Friedrich Nietzsche: Perbedaan antara revisi

Sunting pranala
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Toonyf (bicara | kontrib)
2.697 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Toonyf (bicara | kontrib)
2.697 suntingan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Baris 1: Baris 1:
{{Infobox philosopher
{{Infobox philosopher
| region = [[Western philosophy]]
| region = [[Filsafat barat]]
| era = [[19th-century philosophy]]
| era = [[Filsafat abad ke-19]]
| image =Nietzsche187a.jpg
| image =Nietzsche187a.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| image_size = 225px
Baris 7: Baris 7:
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche}}
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Röcken]]-bei-[[Lützen]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
| birth_place = [[Röcken]]-bei-[[Lützen]], [[Kerajaan Prusia]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1900|08|25|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1900|08|25|1844|10|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Weimar]], [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxony]], [[German Empire]]
| death_place = [[Weimar]], [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Saxony]], [[Kekaisaran Jerman]]
| residence = Germany
| residence = Jerman
| nationality = [[Germans|German]]
| nationality = [[Jerman]]
| school_tradition = [[Weimar classicism]]<!--The following superfluous here?: <br/><small>(precursor to [[continental philosophy]], [[existentialism]], [[postmodernism]], [[post-structuralism]])</small>-->
| school_tradition = [[Weimar classicism]]<!--The following superfluous here?: <br/><small>(precursor to [[continental philosophy]], [[existentialism]], [[postmodernism]], [[post-structuralism]])</small>-->
| main_interests = {{nowrap|[[Aesthetics]]{{·}}[[Ethics]]<br/>[[Metaphysics]]{{·}}[[Nihilism]]<br/> [[Psychology]]{{·}}[[Ontology]]<br/> [[Poetry]]{{·}}[[Value theory]]<br/>[[Voluntarism (metaphysics)|Voluntarism]]{{·}}[[Tragedy]] <br/> [[Fact–value distinction]]<br/>[[Anti-foundationalism]]<br/> [[Philosophy of history]]}}
| main_interests = {{nowrap|[[Estetika]]{{·}}[[Etnis]]<br/>[[Metafisika]]{{·}}[[Nihilisme]]<br/> [[Psikologi]]{{·}}[[Ontologi]]<br/> [[Puisi]]{{·}}[[Value theory]]<br/>[[Voluntarisme]]{{·}}[[Tragedi]] <br/> [[Fact–value distinction]]<br/>[[Anti-foundationalism]]<br/> [[Philosophy of history]]}}
| notable_ideas = {{nowrap|[[Apollonian and Dionysian]] <br/> ''[[Übermensch]]'' {{·}}[[Ressentiment]] <br/> "[[Will to power]]" {{·}} "[[God is dead]]" <br/> [[Eternal recurrence]] {{·}}''[[Amor fati]]'' <br/> [[Herd behavior#Herd behavior in human societies|Herd instinct]] {{·}} [[Tschandala]] <br/> "[[Last Man]]" {{·}} [[Perspectivism]] <br/> [[Master–slave morality]] <br/> [[Transvaluation of values]] <br/> [[Nietzschean affirmation]]}}
| notable_ideas = {{nowrap|[[Apollonian and Dionysian]] <br/> ''[[Übermensch]]'' {{·}}[[Ressentiment]] <br/> "[[Will to power]]" {{·}} "[[Tuhan sudah mati]]" <br/> [[Eternal recurrence]] {{·}}''[[Amor fati]]'' <br/> [[Herd behavior#Herd behavior in human societies|Herd instinct]] {{·}} [[Tschandala]] <br/> "[[Last Man]]" {{·}} [[Perspectivism]] <br/> [[Master–slave morality]] <br/> [[Transvaluation of values]] <br/> [[Nietzschean affirmation]]}}
| institutions =
| institutions =
| influences = [[Aristotle]]{{·}}[[Ruđer Bošković|Boscovich]]{{·}}[[Paul Bourget|Bourget]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fewster |first=J. C. |title=Au Service de l'ordre: Paul Bourget and the Critical Response to Decadence in Austria and Germany |journal=Comparative Literature Studies |year=1992 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=259–275 |jstor=40246837}}</ref>{{·}}[[Jacob Burckhardt|Burckhardt]]{{·}}[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]]{{·}}[[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]]{{·}}[[Empedocles]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yjaEkWbwBm0C&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=Empedocles+Nietzsche&source=bl&ots=KpZ-VE0fqc&sig=8_7m586Y439h0sFG3_e8enqGRKc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5JtAT93QBMyKswaSk_3pBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Empedocles%20Nietzsche&f=false |title=The pre-Platonic philosophers}}</ref>{{·}}[[Epicurus]]{{·}}[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]{{·}}[[Jean-Marie Guyau|Guyau]]{{·}}[[G. W. F. Hegel|Hegel]]{{·}}[[Heinrich Heine|Heine]]{{·}}[[Parmenides]]{{·}}[[Heraclitus]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]]{{·}}[[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Albert Lange|Lange]]{{·}}[[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]]{{·}}[[François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)|La Rochefoucauld]]{{·}}[[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg|Lichtenberg]]{{·}}[[Montaigne]]{{·}}[[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]{{·}}[[Plato]]{{·}}[[Paul Rée|Rée]]{{·}}[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]]{{·}}[[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]]{{·}}[[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]{{·}}[[Socrates]]{{·}}[[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]{{·}}[[African Spir|Spir]]{{·}}[[Stendhal]]{{·}}[[Adalbert Stifter|Stifter]]<ref name="Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard 2004. p. 323">Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard, "Nietzsche's Aesthetic Solution to the Problem of Epigonism in the Nineteenth Century", ed. Paul Bishop, ''Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition'', Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2004. p. 323</ref>{{·}}[[Hippolyte Taine|Taine]]{{·}}[[Voltaire]]{{·}}[[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]{{·}}[[Johann Joachim Winckelmann|Winckelmann]]
| influences = [[Aristotle]]{{·}}[[Ruđer Bošković|Boscovich]]{{·}}[[Paul Bourget|Bourget]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fewster |first=J. C. |title=Au Service de l'ordre: Paul Bourget and the Critical Response to Decadence in Austria and Germany |journal=Comparative Literature Studies |year=1992 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=259–275 |jstor=40246837}}</ref>{{·}}[[Jacob Burckhardt|Burckhardt]]{{·}}[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky|Dostoyevsky]]{{·}}[[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]]{{·}}[[Empedocles]]<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yjaEkWbwBm0C&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=Empedocles+Nietzsche&source=bl&ots=KpZ-VE0fqc&sig=8_7m586Y439h0sFG3_e8enqGRKc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5JtAT93QBMyKswaSk_3pBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Empedocles%20Nietzsche&f=false |title=The pre-Platonic philosophers}}</ref>{{·}}[[Epicurus]]{{·}}[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]{{·}}[[Jean-Marie Guyau|Guyau]]{{·}}[[G. W. F. Hegel|Hegel]]{{·}}[[Heinrich Heine|Heine]]{{·}}[[Parmenides]]{{·}}[[Heraclitus]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Hölderlin|Hölderlin]]{{·}}[[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Albert Lange|Lange]]{{·}}[[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]]{{·}}[[François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)|La Rochefoucauld]]{{·}}[[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg|Lichtenberg]]{{·}}[[Montaigne]]{{·}}[[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]{{·}}[[Plato]]{{·}}[[Paul Rée|Rée]]{{·}}[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]]{{·}}[[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]]{{·}}[[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]{{·}}[[Socrates]]{{·}}[[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]{{·}}[[African Spir|Spir]]{{·}}[[Stendhal]]{{·}}[[Adalbert Stifter|Stifter]]<ref name="Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard 2004. p. 323">Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard, "Nietzsche's Aesthetic Solution to the Problem of Epigonism in the Nineteenth Century", ed. Paul Bishop, ''Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition'', Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2004. p. 323</ref>{{·}}[[Hippolyte Taine|Taine]]{{·}}[[Voltaire]]{{·}}[[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]{{·}}[[Johann Joachim Winckelmann|Winckelmann]]
Baris 52: Baris 52:


