Yahwe
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Yahwe[2] (bahasa Ibrani: יהוה, translit. yhw, Yehuwa)[3] adalah istilah atau nama ilahiah dalam Yahudi, meskipun Yahwe tidak pernah disembah secara eksklusif oleh bangsa Israel.[4] Namanya mungkin dimulai sebagai julukan kepada El, Dewa tertinggi dalam Panteon Kanaan,[5] Referensi terawal yang menyebut nama Yahweh didapat dari catatan Mesir Kuno yang menempatkannya sebagai sesembahan di antara kaum nomad di kawasan selatan Transjordan.[6] Dalam literatur alkitab tertua, dia digambarkan sebagai "prajurit ilahi" yang memimpin tentara surgawi melawan semua musuh Israel;[7] ia kemudian menjadi pemimpin utama dari kerajaan Samaria dan Yehuda,[8] dan dalam kurun waktu tertentu, kerajaan menyatakan bahwa Yahweh sebagai pencipta seluruh alam semesta dan memiliki keilahian yang tak dapat disangkal.[9][10] Pada masa akhir pembuangan ke Babilonia (abad ke-6 SM), keberadaan ilah-ilah lain disangkal, dan Yahweh dicanangkan sebagai pencipta alam semesta, sebagai Tuhan satu-satunya yang menjadi pemilik sejati seluruh alam semesta.[10]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Catatan kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Edelman 1995, hlm. 190Yahweh.
- ^ "Cari "Yahwe" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)". Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
- ^ "Cari "Yehuwa" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)". Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
- ^ Miller 1986, hlm. 110.
- ^ Dijkstra 2001, hlm. 92.
- ^ Dever 2003b, hlm. 128.
- ^ Hackett 2001, hlm. 158–159.
- ^ Smith 2002, hlm. 72.
- ^ Wyatt 2010, hlm. 69–70.
- ^ a b Betz 2000, hlm. 917.
Daftar Pustaka
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- Albertz, Rainer (1994). A History of Israelite Religion, Volume I: From the Beginnings to the End of the Monarchy. Westminster John Knox.
- Allen, Spencer L. (2015). The Splintered Divine: A Study of Istar, Baal, and Yahweh Divine Names and Divine Multiplicity in the Ancient Near East. Walter de Gruyter.
- Becking, Bob (2001). "The Gods in Whom They Trusted". Dalam Becking, Bob. Only One God?: Monotheism in Ancient Israel and the Veneration of the Goddess Asherah. A&C Black.
- Bennett, Harold V. (2002). Injustice Made Legal: Deuteronomic Law and the Plight of Widows, Strangers, and Orphans in Ancient Israel. Eerdmans.
- Betz, Arnold Gottfried (2000). "Monotheism". Dalam Freedman, David Noel; Myer, Allen C. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9053565035.
- Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1999). "The Temple and the Synagogue". Dalam Finkelstein, Louis; Davies, W. D.; Horbury, William. The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 3, The Early Roman Period. Cambridge University Press.
- Cohn, Norman (2001). Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to Come: The Ancient Roots of Apocalyptic Faith. Yale University Press.
- Collins, John J. (2005). The Bible After Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age. Eerdmans.
- Coogan, Michael D.; Smith, Mark S. (2012). Stories from Ancient Canaan (2nd Edition). Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 9053565035.
- Cook, Stephen L. (2004). The Social Roots of Biblical Yahwism. Society of Biblical Literature.
- Darby, Erin (2014). Interpreting Judean Pillar Figurines: Gender and Empire in Judean Apotropaic Ritual. Mohr Siebeck.
- Davies, Philip R.; Rogerson, John (2005). The Old Testament World. Westminster John Knox.
- Davies, Philip R. (2010). "Urban Religion and Rural Religion". Dalam Stavrakopoulou, Francesca; Barton, John. Religious Diversity in Ancient Israel and Judah. Continuum International Publishing Group.
- Day, John (2002). Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan. Continuum.
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