Wanita di Filipina
 | |
| Indeks Ketidaksetaraan Gender | |
|---|---|
| Nilai | 0.418 (2012) |
| Peringkat | 77 |
| Kematian ibu (per 100,000) | 99 (2010) |
| Wanita dalam parlemen | 22.1% (2012) |
| Perempuan di atas 25 tahun dengan pendidikan menengah | 65.9% (2010) |
| Wanita dalam tenaga kerja | 49.7% (2011) |
| Indeks Ketimpangan Gender Global[1] | |
| Nilai | 0.7832 (2013) |
| Peringkat | 5 dari 144 |
Peran wanita di Filipina terpampang berdasarkan pada konteks pemikiran, standar dan budaya Filipina. Filipina disebut sebagai negara dengan wanita yang kuat, yang secara langsung dan tidak langsung menjalankan unti keluarga, usaha, badan pemerintah dan lahan.
Meskipun mereka umumnya mendefinisikan mereka sendiri berada dalam masyarakat pasca-kolonial yang didominasi laki-laki, wanita Filipina hidup dalam sebuah budaya yang berfokus pada komunitas, dengan keluarga sebagai unit utama dari masyarakat, namun tak selalu menjadi sebuah stereotipe. Ini berada dalam wadah struktur hierarkial Filipina, perbedaan kelas, justifikasi agama, dan kehidupan dalam negara berkembang secara global dimana wanita Filipina dihormati juga oleh pria. Dibandingkan dengan bagian lainnya dari Asia Tenggara, wanita dalam masyarakat Filipina selalu menikmati pembagian kesetaraan yang lebih besar.[2][3][4][5]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "The Global Gender Gap Report 2013" (PDF). World Economic Forum. hlm. 12–13.
- ^ Clamonte, Nitz. Women in the Philippines, Compiled from Gender Awareness Seminars, developed and facilitated by Nitz Clamonte, Ozamiz.com (undated), archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
- ^ The Role and Status of Women, U.S. Library of Congress, CountryStudies.us (undated), retrieved on: July 11, 2007
- ^ Laya, Jaime C. and Michael Van D. Yonzon, Through the Years, Brightly: The Tadtarin Diarsipkan 2010-04-28 di Wayback Machine.; and Joaquin, Nick. The Summer Solstice, PIA.gov (undated),
- ^ Vartti, Riitta (editor), “Women writers through the ages; The Spanish era”, The History of Filipino Women's Writings Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine., an article from Firefly – Filipino Short Stories (Tulikärpänen – filippiiniläisiä novelleja), 2001 / 2007, retrieved on: April 12, 2008, "...Filipinas (i.e. Philippine women) enjoy a reputation of power and equality compared to most of their Asian neighbors..."; "...The Spaniards of the 1500s were horrified by the revolting liberty and too high social status of the woman, mujer indigena, in the islands just conquered by them. Women could own property and rule the people, act as leaders of rites and ceremonies of the society, and divorce their husbands..."; "The Conquistadors and the friars quickly changed this with the European model, where women's place was at home and not in prominent positions. As a consequence, during hundreds of years, education was given only to upper class girls, who were trained to become beautiful, submissive, capable to stitch embroidery, and suitable to marriage. The nun institution offered the only possibility for a career and teaching was the only educated occupation allowed to them..."
Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- "A Celebration of Herstory: Filipino Women in Legislation and Politics, Perspective, About Culture and Arts", NCCA.gov.ph, October 27, 2003 (Taken from the Historical Framework for the Centennial Celebration of Women in Politics and Legislation, sponsored by Ugnayan ng Kababaihan sa Pulitika, National Centennial Commission – Women Sector and Committee on Women, House of Representatives, BayView Hotel, Manila, June 25, 1998), retrieved on: July 16, 2007 (archived from the original on 2008-02-23)
- Conlu, Prudencia V., "Role of Filipino women in fisheries community", Development of Fisheries in the Region: The Role of Filipino Women in Fishing Communities (presented by Professor Prudencia V. Conlu, Dean, College of Fisheries, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miag-as, Iloilo. Philippines), FAO Corporate Document Repository, FAO.org, 1994, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Creating a National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, Presidential Decree No. 633, Malacañang Palace, Manila, LawPhil.net, January 7, 1975, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- "Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the Twenty-first Century", Statement by Dr. Amelou Benitez Reyes, Chairperson, National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, Head of Delegation, Twenty-third Special Session of the General Assembly, New York, UN.org, June 5 to 9, 2000, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Rivera PC (1979). "Women in development: the road toward liberation". Initiatives Popul. 5 (3): 2–7. PMID 12338131.
- Philippine Legislators' Committee on Population and Development Foundation (Feb 1992). "Philippine laws and policies on the status of women". People Count. 2 (1): 1–3. PMID 12179238.
- "Executive Order No. 348 of 17 February 1989 approving and adopting the Philippine Development Plan for Women for 1989 to 1992, 17 February 1989". Annu Rev Popul Law. 16: 132, 551–4. 1989. PMID 12344104.
- Blake, Matthew. "The Role and Status of the Filipina, A Country Study: Philippines" Diarsipkan 2017-07-01 di Wayback Machine., The Library of Congress, Bansa.org, March 30, 2006, retrieved on: January 4, 2010
- Philippines: Specific Commitments Made at Beijing, Beyond Beijing: Taking Root and Gaining Ground Asia Pacific Development Centre – Gender and Development Programme (GAD-APDC), (This report is based on the proceedings of the Legislative Symposium on the government's implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action held on September 29, 1997, Philippines. The Committee on Women, House of Representatives and the Philippine NGO Beijing Score Board co-organized the symposium. The Committee on Women has the mandate to conduct congressional oversight on the implementation of laws and international instruments affecting the conditions of the Filipino women. The Philippine NGO Beijing Score Board is the main NGO network working with the government to monitor the implementation of the Platform for Action. During the Legislative Symposium, the report of the government was presented by Aurora Javate de Dios of the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women who is also the Philippine representative to CEDAW), 1998, 260 pp., AWORC.org, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Caoile, Gloria T., "In Celebration of Filipino Women" Diarsipkan 2012-09-18 di Wayback Machine., Tambuli Magazine, IMDiversity.com, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Former President Fidel V. Ramos (FVR), Cites Role of Women in Nation's History and Development,The Manila Bulletin Online, MB.com, 2001, retrieved on: July 16, 2007 (archived from the original on 2008-02-25)
- The History of Filipino Women's Writings, an article from Firefly – Filipino Short Stories (Tulikärpänen – filippiiniläisiä novelleja), 2001 / 2007 Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine., retrieved on: April 12, 2008
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Women of the Philippines.
- National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women Diarsipkan 2008-02-26 di Wayback Machine., retrieved on: April 9, 2008
- National Commission on the Role of Women, LawPhil.net, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Name of Organization: National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, UNESCAP.org Diarsipkan 2010-06-07 di Wayback Machine., retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- Philippines, Women's Studies, Bibliography, LIB.Berkeley.edu, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
- National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW), International Labour Organization, ILO.org, February 6, 2004, retrieved on: July 16, 2007