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|20em}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==

Revisi per 22 Februari 2014 11.33

Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche di Basel, 1875.
LahirFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
(1844-10-15)15 Oktober 1844
Röcken-bei-Lützen, Kerajaan Prusia
Meninggal25 Agustus 1900(1900-08-25) (umur 55)
Weimar, Saxony, Kekaisaran Jerman
Tempat tinggalJerman
KebangsaanJerman
EraFilsafat abad ke-19
KawasanFilsafat barat
AliranWeimar classicism
Minat utama
Estetika · Etnis
Metafisika · Nihilisme
Psikologi · Ontologi
Puisi · Value theory
Voluntarisme · Tragedi
Fact–value distinction
Anti-foundationalism
Philosophy of history
Gagasan penting
Apollonian and Dionysian
Übermensch  · Ressentiment
"Will to power"  · "Tuhan sudah mati"
Eternal recurrence  · Amor fati
Herd instinct  · Tschandala
"Last Man"  · Perspectivism
Master–slave morality
Transvaluation of values
Nietzschean affirmation
Dipengaruhi
Memengaruhi
Tanda tangan

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 Oktober 1844 – 25 Agustus 1900) adalah seorang filsuf Jerman dan seorang ahli ilmu filologi yang meneliti teks-teks kuno.[42] Ia merupakan salah seorang tokoh pertama dari eksistensialisme modern yang ateistis.[43]

Kehidupan

Nietzsche dilahirkan di kota Röcken, di wilayah Sachsen.[42] Orang tuanya adalah pendeta Lutheran Carl Ludwig Nietzsche (1813-1849) dan istrinya Franziska, dengan nama lajang Oehler (1826-1897).[42] Ia diberi nama untuk menghormati kaisar Prusia Friedrich Wilhelm IV yang memiliki tanggal lahir yang sama. Adik perempuannya Elisabeth dilahirkan pada 1846. Setelah kematian ayahnya pada 1849 dan adik laki-lakinya Ludwig Joseph (1848-1850), keluarga ini pindah ke Naumburg dekat Saale.

Filosofi

Filsafat Nietzsche adalah filsafat cara memandang 'kebenaran' atau dikenal dengan istilah filsafat perspektivisme.[42] Nietzsche juga dikenal sebagai "sang pembunuh Tuhan" (dalam Also sprach Zarathustra).[42] Ia memprovokasi dan mengkritik kebudayaan Barat di zaman-nya (dengan peninjauan ulang semua nilai dan tradisi atau Umwertung aller Werten) yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran Plato dan tradisi kekristenan (keduanya mengacu kepada paradigma kehidupan setelah kematian, sehingga menurutnya anti dan pesimis terhadap kehidupan). Walaupun demikian dengan kematian Tuhan berikut paradigma kehidupan setelah kematian tersebut, filosofi Nietzsche tidak menjadi sebuah filosofi nihilisme. Justru sebaliknya yaitu sebuah filosofi untuk menaklukan nihilisme1 (Überwindung der Nihilismus) dengan mencintai utuh kehidupan (Lebensbejahung), dan memposisikan manusia sebagai manusia purna Übermensch dengan kehendak untuk berkuasa (der Wille zur Macht).

Selain itu Nietzsche dikenal sebagai filsuf seniman (Künstlerphilosoph) dan banyak mengilhami pelukis modern Eropa di awal abad ke-20, seperti Franz Marc, Francis Bacon,dan Giorgio de Chirico, juga para penulis seperti Robert Musil, dan Thomas Mann. Menurut Nietzsche kegiatan seni adalah kegiatan metafisik yang memiliki kemampuan untuk me-transformasi-kan tragedi hidup.

Karya

Karya-karya Nietszche yang terpenting adalah:

  • 1872: Die Geburt der Tragödie (Kelahiran tragedi)
  • 1873—1876: Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen (Pandangan non-kontemporer)
  • 1878—1880: Menschliches, Allzumenschliches (Manusiawi, terlalu manusiawi)
  • 1881: Morgenröthe (Merahnya pagi)
  • 1882: Die fröhliche Wissenschaft (Ilmu yang gembira)
  • 1883—1885: Also sprach Zarathustra (Maka berbicaralah Zarathustra)
  • 1886: Jenseits von Gut und Böse (Melampaui kebajikan dan kejahatan)
  • 1887: Zur Genealogie der Moral (Mengenai silsilah moral)
  • 1888: Der Fall Wagner (Hal perihal Wagner)
  • 1889: Götzen-Dämmerung (Menutupi berhala)
  • 1889: Der Antichrist (Sang Antikristus)
  • 1889: Ecce Homo (Lihat sang Manusia)
  • 1889: Dionysos-Dithyramben
  • 1889: Nietzsche contra Wagner

Catatan

  • Catatan 1: Nihilisme di sini juga dipahami sebagai 'kedatangan kekal yang sama (atau dalam terminologi Nietzsche: 'die Ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen') yang merupakan siklus berulang-ulang dalam kehidupan tanpa makna berarti di baliknya seperti datang dan perginya kegembiraan, duka, harapan, kenikmatan, kesakitan, ke-khilafan, dan seterusnya.Selain Nihilisme, Nietzsche juga mengulas mengenai Vitalitas, dan anti establist.

