Daftar Penguasa Persia
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Daftar penguasa Persia (Iran) di bawah ini disesuaikan dengan zaman Monarki dan dinasti Persia (Iran) hingga menjadi Republik.
Sesuai dengan zaman dan dinasti[sunting | sunting sumber]
Daftar Penguasa Kekaisaran Persia Akhemeniyah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Nama Resmi | Gelar | Berkuasa | Masa Hidup |
---|---|---|---|
Koresh Agung | Syahansyah Persia, Raja Āryāvarta, Raja Anshan, Raja Media, Raja Babel, Raja Sumeria dan Akkadia, Raja Empat Penjuru Dunia |
559 SM – 530 SM | 600 SM – 530 SM |
Kambisus II | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
530 SM – 522 SM | ? - 521 SM |
Bardiya | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
522 SM | ? - 522 SM |
Darius I | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
522 SM – 486 SM | 550 SM – 486 SM |
Ahasyweros I | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
486 SM – 465 SM | 519 SM – 465 SM |
Artahsasta I | 'Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
465 SM – 424 SM | |
Ahasyweros II | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
424 SM | |
Darius II | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
423 SM – 404 SM | |
Artahsasta II | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
404 SM – 358 SM | |
Artaxsaca III | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
358 SM – 338 SM | |
Artahsasta IV | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
338 SM – 336 SM | |
Darius III | Shahanshah Persia Firaun Mesir |
336 SM – 330 SM | |
Artahsasta V | Shahanshah Persia | 330 SM – 329 SM |
Daftar Penguasa Kekaisaran Makedonia (Persia ditaklukan Aleksander Agung)[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Alexander III, Agung 336–323 SM
- Antipatros, Wali Makedonia 334–323 SM
- Philip III Arrhidaeus 323–317 SM dan Alexander IV 323–310 SM[1]
- Perdikas, Wali Kekaisaran Makedonia 323–321 SM[2]
- Antipatros, Wali Kekaisaran Makedonia 321–319 SM
- Polyperchon, Wali Kekaisaran Makedonia 319–317 SM
- Kasandros, Wali Makedonia 317–305 SM
Daftar Penguasa Kekaisaran Seleukia[sunting | sunting sumber]
Raja | Memerintah (SM) |
---|---|
Seleukos I Nikator | Satrap 320–315, 312–305 SM
Raja 305–281 SM |
Antiokhos I Soter | memerintah bersama sejak 291 SM, memerintah sendirian 281–261 SM |
Antiokhos II Theos | 261–246 SM |
Seleukos II Kallinikos | 246–225 SM |
Seleukos III Keraunus (atau Soter) | 225–223 SM |
Antiochus III yang Agung | 223–187 SM |
Seleukos IV Philopator | 187–175 SM |
Antiokhos IV Epiphanes | 175–163 SM |
Antiokhos V Eupator | 163–161 SM |
Demetrius I Soter | 161–150 SM |
Alexander I Balas | 150–145 SM |
Demetrius II Nicator | pemerintahan bersama, 145–139 SM |
Antiochus VI Dionysos (Epiphanes) | 145–142 SM |
Diodotus Tryphon | 142–138 SM |
Antiokhos VII Sidetes (Euergetes) | 139–129 SM |
Daftar Penguasa Kekaisaran Parthia/Arsakid[sunting | sunting sumber]
Potret | Gelar | Nama Resmi | Nama Lahir | Masa Berkuasa | Wafat |
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Dinasti Arsakid (247 SM – 228 M) | |||||
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Raja | Arsak I | Tiridates I atau Arsakes | 247–211 BC | 211 BC |
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Raja | Arsak II | Artabanus I or Arsakes | 211–185 BC[3] | 185 BC |
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Raja | Arsakes III | Phriapatius | 185–170 BC[3] | 170 BC |
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Raja | Arsakes IV | Phraates I | 170–167 BC[4] | 167 BC |
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Shahanshah, Rajadiraja, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene | Arsakes V | Mithridates I | 167[4] –132 BC[5] | 132 BC |
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Shahanshah, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros | Arsakes VI | Phraates II | 132–127 BC[5] | 127 BC |
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King | Arsakes VII | Artabanus II | 127–126 BC[5] | 126 BC |
Shahanshah, Theopator, Philadelphos, Philhellene, Epiphanes | Arsakes VIII | Vologases(?)[5] | 126–122 BC[5] | 122 BC | |
Shahanshah, Shahanshah, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes IX | Artabanus(?)[5] | 122–121 BC | 121 BC | |
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Shahanshah, Raja Agung, Epiphanes, Soter | Arsakes X | Mithridates II | 121[6]–91 BC | 91 BC |
