Praseodimium: Perbedaan antara revisi

₅₉Pr
Praseodimium
59PrPraseodimium
Sifat umum
Nama, lambang	praseodimium, Pr
Pengucapan	/praséodimium/
Penampilan	grayish white
Praseodimium dalam tabel periodik
	serium ← praseodimium → neodimium
Nomor atom (Z)	59
Golongan	golongan n/a
Periode	periode 6
Blok	blok-f
Kategori unsur	lantanida
Berat atom standar (Ar)	140,90766±0,00001; 140,91±0,01 (diringkas);
Konfigurasi elektron	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Elektron per kelopak	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Sifat fisik
Fase pada STS (0 °C dan 101,325 kPa)	padat
Titik lebur	1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F)
Titik didih	3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F)
Kepadatan mendekati s.k.	6.77 g/cm3
saat cair, pada t.l.	6.50 g/cm3
Kalor peleburan	6.89 kJ/mol
Kalor penguapan	331 kJ/mol
Kapasitas kalor molar	27.20 J/(mol·K)
Sifat atom
Bilangan oksidasi	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (oksida agak basa)
Elektronegativitas	Skala Pauling: 1.13
Energi ionisasi	ke-1: 527 kJ/mol ; ke-2: 1020 kJ/mol ; ke-3: 2086 kJ/mol
Jari-jari atom	empiris: 182 pm
Jari-jari kovalen	203±7 pm
Lain-lain
Kelimpahan alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp)
Kecepatan suara batang ringan	2280 m/s (suhu 20 °C)
Ekspansi kalor	α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Konduktivitas termal	12.5 W/(m·K)
Resistivitas listrik	α, poli: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.)
Arah magnet	paramagnetik
Suseptibilitas magnetik molar	+5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Modulus Young	α form: 37.3 GPa
Modulus Shear	α form: 14.8 GPa
Modulus curah	α form: 28.8 GPa
Rasio Poisson	α form: 0.281
Skala Vickers	250–745 MPa
Skala Brinell	250–640 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-10-0
Sejarah
Penemuan	Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotop praseodimium yang utama
ε	142Ce
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Revisi per 14 Juli 2019 21.23

Praseodimium adalah suatu unsur kimia dalam tabel periodik yang memiliki lambang Pr dan nomor atom 59.

Referensi

^ (Indonesia) "Praseodimium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.
^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
^ Chen, Xin; et al. (13 Desember 2019). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
^ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Artikel bertopik kimia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] (Indonesia) "Praseodimium". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[Cloke1993-3] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[4] Chen, Xin; et al. (13 Desember 2019). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB^3– and PrB^4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.

