Perkawinan sejenis: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Perkawinan sejenis''' (dikenal juga dengan '''perkawinan gay''') adalah [[perkawinan]] antara pasangan sejenis kelamin, menuju ke dalam sebuah upacara sipil atau keagamaan. Istilah '''perkawinan kesetaraan''' juga merujuk status politis yang mana perkawinan dari pasangan sejenis kelamin dan pasangan berbeda jenis kelamin diakui setara dalam hukum yang berlaku. |
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{{Serikat sesama jenis}} |
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[[Berkas:Rainbow flag breeze.jpg|jmpl|Bendera LGBT]] |
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{{Seks dan hukum}} |
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'''Pernikahan sesama jenis''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''pernikahan gay''') merupakan pernikahan antara dua orang yang memiliki [[jenis kelamin]] dan/atau [[identitas gender]]. Pengakuan hukum pernikahan sesama jenis atau kemungkinan untuk melakukan pernikahan sesama jenis kadang-kadang disebut sebagai '''kesetaraan perkawinan''' atau '''pernikahan setara''', terutama oleh para pendukungnya.<ref name="Pratt">{{cite news|url= http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:AENN&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13F21B414EDA8168&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0FB3382EE6AD1E46|title=Albany area real estate and the Marriage Equality Act|date=29 May 2012|work=Albany Examiner|accessdate=25 December 2012|author=Pratt, Patricia|quote=On July 24, 2011 the Marriage Equality Act became a law in New York State forever changing the state's legal view of what a married couple is.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Vote on Illinois marriage equality bill coming in January: sponsors|url= http://chicagophoenix.com/2012/12/13/illinois-marriage-equality-vote-january/|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=Chicago Phoenix|date=13 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Commission endorses marriage and adoption equality |url= http://www.hrc.co.nz/human-rights-environment/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity/commission-endorses-marriage-and-adoption-equality |publisher=Human Right Commission New Zealand |date=No date |accessdate=23 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mulholland|first=Helene|title=Ed Miliband calls for gay marriage equality|url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2012/sep/27/ed-miliband-gay-wedding-equality|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location =London|date=27 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="Ring">{{cite news|url= http://www.advocate.com/politics/marriage-equality/2012/12/20/newt-gingrich-accepts-marriage-equality-inevitable|title=Newt Gingrich: Marriage Equality Inevitable, OK|author=Ring, Trudy|work =The Advocate|location=Los Angeles|date=20 December 2012|quote=He [Newt Gingrich] noted to HuffPo that he not only has a lesbian half-sister, LGBT rights activist Candace Gingrich, but has gay friends who've gotten married in Iowa, where their unions are legal. Public opinion has shifted in favor of marriage equality, he said, and the Republican Party could end up on the wrong side of history if it continues to go against the tide.}}</ref> |
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Hingga tahun 2018, perkawinan sejenis diakui secara sah (baik seluruh maupun sebagian) di negara-negara berikut: [[Perkawinan sejenis di Afrika Selatan|Afrika Selatan]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States|Amerika Serikat]],<ref name="United States2" group="nb">Same-sex marriage is recognized in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and all territories except American Samoa. Some, but not all, tribal jurisdictions recognize same-sex marriage.</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Argentina|Argentina]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Australia|Australia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Netherlands|Belanda]], <ref name="Netherlands2" group="nb">Same-sex marriage is legal in [[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|the Netherlands proper]]. Same-sex marriages performed there are recognized in [[Same-sex marriage in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten|Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten]].