Keberanian

Tuhan Memberkati karya Edmund Leighton

Keberanian adalah pilihan dan kehendak untuk melawan derita, luka, bahaya, ketidakpastian atau intimidasi. Keberanian fisik adalah keberanian dalam menghadapi luka fisik, kesulitan, bahkan kematian atau ancaman kematian, sementara keberanian moral adalah kemampuan untuk bertindak benar dalam menghadapi perlawanan besar, rasa malu, skandal, ketidakberanian, atau kehilangan kepribadian.

Referensi

• Bauhn, Per (2003), The Value of Courage, Lund: Nordic Academic Press, ISBN 91-89116-62-3.
• Jeanmart, G.; Blésin, L. (dir.), Figures du courage politique dans la philosophie moderne et contemporaine, numéro thématique de la revue Dissensus. Revue de philosophie politique de l'Université de Liège (http://popups.ulg.ac.be/dissensus/ Diarsipkan 2013-05-30 di Wayback Machine.), n°2, automne 2009.
• Avramenko, Richard (2011). Courage: The Politics of Life and Limb. University of Notre Dame Press. 
• "Catholic Encyclopedia "Fortitude"". New Advent. 
• "Summa Theologica "Second Part of the Second Part"". New Advent.  See Questions 123–140
• Becker, Ernest (1973). The Denial of Death. New York: The Free Press. 
• Bussey, K. (1992). "Lying and truthfulness: Children's definitions, standards, and evaluative reactions". Child Development. hlm. 63, 129–37. 
• Deci, E. L.; Ryan, R. M. (2000). "The 'what' and 'why' of gal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior". Psychological Inquiry. hlm. 4, 227–68. 
• Eisenberger, R. (1992). "Learned industriousness". Psychological Review. hlm. 99, 248–67. 
• Evans, P. D.; White, D. G. (1981). "Towards an empirical definition of courage". Behaviour Research and Therapy. hlm. 19, 419–24. 
• Hobbes, Thomas (1972). Bernard Gert, ed. Man and Citizen (De Homine and De Cive). Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8446-4756-2. 
• Hobbes, Thomas; Tuck, Richard (1991). Leviathan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
• Hume, David (2009). A Treatise On Human Nature : Being An Attempt To Introduce The Experimental Method Of Reasoning Into Moral Subjects. The Floating Press. 
• Hume, David (1751). An Enquiry Concerning The Principles Of Morals. Lanham: Start Publishing LLC. 
• Peterson, C.; Seligman M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 197–289. 
• Putman, Daniel (2001). "The Emotions of Courage". Journal of Social Philosophy. 32 (4): 463–470. doi:10.1111/0047-2786.00107. 
• Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1989). Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. New York: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-521-77078-1. 
• Rate, Christopher R.; Clarke, Jennifer A.; Sternberg, Lindsay & Robert J. (2007). "Implicit theories of courage". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2:2 (2): 80–98. doi:10.1080/17439760701228755. 
• Ryan, R. M.; Frederick, C. (1997). "On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being". Journal of Personality. hlm. 65, 529–65. 
• McDonnell, Myles (2006). Roman Manliness: "Virtus" and the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5218-2788-1. 
• Miller, William Ian (2000). The Mystery of Courage. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00826-7. 
• Osho (1999). Courage: The Joy of Living Dangerously. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-20517-1. 
• Palmquist, Stephen (2000). "Angst and the Paradox of Courage". The Tree of Philosophy. Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press. 
• Plato; Cooper, John M.; Hutchinson, D.S. (1997). Plato: Complete Works. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub. ISBN 978-0-87220-349-5. 
• Tillich, Paul (1952). The Courage To Be. Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08471-9. 
• Walton, Douglas N. (1986). Courage: A Philosophical Investigation. Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05443-1. 
• Woodard, C.R. (2004). "Hardiness and the concept of courage". Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research. hlm. 56, 173–185. 
• Zimmerman, Barry J. (1995). Self-regulation involves more than meta cognition: A social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychologist. hlm. 30, 217–21. 
• Deutsch, M. (1961). "Courage as a concept in social psychology". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 55:1 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/00224545.1961.9922158. 
• KM, Kerfoot (2012). "Courage as a concept in social psychology". Nursing Economics. 30 (3): 176–178. 
• Aultman, Julie (2008). "Moral Courage Through a Collective Voice". The Journal of Positive Psychology. 8:4 (4): 67–69. doi:10.1080/15265160802147140. 
• Cynthia, L. S. Pury; Shane, J. Lopez (2010). "The Psychology of Courage: Modern Research on an Ancient Virtue". Decade of Behavior. American Psychological Association. 
• Andrei G., Zavaliy; Aristidou, Michael (2014). "Courage: A Modern Look at an Ancient Virtue, Journal of Military Ethics". Journal of Military Ethics. 13:2 (2): 174–189. doi:10.1080/15027570.2014.943037. 
• Robert M., Van Sant; Stevens, Margaret Talbolt; Jones, M.W. (1929). "B and O Magazine, Volume 17". B and O Magazine. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad., 1929. 17: 46. 
• John, Ruskin (1886). "The Works of John Ruskin ...: The stones of Venice 4th ed. 1886, John Ruskin". The Works of John Ruskin. Allen, 1886. 33: 39–40. 
• Lord, Herbert Gardiner (1918). The Psychology of Courage. Luce, 1918. 
• of Corporations and Taxation, Massachusetts. Dept. (1932). "Annual Report of the Commissioner of Corporations and Taxation". Annual Report of the Commissioner of Corporations and Taxation. the University of Michigan: 4. 
• Turnbull, David (1830). "The French Revolution of 1830: The Events which Produced It, and the Scenes by which it was Accompanied". The French Revolution of 1830. Harvard University: H. Colburn and R. Bentley: 206. 

Pranala luar

• Kutipan tentang Keberanian di Wikiquote
• Definisi kamus courage di Wiktionary
• Definitions of Courage in Plato's Socratic dialogues
• Media terkait Courage di Wikimedia Commons