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Shahanshah, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator | Arsakes XI | Gotarzes I | 91–87 BC | 87 BC |
Shahanshah, Theopator, Nicator | Arsakes XII | Artabanus(?)[4] | 91–77? BC | 77? BC | |
Shahanshah, Shahanshah of Kings, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes | Arsakes XIII | Mithridates[5] | 88–67 BC | 67 BC | |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XIV | Orodes I | 80–75 BC | 75 BC |
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Shahanshah, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XV | Sanatruces | 77–70 BC | 70 BC |
Shahanshah, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes | Arsakes XVI[4] | Arsakes(?) or Vardanes(?) or Vonones(?) | 77–66 BC | 66 BC | |
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Shahanshah, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XVII | Phraates III | 70–57 BC | 57 BC |
Shahanshah, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XVIII[4] | ? | 66–63 BC | 63 BC | |
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Shahanshah, Shahanshah of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene | Arsakes XIX | Mithridates III | 65[4] –54 BC | 54 BC |
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Shahanshah, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes | Arsakes XX | Orodes II | 57–38 BC | 38 BC |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXI | Pacorus I | 50–38 BC | 38 BC |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXII | Phraates IV | 38–2 BC | 2 BC |
Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos | Arsakes XXIII | Tiridates II | 30–25 BC | after 23 BC | |
? | Arsakes XXIV | Mithridates[7] | 12–9 BC | ? | |
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Queen of Queens, Thea, Urania | Musa | Musa | 2 BC – 4 CE | 4? CE |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXV | Phraates V | 2 BC – 4 CE | 4 CE |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXVI | Orodes III | 4–6 | 6 |
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Shahanshah, Rajadiraja, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus, Raja Armenia | Arsakes XXVII | Vonones I | 8–12 | 19 |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXVIII | Artabanus III | 10–40 | 40 |
? | Arsakes XXIX | Tiridates III | 35–36 | ? | |
? | Arsakes XXX | Cinnamus | 37 | ? | |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXI | Gotarzes II | 40–51 | 51 |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXII | Vardanes I | 40–46 | 46 |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXIII | Vonones II | ca. 45–51 | 51 |
? | Arsakes XXXIV | Mithridates[8] | 49–50 | ? | |
Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, | Arsakes XXXV | Vologases I | 51–77 | 77 | |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXVI | Vardanes II | 55–58 | ? |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXVII | Vologases II | 77–89/90 | ? |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXVIII | Pacorus II | 77–115 | 115 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XXXIX | Artabanus IV | 80–81 | ? |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XL | Osroes I | 89/90–130 | 130 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Raja Armenia | Arsakes XLI | Vologases III | 105–148 | 148 |
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Shahanshah, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLII | Parthamaspates | 116–117 | after 123 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLIII | Mithridates IV | ca. 130 – ca. 145 | ca. 145 |
Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLIV[9] | ? | ca. 140 – ca. 140 | ca. 140 | |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLV | Vologases IV | 148–191 | 191 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLVI | Vologases V | 191–208 | 208 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLVII | Osroes II | ca. 190 – ca. 195 | ? |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLVIII | Vologases VI | 208–228 | 228 |
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Shahanshah, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsakes XLIX | Artabanus V | 213–226 | 226 |
Raja, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Raja Armenia | Arsakes L | Tiridates IV[10] | 217–222 | ? |
Penguasa terakhir Parthia digulingkan oleh Ardashir dari Sasaniyah.