</ref> [[Perkawinan sejenis di Belgia|Belgia]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Brazil|Brazil]], [[Perkawinan sejenis di Kanada|Canada]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia|Kolombia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark|Denmark]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland|Finlandia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_France|Perancis]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany|Jerman]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland|Islandia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland|Irlandia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg|Luksemburg]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta|Malta]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico|Meksiko]],<ref name="Mexico2" group="nb">Same-sex marriage is legal in the states of [[Same-sex marriage in Baja California|Baja California]], [[Same-sex marriage in Campeche|Campeche]], [[Same-sex marriage in Chiapas|Chiapas]], [[Same-sex marriage in Chihuahua|Chihuahua]], [[Same-sex marriage in Coahuila|Coahuila]], [[Same-sex marriage in Colima|Colima]], [[Same-sex marriage in Jalisco|Jalisco]], [[Same-sex marriage in Michoacán|Michoacán]], [[Same-sex marriage in Morelos|Morelos]], [[Same-sex marriage in Nayarit|Nayarit]], [[Same-sex marriage in Puebla|Puebla]], [[Same-sex marriage in Quintana Roo|Quintana Roo]] and [[Same-sex marriage in Mexico City|Mexico City]] as well as in some municipalities in [[Same-sex marriage in Querétaro|Querétaro]]. Same-sex marriages performed in these jurisdictions are recognized throughout Mexico.</ref> , [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand|Selandia Baru]],<ref name="New Zealand2" group="nb">Same-sex marriage is legal in [[New Zealand|New Zealand proper]], though is not legal in [[Tokelau]], the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]], which together make up the [[Realm of New Zealand]].</ref> [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway|Norwegia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal|Portugal]], , [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain|Spanyol]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden|Swedia]], [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom|Britania Raya]],<ref name="United Kingdom2" group="nb">Same-sex marriage is legal in [[England and Wales|England, Wales]] and [[Scotland]]; though is notably not legal in [[Northern Ireland]]. Same-sex marriage is legal in the overseas territories of [[Same-sex marriage in Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri and Dhekelia]], the [[Same-sex marriage in the British Antarctic Territory|British Antarctic Territory]], the [[Same-sex marriage in the British Indian Ocean Territory|British Indian Ocean Territory]], the [[Same-sex marriage in the Falkland Islands|Falkland Islands]], [[Same-sex marriage in Gibraltar|Gibraltar]], the [[Same-sex marriage in the Pitcairn Islands|Pitcairn Islands]], [[Same-sex marriage in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] and [[Recognition of same-sex unions in the British Overseas Territories|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]. Same-sex marriage is legal in the three Crown dependencies of [[Same-sex marriage in Guernsey|Guernsey]] (including [[Alderney]] but not [[Sark]]), the [[Same-sex marriage in the Isle of Man|Isle of Man]] and [[Same-sex marriage in Jersey|Jersey]].</ref> , dan [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay|Uruguay]]. Sebagai tambahan, [[:en:Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Armenia|Armenia]], [[:en:Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Estonia|Estonia]], dan [[:en:Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_Israel|Israel]] mengakui perkawinan sejenis secara sah untuk masuk ke negaranya. Perkawinan sejenis juga akan segera diakui secara sah di [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan|Taiwan]] dan [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria|Austria]], setelah putusan dari mahkamah konstitusi mengenai hal tersebut masing-masing pada Mei dan Desember 2017.<ref name="Constitutional rulings" group="nb">The constitutional courts of both Taiwan and Austria have given their respective national legislatures a grace period within which to legislatively implement the reform (until January 2019 for Austria and May 2019 for Taiwan). Upon the end of the grace period, same-sex marriage automatically becomes law in these countries.</ref><ref name="NBC News">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/taiwan-court-rules-same-sex-marriage-legal-asia-first-n763931|title=Taiwan Court Rules Same Sex Marriage Legal in Asia First|date=May 24, 2017|work=[[NBC News]]|access-date=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/gay-marriage-in-austria-approved-by-constitutional-court/a-41654156|title=Gay marriage in Austria approved by Constitutional Court|date=5 December 2017|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|accessdate=5 December 2017}}</ref> Lebih jauh lagi, setelah sebuah mosi yang diajukan oleh [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Costa_Rica|Costa Rica]], [[Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Antar-Amerika]] mengeluarkan sebuah keputusan yang menyetujui perkawinan sejenis pada 9 Januari 2018, yang mana diharapkan akan memfasilitasi pengakuan di beberapa negara di [[Amerika]].<ref name="IACHR" group="nb">The countries which are signatories to the [[American Convention on Human Rights]] and recognize the binding jurisdiction of the court are [[Barbados]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], [[Costa Rica]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Haiti]], [[Honduras]], [[Mexico]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Panama]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]] and [[Suriname]]. |
