ਹڑھas [ɽ] plus h
s سsue
ʃ ਸ਼شshoe
[1] تstable
ʰ [1] تھtable
ʈ [1] ٹart
ʈʰ [1] ٹھart-historian
چcatch
ʰ چھchoose
ʋ[2] وbervariasi antara w dan v
x ਖ਼خBach
(Shahmukhi; biasanya [kʰ] dalam Gurmukhi)
ɣ ਗ਼غseperti bahasa Perancis r
(Shahmukhi; biasanya [ɡ] dalam Gurmukhi). Dekat dengan flap uvular.
z ਜ਼زzen
Vokal
IPAGurmukhiShahmukhiPadanan bahasa Inggris
ɑː ਆ, ਪਾآ, ـاbra
ਏ, ਪੇےantara yell dan Yale
ɛː ਐ, ਪੈyell
ə ਅ, ਪـَnut
[3] ਈ, ਪੀیfeet
ɪ [3] ਇ, ਪਿـِdill
ਓ, ਪੋوold
ɔː ਔ, ਪੌlaw
[3] ਊ, ਪੂloot
ʊ [3] ਉ, ਪੁـُlook
 ̃ ںvokal sengau
([ãː], [õː], dcb.)


Suprasegmental
IPA
ˈ tekanan
(Ditempatkan sebelum penekanan suku kata)
ː konsonan ganda
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ ɖ ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Punjabi speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Punjabi speaker hears English ð/ (the th sounds). Punjabi ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Punjabi speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
  2. [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Punjabi. Some words, such as vart ('ਵਰਤ', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('ਪਕਵਾਨ', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
  3. 1 2 3 4 /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.