Ninshubur

Ninshubur 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒋚
Sukkal Anu, Inanna dan majelis dewa
Segel silinder Akkadia yang menggambarkan Inanna meletakkan kakinya di punggung singa sementara Ninshubur berdiri di depan menghormatinya, skt. 2334-2154 SM
Pusat pemujaan	Akkil, Uruk, Lagash
Simbol	staff
biasanya tidak ada, tetapi jarang Nergal
Padanan
Akkadia	Ilabrat
Seleukia Uruk	Papsukkal

Ninshubur (aksara paku: 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒋚; juga dieja Ninšubur, Ninšubura atau Nincubur) adalah sukkal (wazir) dewi Inanna dalam mitologi Sumeria. Ninshubur juga menjabat sebagai wazir dewa langit Anu dan kemudian sebagai utusan majelis para dewa, mirip dengan Hermes Yunani atau Iris. Namanya berarti "Ratu pelayan" atau "Ratu Subartu" dalam bahasa Sumeria.

Galeria

• 
  Segel Lugal-ushumgal sebagai pelayan Shar-Kali-Sharri, mungkin menggambarkan Ninshubur
• 
  Nama dewa Ninshubur disebutkan di bahu kanan. Dari Adab, Irak. 2600-2370 SM. Museum Irak
• 
  Patung kalsit-alabaster Sumeria kuno dari pemuja laki-laki dari skt. 2500 SM dan 2250 SM. Prasasti di lengan kanannya menyatakan bahwa dia sedang berdoa kepada Ninshubur.
• 
  Patung dari Der dipersembahkan untuk Ninshubur oleh Enzi dan putranya Amar-kiku (skt. 2400 SM), British Museum, BM 22470