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Hukum pertama pada zaman modern yang memungkinkan pernikahan sesama jenis diberlakukan selama dekade pertama abad ke-21. {{As of|2017|12|9|df=y}}, pernikahan sesama jenis telah dilegalkan di negara-negara berikut: [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Afrika Selatan|Afrika Selatan]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Amrika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Britania Raya|Britania Raya]] (kecuali [[Irlandia Utara]]), [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Argentina|Argentina]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Australia|Australia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Belanda|Belanda]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Belgia|Belgia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Brasil|Brasil]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Denmark|Denmark]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Finlandia|Finlandia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Irlandia|Irlandia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Islandia|Islandia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Jerman|Jerman]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Kanada|Kanada]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Kolombia|Kolombia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Luksemburg|Luksemburg]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Malta|Malta]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Norwegia|Norwegia]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Perancis|Perancis]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Selandia Baru|Selandia Baru]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Spanyol|Spanyol]], [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Swedia|Swedia]], dan [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Uruguay|Uruguay]]. Pernikahan sesama jenis juga legal di beberapa yuridiksi sub-nasional di [[Meksiko]]. Selain itu, pernikahan sesama jenis akan dilegalkan di [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Taiwan|Taiwan]] dan [[pernikahan sesama jenis di Austria|Austria]] setelah dikeluarkannya putusan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Taiwan pada Mei 2017 dan Mahkamah Konstitusi Austria pada Desember 2017.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40012047|title=Taiwan's top court rules in favour of same-sex marriage|date=2017-05-24|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-05-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/gay-marriage-in-austria-approved-by-constitutional-court/a-41654156|title=Gay marriage in Austria approved by Constitutional Court|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=5 December 2017|accessdate=5 December 2017}}</ref> Jajak pendapat di berbagai negara di [[Amerika]] dan sebagian besar wilayah [[Eropa]] sendiri menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan dukungan untuk mengakui secara hukum pernikahan sesama jenis di seluruh ras, etnis, usia, agama, afiliasi politik, dan status sosial ekonomi.<ref>Lihat |
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* {{cite web|last=Newport|first=Frank|title=For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/147662/First-Time-Majority-Americans-Favor-Legal-Gay-Marriage.aspx|publisher=[[The Gallup Organization|Gallup]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Survey – Generations at Odds: The Millennial Generation and the Future of Gay and Lesbian Rights|url=http://publicreligion.org/research/2011/08/generations-at-odds/|publisher=[[Public Religion Research Institute]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Data Points: Support for Legal Same-Sex Marriage|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Chart-Support-for-Legal/64683/|accessdate=25 September 2012|newspaper=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]|date=16 March 2010}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Pew Forum Part 2: Public Opinion on Gay Marriage|url=http://www.pewforum.org/PublicationPage.aspx?id=647|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Same-Sex Marriage: Let's Make a Change|url=http://www.montrealites.ca/justice/same-sex-marriage-lets-make-a-change.html|publisher=Montrealites Justice|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Support for Same‐Sex Marriage in Latin America|url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/I0844.enrevised.pdf|publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite news|title=Most Irish people support gay marriage, poll says|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/02/24/most-irish-people-support-gay-marriage-poll-says/|accessdate=25 September 2012|newspaper=PinkNews|date=24 February 2011}} |