Daftar Penguasa Kekaisaran Iran Sasaniyah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Potret | Gelar | Nama Resmi | Nama Lahir | Lahir | Berkuasa | Mati |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wangsa Sasan | ||||||
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Shahanshah[11] | Ardashir I | – | 180 | 28 April 224 – February 242 | February 242 |
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Shahanshah | Shapur I | – | 215 | 12 April 240 – May 270 | May 270 |
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Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah[12] | Hormizd I | Hormozd-Ardashir | ? | May 270 – June 271 | June 271 |
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Shahanshah, Gilanshah | Bahram I | – | ? | June 271 – September 274 | September 274 |
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Shahanshah | Bahram II | – | ? | September 274 – 293 | 293 |
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Shahanshah, Sakanshah | Bahram III | – | ? | 293 | 293 |
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Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah | Narseh I | – | ? | 293–302 | 302 |
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Shahanshah | Hormizd II | – | ? | 302–309 | 309 |
Shahanshah | Adhur Narseh | – | ? | 309 | 309 | |
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Shahanshah, Dhū al-aktāf[13] | Shapur II | – | 309 | 309–379 | 379 |
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Shahanshah | Ardashir II | – | 309/310 | 379–383 | 383 |
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Shahanshah | Shapur III | – | ? | 383 – December 388 | December 388 |
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Shahanshah, Kirmanshah | Bahram IV | – | ? | December 388 – 399 | 399 |
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Shahanshah | Yazdegerd I | – | 363 | 399 – 21 January 420 | 21 January 420 |
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Shahanshah | Bahram V | – | 406 | 21 January 420 – 20 June 438 | 20 June 438 |
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Shahanshah | Yazdegerd II | – | ? | 20 June 438 – 15 December 457 | 15 December 457 |
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Shahanshah | Hormizd III | – | 399 | 457–459 | 459 |
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Shahanshah | Peroz I | – | 459 | 457 – January 484 | January 484 |
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Shahanshah | Balash | – | ? | February 484 – 488 | 488 |
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Shahanshah | Kavadh I | – | 449 | 488–496 | 13 September 531 |
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Shahanshah | Djamasp | – | ? | 496–498 | 502 |
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Shahanshah | Kavadh I | – | 449 | 498 – 13 September 531 | 13 September 531 |
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Shahanshah, Anusyirwan yang Adil | Khosrau I | – | 500 | 13 September 531 – 31 January 579 | 31 January 579 |
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Shahanshah | Hormizd IV | – | 540 | 31 January 579 – 5 September 590 | 5 September 590 |
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Shahanshah, Aparviz | Khosrau II | – | 570 | September 590 – September 590 | February 28, 628 |
Wangsa Mihran | ||||||
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Shahanshah, Chubineh | Bahram VI | Mehrbandak | ? | September – 590 January 591 | 591 |
Wangsa Sasan | ||||||
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Shahanshah, Aparviz | Khosrau II | – | 570 | January 591 – 25 February 628 | February 28, 628 |
Wangsa Ispahbudhan | ||||||
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Shahanshah | Vistahm | – | ? | 591 – 596 or 600 | 596 or 600 |
Wangsa Sasan | ||||||
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Shahanshah | Kavadh II | Shiruyah | ? | 25 February 628 – 15 September 628 | 15 September 628 |
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Shahanshah | Ardashir III | – | 621 | 15 September 628 – 27 April 629 | 27 April 629 |
Wangsa Mihran | ||||||
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Shahanshah, Shahrvaraz | Shahrbaraz | – | ? | 27 April 629 – 17 June 629 | 17 June 629 |
Wangsa Sasan | ||||||
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Shahanshah | Khosrau III | – | ? | 630 | 630 |
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Shahbanu[14] | Borandukht | – | 590 | 17 June 629 – 16 June 630 (First reign)
631 – 632 (Second reign) |
632 |
Shahanshah | Shapur-i Shahrvaraz | – | ? | 630 | ? | |
Shahanshah | Peroz II | Gushnasp-Bandeh | ? | 630 | 630 | |
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Shahbanu | Azarmidokht | – | ? | 630–631 | 631 |
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Shahanshah | Khosrau IV | Khurrazadh | ? | 631 | 631 |
Wangsa Ispahbudhan | ||||||
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Shahanshah | Farrokh Hormizd | – | ? | 630–631 | 631 |
Wangsa Sasan | ||||||
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Shahanshah | Hormizd VI | – | ? | 630–631 | 631 |
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Shahanshah | Yazdegerd III | – | 624 | 16 June 632–651 | 651 |
Iran Persia dibawah Kekhalifahan Islam[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kekhalifahan Rasyidin[sunting | sunting sumber]
Nama Berkuasa |
Gelar | Rentang usia | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|
ʿUmar bin Khattab عمر بن الخطاب 23 Agustus 634 (13 H) – 3 November 644 (23 H) (10 tahun, 73 hari) |
Khalifah, Amirul Mukminin | 584 – 3 November 644 |