[jackson-5] Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
+{{Infobox element
-{{Elementbox
 |number=59
 |symbol=Pr
 |name=praseodimium
-|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|r|eɪ|z|i|.|ɵ|ˈ|d|ɪ|m|i|əm}} {{respell|PRAY|zee-o|DIM|ee-əm}} <br> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|r|eɪ|s|i|.|ɵ|ˈ|d|ɪ|m|i|əm}} {{respell|PRAY|see-o|DIM|ee-əm}}
+|pronounce={{IPAc-en|p|r|eɪ|z|iː|ə|ˈ|d|ɪ|m|i|ə|m}}
+|pronounce ref=<ref>{{OED|praseodymium}}</ref>
-|left=[[cerium]]
+|pronounce 2={{respell|pray-zee-ə|DIM|ee-əm}}
-|right=[[neodimium]]
+|abundance=
-|above=-
+|abundance in earth's crust=
-|below=[[protaktinium|Pa]]
+|abundance in oceans=
-|series= lantanida
+|abundance in solar system=
-|period=6
+|left=[[serium]]
-|block=f
+|right=[[neodimium]]
-|image name= Praseodymium.jpg
+|above=–
-|appearance=putih keabuan
+|below=[[protaktinium|Pa]]
-|atomic mass= 140.90765
+|category=lantanida
-|electron configuration= &#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>3</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
+|period=6
-|electrons per shell= 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
+|block=f
-|phase= solid
+|image name=Praseodymium.jpg
-|density gpcm3nrt= 6.77
+|appearance=grayish white
-|density gpcm3mp= 6.50
+|standard atomic weight={{val|140.90766|(2)}}
-|melting point K=1208
+|standard atomic weight ref={{CIAAW2016}}
-|melting point C=935
+|electron configuration= &#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>3</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
-|melting point F=1715
+|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
-|boiling point K=3793
+|phase=padat
-|boiling point C=3520
+|density gpcm3nrt=6.77
-|boiling point F=6368
-|heat fusion= 6.89
+|density gpcm3mp=6.50
+|melting point K=1208
-|heat vaporization= 331
+|melting point C=935
-|heat capacity= 27.20
+|melting point F=1715
-|vapor pressure 1= 1771
+|boiling point K=3403
-|vapor pressure 10= 1973
+|boiling point C=3130
-|vapor pressure 100= (2227)
+|boiling point F=5666
-|vapor pressure 1 k= (2571)
+|heat fusion=6.89
-|vapor pressure 10 k= (3054)
+|heat vaporization=331
-|vapor pressure 100 k= (3779)
+|heat capacity=27.20
-|vapor pressure comment=
+|vapor pressure 1=1771
-|crystal structure= heksagonal
+|vapor pressure 10=1973
-|oxidation states= 4, '''3''', 2 (oksida [[basa]] agak kuat)
+|vapor pressure 100= (2227)
-|electronegativity= 1.13
+|vapor pressure 1 k= (2571)
-|number of ionization energies=3
+|vapor pressure 10 k= (3054)
-|1st ionization energy= 527
+|vapor pressure 100 k= (3779)
-|2nd ionization energy= 1020
+|vapor pressure comment=
-|3rd ionization energy= 2086
+|crystal structure=double hexagonal close packed
-|atomic radius= 182
+|oxidation states=5, 4, '''3''', 2
-|covalent radius= 203±7
+|oxidation states comment=(oksida [[basa]] lemah)
-|magnetic ordering= [[paramagnetik]]<ref name=jackson>M. Jackson "Magnetism of Rare Earth" [http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf The IRM quarterly col. 10, No. 3, p. 1, 2000]</ref>
+|electronegativity=1.13
-|electrical resistivity= ([[suhu ruangan|r.t.]]) (α, poly)<br />0.700 µ
+|number of ionization energies=3
-|thermal conductivity= 12.5
+|ionization energy 1=527
-|thermal expansion= ([[suhu ruangan|r.t.]]) (α, poly) 6.7
+|ionization energy 2=1020
-|speed of sound rod at 20= 2280
+|ionization energy 3=2086
-|Young's modulus= (α form) 37.3
+|atomic radius=182
-|Shear modulus= (α form) 14.8
+|covalent radius=203±7
-|Bulk modulus= (α form) 28.8
+|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetik]]
-|Poisson ratio= (α form) 0.281
+|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=jackson>{{cite journal|author=Jackson, M. |year=2000|title=Magnetism of Rare Earth|url=http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf |journal=The IRM quarterly |volume=10|issue=3|page=1}}</ref>
-|Vickers hardness= 400
+|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
-|Brinell hardness= 481
+|electrical resistivity=α,&nbsp;poli: 0.700
-|CAS number= 7440-10-0
+|electrical resistivity comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
+|thermal conductivity=12.5
+|thermal expansion=α, poly: 6.7
+|thermal expansion comment=(at&nbsp;{{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
+|speed of sound rod at 20=2280
+|magnetic susceptibility= +5010.0·10<sup>−6</sup>
+|magnetic susceptibility ref= &#x20;(293&nbsp;K)<ref>{{Cite book|title=CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|last=Weast|first=Robert|publisher=Chemical Rubber Company Publishing|year=1984|isbn=0-8493-0464-4|location=Boca Raton, Florida|pages=E110|quote=|via=}}</ref>
+|Young's modulus=α&nbsp;form: 37.3
+|Shear modulus=α&nbsp;form: 14.8
+|Bulk modulus=α&nbsp;form: 28.8
+|Poisson ratio=α&nbsp;form: 0.281
+|Vickers hardness=250–745
+|Brinell hardness=250–640
+|CAS number=7440-10-0
 |isotopes=
-{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=141 | sym=Pr | na=100% | n=82}}
+{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=141 | sym=Pr | na=100% | n=82 |firstlinks=yes}}
-{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay2 | mn=142 | sym=Pr
+{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=142 | sym=Pr
- | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=19.12 h
+|na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=19.12&nbsp;h
- | dm1=[[peluruhan beta|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=2.162 | pn1=142 | ps1=[[neodimium|Nd]]
+|dm1=[[beta minus decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=2.162 | link1=neodymium-142 | pn1=142 | ps1=Nd
- | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=0.745 | pn2=142 | ps2=[[serium|Ce]]}}
+|dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=0.745 | link2=cerium-142 | pn2=142 | ps2=Ce}}
-{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=143 | sym=Pr
+{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=143 | sym=Pr
- | na=[[radioisotop sintetik|syn]] | hl=13.57 [[day|d]]
+|na=syn | hl=13.57&nbsp;d
- | dm=[[emisi beta|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.934 | pn=143 | ps=[[neodimium|Nd]]}}
+|dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.934 | link1=neodymium-143 | pn=143 | ps=Nd}}
 |isotopes comment=
+|discovered by=[[Carl Auer von Welsbach]]
-}}
+|discovery date=1885
+|QID=Q1386
+}}<!--
+-->
 {{unsur|Praseodimium|Pr|59}}