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* {{cite news|last=Jowit|first=Juliette|title=Gay marriage gets ministerial approval|url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2012/jun/12/gay-marriage-receive-ministerial-approval|accessdate=25 September 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|location =London|date=12 June 2012}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Gay Life in Estonia|url=http://www.globalgayz.com/europe/estonia/gay-life-in-estonia/|publisher=globalgayz.com|accessdate=25 September 2012}} |
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* {{cite web|title=Public Opinion: Nationally|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/wp/who-supports-equality/a-majority-of-australians-support-marriage-equality/|publisher=australianmarriageequality.com|accessdate=3 October 2012|archiveurl=https://archive.is/Xz5F2|archivedate=17 January 2013}}</ref> |
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[[Dominica]], [[Grenada]] and [[Jamaica]], which are also signatories to the convention, have not agreed to the court's blanket jurisdiction.</ref><ref name="IACHR">{{cite web|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/38550305/inter-american-court-endorses-same-sex-marriage/|title=Inter-American Court endorses same-sex marriage|date=9 January 2018|work=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=[[Yahoo7]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109235924/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/38550305/inter-american-court-endorses-same-sex-marriage/|archivedate=9 January 2018|deadurl=yes|accessdate=9 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |
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Pendahuluan hukum pernikahan sesama jenis bervariasi oleh yurisdiksi, yang dicapai melalui dengan berbagai perubahan legislatif hukum pernikahan, keputusan pengadilan didasarkan pada kesetaraan jaminan konstitusional, maupun berdasarkan suara langsung (melalui [[inisiatif pemungutan suara]] atau [[referendum]]). Pengakuan pernikahan sesama jenis adalah isu politik, social, [[HAM]] dan [[hak-hak sipil]], serta isu agama di banyak negara di seluruh dunia, dan perdebatan terus muncul mengenai apakah pasangan sesama jenis harus diizinkan menikah, diminta untuk memegang status yang berbeda (sebuah [[serikat sipil]]), atau ditolak pengakuan hak-hak tersebut.<ref name=MuslimWaPo>{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Pamela K.|title= Marriage: Both Civil and Religious|url= http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/pamela_k_taylor/2009/07/marriage_both_civil_and_religious.html|accessdate=20 September 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=31 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Susan K.|title= Marriage a Civil Right, not Sacred Rite|url= http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/susan_k_smith/2009/07/marriage_a_civil_right_not_sacred_rite.html|accessdate=20 September 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=30 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Decision in Perry v. Schwarzenegger |url= https://ecf.cand.uscourts.gov/cand/09cv2292/files/09cv2292-ORDER.pdf |accessdate=6 August 2010}}</ref> Pernikahan sesama jenis dapat memberikan LGBT wajib pajak dengan pelayanan pemerintah dan membuat tuntutan keuangan pada mereka sebanding dengan yang diberikan dan dibutuhkan pasangan heteroseksual. Pernikahan sesama jenis juga memberi mereka perlindungan hukum seperti warisan dan hak kunjungan rumah sakit.<ref>Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration and Policy — Page 13, Wallace Swan - 2004</ref> |
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Pengesahan perkawinan sejenis berbeda-beda di setiap yuridiksi, dengan dilaksanakan melalui perubahan [[hukum perkawinan]] secara legislatif, sebuah keputusan pengadilan berdasarkan jaminan konstitusional atas persamaan, atau melalui suara masyarakat secara langsung (dengan [[Inisiatif|suara inisiatif]] atau [[referendum]]). Pengakuan perkawinan sejenis dianggap sebagai sebuah [[hak asasi manusia]], [[hak sipil]], serta masalah politis, sosial, dan religius.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-42633891|title=Inter-American Human Rights Court backs same-sex marriage|date=January 10, 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/576/14-556/opinion3.html|title=Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015)|date=June 26, 2015|publisher=[[Justia]]|accessdate=April 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/panelists/susan_k_smith/2009/07/marriage_a_civil_right_not_sacred_rite.html|title=Marriage a Civil Right, not Sacred Rite|last=Smith|first=Susan K.