Kekaisaran Sasaniyah berhasil ditaklukan pada tahun 644 M |
'Utsman bin 'Affan عثمان بن عفان 11 November 644 (23 H) – 20 Juni 656 (35 H) (11 tahun, 223 hari) |
Khalifah, Amirul Mukminin | 579 – 20 Juni 656 |
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'Ali bin Abi Thalib علي بن أبي طالب 20 Juni 656 (35 H) – 29 Januari 661 (40 H) (4 tahun, 224 hari) |
Khalifah, Amirul Mukminin | 15 September 601 – 29 Januari 661 |
Daftar Penguasa Dinasti Safawiyah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Gambar | Nama Resmi | Gelar | Masa Hidup | Masa Kekuasaan | Agama |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Ismail I | Sultan, Shahanshah, Khan Kagan-i Suleyman shan |
1487-1524 | 1502-1524 | Islam Syiah |
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Tahmasp I | Shahanshah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Sultan bar Salatin, Kagan-i Suleyman shan |
1514-1576 | 1525-1576 | Islam Syiah |
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Ismail II | Shahanshah, Khan | 1537-1577 | 1576-1577 | Islam Sunni |
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Mohammad I | Shahanshah, Sultan | 1532-1596 | 1577-1587 | Islam Syiah |
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Abbas I Yang Agung | Shahanshah, Sultan | 1571-1629 | 1587-1629 | Islam Syiah |
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Safi | Shahanshah | 1611-1642 | 1629-1642 | Islam Syiah |
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Abbas II | Shahanshah | 1632-1666 | 1642-1666 | Islam Syiah |
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Suleiman I | Shahanshah | 1645-1694 | 1666-1694 | Islam Syiah |
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Sultan Husayn | Shahanshah, Sultan | 1668-1726 | 1694-1722 | Islam Syiah |
Pemberontakan Dinasti Hotak dari Afganistan | |||||
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Mahmud Hotak | Shah Iran, Emir Afghanistan | 1722-1725 | 1697-1725 | Islam Sunni |
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Ashraf Hotak | Shah Iran, Emir Afghanistan | 1725-1729 | ?-1730 | Islam Sunni |
Restorasi Safawi | |||||
Tahmasp II | Shah | 1704-1740 | 1729–1732 | Islam Syiah | |
Abbas III | Shah | 1732-1740 | 1732–1736 | Islam Syiah |
Daftar Penguasa Dinasti Qajar[sunting | sunting sumber]
Nama | Gelar | Masa Hidup | Mulai berkuasa | Akhir Berkuasa | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() |
Mohammad Khan Qajar | Khan[15] Shah[15] |
1742–1797 | Maret 1796[16] | 17 June 1797 |
2 | ![]() |
Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar | Shahanshah[15] Khaqan[15] |
1772–1834 | 17 June 1797 | 23 October 1834 |
3 | ![]() |
Mohammad Shah Qajar | Khaqan putra Khaqan[15] | 1808–1848 | 23 October 1834 | 5 September 1848 |
4 | ![]() |
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | Zell'ollah (Bayangan Allah[di Bumi])[15] Qebleh-ye 'ālam (Poros semesta)[15] Islampanah (Pelindung Islam)[15] |
1831–1896 | 5 September 1848 | 1 May 1896 |
5 | ![]() |
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | Shahanshah | 1853–1907 | 1 May 1896 | 3 January 1907 |
6 | ![]() |
Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | Shahanshah | 1872–1925 | 3 January 1907 | 16 July 1909 |
7 | ![]() |
Ahmad Shah Qajar | Shahanshah, Sultan | 1898–1930 | 16 July 1909 | 31 October 1925 |
Daftar Penguasa Dinasti Pahlavi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Potret | Gelar | Nama Resmi | Nama Personal | Lahir | Berkuasa | Kematian | Hubungan keluarga | Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinasti Pahlavi (1925–1979) | ||||||||
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Shahanshah | Reza Shah | Reza Khan (kemudian Pahlavi) | 15 Maret 1878 | 15 Desember 1925 – 16 September 1941 | 26 Juli 1944 | anak dari Abbas Ali | dilengserkan selama Invasi Inggris-Soviet ke Iran |
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Shahanshah Ariamehr | Mohammad Reza Shah | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | 26 Oktober 1919 | 16 September 1941 – 11 Februari 1979 | 27 Juli 1980 | anak dari Reza Shah | digulingkan dalam Revolusi Iran |
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ As part of the compromise in Babylon after Alexander the Great’s death, it was agreed that Philip would be joint king with Roxanne’s unborn child, should it prove to be male. Hence Philip was sole king for several months until Alexander IV was born, and Alexander too was sole king from Philip’s murder in 317 BC to his own death. Neither had any effective power during this period; Philip was mentally infirm and Alexander was under age.
- ^ Perdiccas (And his immediate Regency successors) did not take the title of Regent, (Epitropos) but instead styled himself 'Manager' (Epimelêtês), however his position was that of Regent in all but name.
- ^ a b Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ^ a b c d e f g Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 BC" Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 BC"
- ^ Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
- ^ See: Unknown King (III) (ca. AD 140)
- ^ See: Tiridates III (ca. AD 224 – 228?)
- ^ In Persian it means "King of Kings"
- ^ "The great king of Armenians"
- ^ "The penetrator of the shoulders"
- ^ "Queen"
- ^ a b c d e f g h Amanat, Abbas (1997), Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896, Comparative studies on Muslim societies, I. B. Tauris, hlm. 10, ISBN 9781860640971
- ^ Perry, J. R. (1984). "ĀḠĀ MOḤAMMAD KHAN QĀJĀR". Dalam Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica. I/6. hlm. 602–605.
in Ramażān, 1210/ March, 1796, he was officially crowned shah of Iran.