Pengepungan Tobruk

Pengepungan Tobruk
Bagian dari Kampanye Gurun Barat di Pertempuran Mediterania
Tentara dari pasukan Sekutu yang menang: Polandia, Britania Raya, India, Australia, dan Cekoslowakia
Tanggal 10 April – 27 November 1941 (7 bulan, 2 minggu, 3 hari) Lokasi Tobruk, Libya 32°04′34″N 23°57′41″E Hasil Kemenangan Sekutu
Pihak terlibat
Australia Britania Raya India Selandia Baru Pasukan Arab Libya Polandia Cekoslowakia	Jerman Italia
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Leslie Morshead (Apr.–Sep. 1941) Ronald Scobie (Sep.–Nov. 1941)	Erwin Rommel Gastone Gambara
Kekuatan
27.000	35.000
Korban
5.989	12.296 74–150 pesawat

150km
100miles

Pelabuhan Tobruk.

'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000011-QINU`"'  

Lokasi Tobruk di pantai utara Libya.

Pengepungan Tobruk (/təˈbrʊk, toʊ-/) terjadi antara 10 April dan 27 November 1941, selama kampanye Gurun Barat (1940–1943) dalam Perang Dunia II. Pasukan Sekutu, yang sebagian besar terdiri dari Divisi ke-9 Australia, yang dikomandani oleh Letnan Jenderal Leslie Morshead, dikepung di pelabuhan Tobruk di Afrika Utara oleh pasukan Jerman dan Italia. Para pejuang yang gigih itu dengan cepat dikenal sebagai Tikus Tobruk. Setelah 231 hari, mereka akhirnya dibebaskan oleh Angkatan Darat Kedelapan Britania Raya.

Referensi

Buku

• Chappell, M. (1996). Army Commandos 1940–1945. Elite Series. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-579-9. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Creveld, M. van (1977). Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29793-1. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Dominioni, P. C.; Izzo, G. (1967). Takfír: Cronaca dell'ultima Battaglia di Alamein. Testimonianze fra cronaca e storia (dalam bahasa Italian). Milano: Ugo Mursia Editore. OCLC 163936563. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Greene, J.; Massignani, A. (1994). Rommel's North Africa Campaign: September 1940 – November 1942. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books. ISBN 0-58519-391-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Harrison, F. (1999) [1996]. Tobruk: The Great Siege Reassessed. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-986-0.
• La Prima controffensiva italo-tedesca in Africa settentrionale: (15 febbraio – 18 novembre 1941). Ufficio storico (dalam bahasa Italian). Roma: Ministero della difesa, Stato maggiore dell'Esercito. 1974. OCLC 13007244. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
• Lewin, R. (1998) [1968]. Rommel As Military Commander. New York: B&N Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-0861-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• von Luck, H. (1989). Panzer Commander: The Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck. New York: Dell (Random House). ISBN 0-440-20802-5.
• Maughan, B. (1966). Tobruk and El Alamein. Australia in the War of 1939–1945 Series 1 (Army). Vol. III. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 954993. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• McDonald, N. (2004). Chester Wilmot Reports. Sydney: ABC Books. ISBN 0-7333-1441-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Mounbatten, L. (2007). Combined Operations: The Official Story of the Commandos. Read Books. ISBN 1-4067-5957-0.
• Murphy, W. E. (1961). Fairbrother, M. C. (ed.). The Relief of Tobruk. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. OCLC 846906679. Diakses tanggal 18 March 2015. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Neillands, R. (2004). Eighth Army: From the Western Desert to the Alps. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5647-3. Pemeliharaan CS1: Ref menduplikasi bawaan (link)
• Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; Stitt RN, Commander G. M. S.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (1959) [1954]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I. 3rd impression. HMSO. OCLC 888934805.
• Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; Flynn RN, Captain F. C.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO 1956]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II. Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-066-1.
• Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; Flynn, Captain F. C. RN; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1960]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-067-X.
• Saunders, H. St. G.; Mountbatten, Louis (2007) [1943]. Combined Operations: The Official Story of the Commandos (Edisi Read Books). London: HMSO. ISBN 1-4067-5957-0.
• The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force (Air 41/10) (Edisi Public Record Office War Histories). Richmond, Surrey: Air Ministry. 2001 [1948]. ISBN 1-903365-30-9.

