Kongregasi untuk Evangelisasi Bangsa-Bangsa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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The Congregation was originally housed in a small palace, the Palazzo Ferratini, donated by Vives, a Spanish priest, at the southern end of the Piazza di Spagna. The architectural complex of the Propoaganda Fide was developed in the triangular urban block between the Via Due Macelli and the Via del Collegio di Propaganda Fide, two streets which diverged from the piazza. |
The Congregation was originally housed in a small palace, the Palazzo Ferratini, donated by Vives, a Spanish priest, at the southern end of the Piazza di Spagna. The architectural complex of the Propoaganda Fide was developed in the triangular urban block between the Via Due Macelli and the Via del Collegio di Propaganda Fide, two streets which diverged from the piazza. |
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In 1634 a small oval chapel was built according to designs by Bernini. In 1642, Father Valerio, with Bernini, redesigned the façade to the Piazza di Spagna, and the development was continued along the Via Due Macelli by [[Gaspare de’Vecchio]] from 1639-1645. |
In 1634 a small oval chapel was built according to designs by Bernini. In 1642, Father Valerio, with Bernini, redesigned the façade to the Piazza di Spagna, and the development was continued along the Via Due Macelli by [[Gaspare de’Vecchio]] from 1639-1645.<ref> Blunt, A. ''Guide to Baroque Rome'', Granada, 1982, 246</ref> |
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In 1648, Borromini took over and made various proposals that included demolishing Bernini’s chapel which must have been particularly galling for the latter as he could see the building from his house on Via Mercede. |
In 1648, Borromini took over and made various proposals that included demolishing Bernini’s chapel which must have been particularly galling for the latter as he could see the building from his house on Via Mercede.<ref> Blunt, 1982, 166</ref> Initially Borromini designed an elongated oval chapel plan but this was superseded by a rectilinear design, with the greater length parallel to the street, and with curved corners on the interior. Construction of the chapel commenced in 1660 and although the main part was built by 1665, some of the decoration was carried out after his death.<ref> Magnuson, T. ''Rome in the Age of Bernini'', Vol 2, 206-7</ref> |
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The Re Magi chapel, dedicated to the [[Three Kings]], has a plan with four side chapels and galleries above. On the interior, the wall and the vault are differentiated horizontally by a [[cornice]] line but there is a vertical continuity of wall and vault which allows for windows at the base of the vault. The wall [[pilaster]]s are continued in the vault as ribs that criss-cross and unite the space, unlike his design at the Oratory of Philip Neri ''[[Oratorio dei Filippini]]'' where the ribs are interrupted by the oval fresco at the centre of the vault. The criss cross arrangement in the Re Magi Chapel is such that an octagon is formed at the centre, embellished with a Dove of the Holy Spirit bathed in golden rays. |
The Re Magi chapel, dedicated to the [[Three Kings]], has a plan with four side chapels and galleries above. On the interior, the wall and the vault are differentiated horizontally by a [[cornice]] line but there is a vertical continuity of wall and vault which allows for windows at the base of the vault. The wall [[pilaster]]s are continued in the vault as ribs that criss-cross and unite the space, unlike his design at the Oratory of Philip Neri ''[[Oratorio dei Filippini]]'' where the ribs are interrupted by the oval fresco at the centre of the vault. The criss cross arrangement in the Re Magi Chapel is such that an octagon is formed at the centre, embellished with a Dove of the Holy Spirit bathed in golden rays. |
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His first designs for the façade onto the Via di Propaganda Fide had five bays but he expanded this to seven. The façade is dominated by the giant pilasters that originally supported a balustrade above the narrow [[entablature]] but later extensions obliterated the balustrade. The central bay of the façade is a concave curve with angled pies at its edges, perhaps in recognition that this façade would always be seen at an oblique angle because of the narrowness of the street. The central door leads into the courtyard where Borromini intended a curved arcade but this was not built. |
His first designs for the façade onto the Via di Propaganda Fide had five bays but he expanded this to seven. The façade is dominated by the giant pilasters that originally supported a balustrade above the narrow [[entablature]] but later extensions obliterated the balustrade. The central bay of the façade is a concave curve with angled pies at its edges, perhaps in recognition that this façade would always be seen at an oblique angle because of the narrowness of the street. The central door leads into the courtyard where Borromini intended a curved arcade but this was not built.<ref>Blunt, 1979, 246</ref> Only the left hand side of the façade relates to the chapel and the right to the stair and entrance to the College. |
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Other parts of the College have further minor works by Borromini. |
Other parts of the College have further minor works by Borromini. |
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Revisi per 6 Desember 2018 13.12
Kongregasi untuk Evangelisasi Bangsa-Bangsa (Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelizatione) di Roma adalah kongregasi Kuria Romawi yang bertanggung-jawab pada karya-karya misionaris dan kegiatan-kegiatan terkait di dalamnya. Kongregasi ini mungkin lebih dikenal dengan nama lamanya, Kongregasi Suci bagi Penyebaran Iman (Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide).