Daftar pustaka

• Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013). Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources (PDF). ISBN 978-3-7278-1738-0. 
• Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1992). "Antiquarian Theology in Seleucid Uruk". Acta Sumerologica. 14. 
• Beckman, Gary (2002). "Babyloniaca Hethitica: The "babilili-Ritual" from Bogazköy (CTH 718". Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History. Penn State University Press. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh36t.6. 
• Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. The British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1705-6. 
• Cohen, Andrew (2005). Death rituals, ideology, and the development of early Mesopotamian kingship: toward a new understanding of Iraq's royal cemetery of Ur. Leiden Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-14635-8. OCLC 61260809. 
• Dalby, Andrew (1986). "The Sumerian Catalogs". The Journal of Library History. University of Texas Press. 21 (3): 475–487. ISSN 0275-3650. JSTOR 25541711. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Drewnowska-Rymarz, Olga (2008). Mesopotamian goddess Nanāja. Warszawa: Agade. ISBN 978-83-87111-41-0. OCLC 263460607. 
• George, Andrew R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-814922-0. OCLC 51668477. 
• Heimpel, Wolfgang (2002). "The Lady of Girsu". Riches Hidden in Secret Places. Penn State University Press. hlm. 155–160. doi:10.5325/j.ctv1bxh4wn.16. ISBN 9781575065335. 
• Horowitz, Wayne; Oelsner, Joachim (1997). "The 30-Star-Catalogue HS 1897 and The Late Parallel BM 55502". Archiv für Orientforschung. Archiv für Orientforschung (AfO)/Institut für Orientalistik. 44/45: 176–185. ISSN 0066-6440. JSTOR 41670126. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Hurowitz, Victor Avigdor (2003). "The Mesopotamian God Image, from Womb to Tomb". Journal of the American Oriental Society. American Oriental Society. 123 (1): 147–157. doi:10.2307/3217848. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 3217848. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Katz, Dina (1995). "Inanna's Descent and Undressing the Dead as a Divine Law". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 85 (2): 221–233. doi:10.1515/zava.1995.85.2.221. ISSN 0084-5299. 
• Klein, Jacob (1998), "Namtar", Reallexikon der Assyriologie 
• Kobayashi, Toshiko (1984). "On the Meaning of the Offerings for the Statue of Entemena". Orient. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan. 20: 43–65. doi:10.5356/orient1960.20.43 . ISSN 1884-1392. 
• Kobayashi, Toshiko (1989). "Was Mesandu the Personal Deity of Enentarzi?". Orient. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan. 25: 22–42. doi:10.5356/orient1960.25.22 . ISSN 1884-1392. 
• Kobayashi, Toshiko (1992). "ON NINAZU, AS SEEN IN THE ECONOMIC TEXTS OF THE EARLY DYNASTIC LAGAŠ". Orient. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan. 28: 75–105. doi:10.5356/orient1960.28.75 . ISSN 1884-1392. 
• Kramer, Samuel Noah (1975). "Two British Museum iršemma "Catalogues"". Studia Orientalia Electronica. 46: 141–166. ISSN 2323-5209. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Krul, Julia (2018). "Theological and Ideological Aspects of the Anu Cult". The Revival of the Anu Cult and the Nocturnal Fire Ceremony at Late Babylonian Uruk. BRILL. hlm. 79–106. doi:10.1163/9789004364943_004. ISBN 9789004364936. 
• Lambert, Wilfred G. (1976). "Introductory Considerations". Orientalia. GBPress- Gregorian Biblical Press. 45: 11–14. ISSN 0030-5367. JSTOR 43074678. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Lambert, Wilfred G. (1987), "Lugal-namtarra", Reallexikon der Assyriologie 
• Litke, Richard L. (1998). A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:^dA-nu-umm and AN:Anu šá Ameli (PDF). New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection. ISBN 978-0-9667495-0-2. OCLC 470337605. 
• Livingstone, A. (1988). "The Isin "Dog House" Revisited". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. American Schools of Oriental Research. 40 (1): 54–60. doi:10.2307/1359707. ISSN 0022-0256. JSTOR 1359707. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-04. 
• Nakata, Ichiro (1995). "A Study of Women's Theophoric Personal Names in the Old Babylonian Texts from Mart". Orient. The Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan. 30-31: 234–253. doi:10.5356/orient1960.30and31.234. ISSN 1884-1392. 
• Peterson, Jeremiah (2009). God Lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-019-7. OCLC 460044951. 
• Peterson, Jeremiah (2016). "UET 6/1, 74, the Hymnic Introduction of a Sumerian Letter-Prayer to Ninšubur". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 106 (1). doi:10.1515/za-2016-0004. ISSN 0084-5299. 
• Pongratz-Leisten, Beate (2012). "Comments on the Translatability of Divinity: Cultic and Theological Responses to the Presence of the Other in the Ancient near East". Dalam Bonnet, Corinne. Les représentations des dieux des autres. Caltanissetta: Sciascia. ISBN 978-88-8241-388-0. OCLC 850438175. 
• Pryke, Louise M. (2017). Ishtar. New York and London: Routledge. hlm. 94. ISBN 978-1-138--86073-5. 
• Sharlach, Tonia (2002). "Foreign Influences on the Religion of the Ur III Court". General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/3. Bethesda, Md: CDL Press. ISBN 1-883053-68-4. OCLC 48399212. 
• Sjöberg, Åke W. (1982). "Miscellaneous Sumerian Texts, III". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. American Schools of Oriental Research. 34 (1/2): 62–80. doi:10.2307/1359993. ISSN 0022-0256. JSTOR 1359993. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Suter, Claudia E. (1991). "A Shulgi Statuette from Tello". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. American Schools of Oriental Research. 43/45: 63–70. doi:10.2307/1359846. ISSN 0022-0256. JSTOR 1359846. Diakses tanggal 2021-08-07. 
• Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1987). "The Staff of Ninšubura: Studies in Babylonian Demonology II". Ex Oriente Lux. BRILL. 29. 
• Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1988). "An Unrecognized Synonym of Sumerian sukkal, "Vizier"". Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 78 (2). doi:10.1515/zava.1988.78.2.225. ISSN 0084-5299. 
• Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1999), "Nergal A. Philologisch · Nergal A. Philological", Reallexikon der Assyriologie 
• Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (2001), "Nin-šubur", Reallexikon der Assyriologie 
• Wilhelm, Gernot (1989). The Hurrians. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips. ISBN 978-0-85668-442-5. OCLC 21036268. 
• Wolkstein, Diane; Kramer, Samuel Noah (1983), Inanna: Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer, New York City, New York: Harper&Row Publishers, ISBN 0-06-090854-8 
• Zólyomi, Gábor Zólyomi (2005). "A hymn to Ninšubur". An experienced scribe who neglects nothing: ancient Near Eastern studies in honor of Jacob Klein. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press. ISBN 978-1-883053-83-3. OCLC 56414097. 

Pranala luar

• Media terkait Ninshubur di Wikimedia Commons
• Texts dedicated to Ninshubur in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
• Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: Papsukkal (god)