Situs web

• "I Bersaglieri in Africa Settentrionale". Avanti Savoia website (dalam bahasa Italian). 2003. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)

Bacaan tambahan

• Beaumont, J. (1996). Australia's War, 1939–45. Melbourne: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-039-4.
• Buckingham, W. F. (2012). Tobruk: The Great Siege, 1941–42. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 0-75244-501-4.
• Combes, D. (2001). Morshead: Hero of Tobruk and El Alamein. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-551398-3.
• Converse, A. (2011). Armies of Empire: The 9th Australian and 50th British divisions in Battle 1939–1945. Australian Army History Series. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52119-480-6.
• FitzSimons, P. (2006). Tobruk. Sydney: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-7322-7645-4.
• Glassop, L. (1992) [1944]. We Were the Rats (Edisi Penguin). Sydney: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0-14-014924-4.
• Guardia, M. (2014). Junkers Ju 87 Stuka. Air Vanguard. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 1-47280-119-9.
• Hoffman, K. (2004). Erwin Rommel. London: Brassey's. ISBN 1-85753-374-7.
• Hunt, Sir D. (1990) [1966]. A Don at War (Edisi rev.). London: F. Cass. ISBN 0-7146-3383-6.
• Jentz, T. L. (1998). Tank Combat In North Africa: The Opening Rounds, Operations Sonnenblume, Brevity, Skorpion and Battleaxe, February 1941 – June 1941. Atglen, PN: Schiffer. ISBN 0-7643-0226-4.
• Johnston, M. (2003). That Magnificent 9th: An Illustrated History of the 9th Australian Division. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-654-1.
• Latimer, J. (2004). Tobruk 1941: Rommel's Opening Move. Santa Barbara, CAL: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-275-98287-4.
• Long, G. (1952). To Benghazi. Australia in the War of 1939–1945 Series 1 (Army). Vol. I. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 18400892.
• Long, G. (1973). The Six Years War: a A Concise History of Australia in the 1939–45 War. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. ISBN 0-64299-375-0.
• Maule, H. (1961). Spearhead General: The Epic Story of General Sir Frank Messervy and his Men in Eritrea, North Africa and Burma. London: Odhams. OCLC 2127215.
• Mead, R. (2007). Churchill's Lions: A Biographical Guide to the key British Generals of World War II. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.
• Mitcham, S. W. (2007). Rommel's Desert Commanders: The Men who Served the Desert Fox, North Africa, 1941–1942. Westport, Conn: Praeger Security International. ISBN 0-27599-436-8.
• Montanari, M. (1985). Tobruk (marzo 1941 – gennaio 1942). Le operazioni in Africa Settentrionale (dalam bahasa Italian). Vol. II. Roma: Stato Maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio Storico. OCLC 886499428. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
• Rommel, E; (1982) [1953]. Liddell Hart, B. (ed.). The Rommel Papers. trans. Findlay, Paul (Edisi New). New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80157-4. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanda baca tambahan (link)
• Spencer, B. (1999). In the Footsteps of Ghosts: With the 2/9th Battalion in the African Desert. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-145-0.
• Walker, I. (2006). Iron Hulls, Iron Hearts: Mussolini's Elite Armoured Divisions in North Africa. Ramsbury: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-839-4.
• Wilmot, C. (1993) [1944]. Tobruk 1941 (Edisi Penguin). Sydney: Halstead Press. ISBN 978-0-670-07120-3.

Situs web

• "Appendix No. 30: Summary No. 2, entry for 16 April". 2/43 Infantry Battalion War Diary, April 1941 (PDF). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. hlm. 111–112. RCDIG1026557. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.
• Miller, W. A. (1986). "The 9th Australian Division Versus the Africa Corps: An Infantry Division Against Tanks: Tobruk, Libya, 1941". Fort Leavenworth, KN: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Combat Studies Institute. OCLC 815355690. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2010-02-25. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.
• Toppe, Generalmajor A. (1991) [~1947]. "German Experiences in Desert Warfare During World War II" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army General Command and Staff College. OCLC 58531612. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015.

Pranala luar

• Polish Carpathian Brigade in the defence of Tobruk Diarsipkan 2008-05-01 di Wayback Machine.
• The Characteristic of Tobruk defence in 1941 Diarsipkan 2004-06-04 di Wayback Machine.
• Australian War Memorial – Siege of Tobruk