Kongregasi ini didirikan oleh Paus Gregorius XV pada tahun 1622 sebagai Kongregasi Propaganda Fide, sebuah organisasi yang mengatur karya-karya misionaris atas nama berbagai institusi keagamaan dan pada tahun 1627, Paus Urbanus VIII membentuk sebuah sekolah pelatihan bagi misionaris. Kongregasi ini diganti namanya oleh Paus Yohanes Paulus II pada tahun 1982 dan misi-misinya terus berlanjut tanpa pernah terputus.
Kantor pusat kongregasi ini mulanya berada di Palazzo Ferratini, yang disumbangkan oleh Juan Bautista Vives, berada di sebelah selatan Piazza di Spagna. Dua tokoh seni Barok terkenal dari kota Roma terlibat dalam pengembangan kompleks arsitektur bangunan ini; pematung dan arsitek Gian Lorenzo Bernini dan arsitek Francesco Borromini.
Prefek-nya saat ini adalah Uskup Agung Fernando Filoni, sekretarisnya Uskup Agung Savio Hon Tai-Fai dari Hong Kong. Pejabat Arsip Kongregasi ini adalah Uskup Luis Manuel Cuña Ramos.
Prefek
- Antonio Maria Sauli (1622)
- Ludovico Ludovisi (1622–1632)
- Antonio Barberini (1632–1645)
- Luigi Capponi (1645-1649) (saat Barberini sedang diasingkan selama masa kepausan Paus Innosensius X)
- Antonio Barberini (1649–1671)
- Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (1671–1698)
- Carlo Barberini (1698–1704)
- Giuseppe Sacripanti (1704–1727)
- Vincenzo Petra (1727–1747)
- Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1747–1756)
- Giuseppe Spinelli (1756–1763)
- Giuseppe Maria Castelli (1763–1780)
- Leonardo Antonelli (1780–1795)
- Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil (1795–1802)
- Stefano Borgia (pro-prefek 1798-1800, prefek 1802-1804)
- Antonio Dugnani (1804–1805)
- Michele di Pietro (1805–1814)
- Lorenzo Litta (1814–1818)
- Francesco Fontana (1818–1822)
- Ercole Consalvi (pro-prefek 1822-1824, prefek 1824)
- Giulio Maria della Somaglia (pro-prefek 1824-1826)
- Mauro Capellari (1826–1831) (terpilih menjadi Paus Gregorius XVI)
- Carlo Maria Pedicini (1831–1834)
- Giacomo Filippo Fransoni (1834–1856)
- Alessandro Barnabò (1856–1874)
- Alessandro Franchi (1874–1878)
- Giovanni Simeoni (1878–1892)
- Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski (1892–1902)
- Girolamo Maria Gotti (1902–1916)
- Domenico Serafini (pro-prefek 1916, prefek 1916-1918)
- Willem van Rossum (1918–1932)
- Pietro Fumasoni Biondi (1933–1960)
- Samuel Stritch (pro-prefek 1958)
- Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian (pro-prefek 1958-1960, prefek 1960-1970)
- Agnelo Rossi (1970–1984)
- Dermot J. Ryan (pro-prefek 1984-1985)
- Jozef Tomko (pro-prefek 1985, prefek 1985-2001)
- Crescenzio Sepe (2001–2006)
- Ivan Dias (2006-2011)
- Fernando Filoni (pro-prefek 2011- )
Referensi
Pranala luar
- Giga-Catholic Information
- Notre Dame University site gives history of the Propaganda Fide, with details of its organization
- the Collegio di Propaganda Fide: photos and history
- Official Propaganda Fide website
- Satellite Photo. The Collegio is the large rhomboidal block buildings that lie just south of the Spanish steps (narrow tip and Bernini facade facing northeast to Piazza di Spagna).
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sacred Congregation of Propaganda". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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