Referensi

  1. ^ Fewster, J. C. (1992). "Au Service de l'ordre: Paul Bourget and the Critical Response to Decadence in Austria and Germany". Comparative Literature Studies. 29 (3): 259–275. JSTOR 40246837. 
  2. ^ The pre-Platonic philosophers. 
  3. ^ Meyer-Sickendiek, Burkhard, "Nietzsche's Aesthetic Solution to the Problem of Epigonism in the Nineteenth Century", ed. Paul Bishop, Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and Response to the Classical Tradition, Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2004. p. 323
  4. ^ "The Anarchism of Émile Armand". The Anarchist Library. 
  5. ^ The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche. Cambridge University Press. 1996. hlm. 129. 
  6. ^ Nietzsche and Soviet Culture: Ally and Adversary. 
  7. ^ Pio Baroja. 
  8. ^ Pawlett, William. Jean Baudrillard: against banality. 
  9. ^ "Berdyczewsky, Micah Joseph". Jewish Encyclopædia. 
  10. ^ Kaufmann 1974, hlm. 412.
  11. ^ "Towards a Genealogical Feminism: A Reading of Judith Butler's Political Thought". Palgrave Journals. 4 (1). 
  12. ^ Aschheim, Steven E (1992). The Nietzsche legacy in Germany, 1890–1990. University of California Press mr Neil at sarinna teacher. hlm. 56. 
  13. ^ Hawkins, Mike (2000). "The foundations of fascism: The world views of Drieu la Rochelle". Journal of Political Ideologies. 5 (3): 321–41. 
  14. ^ Reevaluating Postcolonial Theory in Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet, CA: University of Alberta 
  15. ^ John, Worthen. D.H. Lawrence: The Early Years, 1885–1912. 
  16. ^ Robert, Montgomery. The Visionary D. H. Lawrence: Beyond Philosophy and Art. 
  17. ^ Sheridan, Alan. André Gide: a life in the present. 
  18. ^ "Kahlil Gibran". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 
  19. ^ The Nietzsche legacy in Germany, 1890–1990. 
  20. ^ Troubling legacies: migration, modernism and fascism in the case of Knut Hamsun. 
  21. ^ Jünger, Ernst (2011), "The Figure of The Worker Between the Gods & the Titans - Part 2 Alain de Benoist", Counter Currents (4) 
  22. ^ Kaufmann 1974, hlm. 214–15.
  23. ^ The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama. 1.  Also, one of Krleža's first works was called Zarathustra and young man.
  24. ^ Morality and the literary imagination. 
  25. ^ The Philosophy of Jack London, Sonoma [pranala nonaktif]
  26. ^ Pusey, James Reeve. Lu Xun and evolution. 
  27. ^ MahlerandNietzsche. [pranala nonaktif]
  28. ^ Witt, Mary Ann Frese (2001). The search for modern tragedy: aesthetic fascism in Italy and France. Cornell University Press. hlm. 139–41. 
  29. ^ Understanding Robert Musil. 
  30. ^ Starrs, Roy. Deadly dialectics: sex, violence, and nihilism in the world of Yukio Mishima. 
  31. ^ Nietzsche and Soviet Culture: Ally and Adversary. 
  32. ^ Törnqvist, Egil. Eugene O'Neill: a playwright's theatre. 
  33. ^ The Poets' Jesus: Representations at the End of a Millennium. 
  34. ^ The Importance of Nietzsche: Ten Essays. 
  35. ^ Golomb, Jacob; Santaniello, Weaver; Lehrer, Ronald. Nietzsche and depth psychology. 
  36. ^ Robert, Aldrich. Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History. 
  37. ^ Schneck, Stephen Frederick. Person and polis: Max Scheler's personalism as political theory. 
  38. ^ Solms-Laubach, Franz; Solms-Laubach, Franz. Nietzsche and early German and Austrian sociology. 
  39. ^ Douglas, Allen (1992). From fascism to libertarian communism: Georges Valois against the Third Republic. University of California Press. hlm. 14–15. 
  40. ^ Robert Anton Wilson talks about Alfred Korzybski, Friedrich Nietzsche,... 
  41. ^ Golomb 1997.
  42. ^ a b c d e Bryan Magee. 2008. The Story of Philosophy. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Hlm 172-179.
  43. ^ P. A. van der Weij. 1991. Filsuf-filsuf Besar tentang Manusia. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm. 125-132.

Pranala luar

Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: Friedrich Nietzsche.


Templat:Link FA Templat:Link FA Templat:Link GA Templat:Link GA Templat:Link GA Templat:Link FA

Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Nietzsche&oldid=7676324"