|date=30 July 2009|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=20 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecf.cand.uscourts.gov/cand/09cv2292/files/09cv2292-ORDER.pdf|title=Decision in Perry v. Schwarzenegger|accessdate=6 August 2010}}</ref> Pendukung yang paling menonjol bagi perkawinan sejenis adalah organisasi hak asasi manusia dan hak sipil juga komunitas ilmiah dan medis, sedangkan penentang yang paling menonjol adalah kelompok agama. Beberapa komunitas aliran di dunia mendukung perkawinan sejenis, sedangkan banyak komunitas agama yang menentang. [[:en:Same-sex_marriage#Polling|Jajak pendapat secara konsisten menunjukkan]] dukungan berkelanjutan yang terus meningkat untuk pengakuan perkawinan sejenis di seluruh negara dengan demokrasi yang maju dan beberapa negara dengan demokrasi yang berkembang.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.gallup.com/poll/210566/support-gay-marriage-edges-new-high.aspx|title=U.S. Support for Gay Marriage Edges to New High|date=May 15, 2017|website=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.org/who-supports-equality/a-majority-of-australians-support-marriage-equality/|title=For several years a majority of Australians have supported marriage equality|publisher=Australian Marriage Equality Incorporated|accessdate=22 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/I0844.enrevised.pdf|title=Support for Same‐Sex Marriage in Latin America|publisher=[[Vanderbilt University]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> |
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Beberapa analisis menyatakan bahwa keuangan, psikologis dan kesejahteraan fisik diperkuat oleh pernikahan, dan bahwa anak-anak dari pasangan sesama jenis mendapat manfaat dibesarkan oleh dua orang tua yang berada dalam serikat yang diakui secara hukum yang didukung oleh lembaga-lembaga masyarakat.<ref name="psychological">{{cite web|url= http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/gay-marriage.pdf|title=Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Marriage|year=2004|author=American Psychological Association|accessdate=10 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="asa">{{cite web|url=http://www2.asanet.org/public/marriage_res.html|author=American Sociological Association|title=American Sociological Association Member Resolution on Proposed U.S. Constitutional Amendment Regarding Marriage|accessdate=10 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="amici">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus29.pdf|title=Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as amici curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name=cpa2006>{{cite web|title=Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement|url=http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Practice_Page/Marriage_SameSex_Couples_PositionStatement.pdf|publisher=[[Canadian Psychological Association]]|accessdate=28 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=pediatrics>{{Cite journal|author=Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, ''et al.''|title=The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children|journal=Pediatrics|volume=118|issue=1|pages=349–64|year=2006|month=July|pmid=16818585|doi=10.1542/peds.2006-1279}} available online: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/349</ref> Dokumen pengadilan yang disusun oleh asosiasi ilmiah Amerika juga menyatakan bahwa pelarangan pernikahan untuk pasangan sesama jenis dapat menstigmatisasi dan mengundang diskriminasi publik terhadap mereka.<ref name="amici2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus39.pdf|title=Brief of Amici Curiae American Anthropological Association ''et al.'', supporting plaintiffs-appellees and urging affirmance – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref> Asosiasi Antropologi Amerika juga menekankan bahwa tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa peradaban atau tatanan sosial bergantung pada pelarangan pernikahan sesama jenis.<ref name="aaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/marriage.htm|author=American Anthropological Association|year=2005|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family from the American Anthropological Association|accessdate=10 November 2010}}</ref> |
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Studi ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan finansial, psikologis, dan fisik orang [[gay]] bertambah dengan adanya perkawinan, dan bahwa anak dari orang tua sejenis diuntungkan dengan dibesarkan oleh pasangan sejenis yang berada di dalam hubungan yang sah dan didukung oleh institusi masyarakat.<ref name="psychological2">{{cite web|url=http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/gay-marriage.pdf|title=Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Marriage|year=2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511190536/http://www.apa.org/about/governance/council/policy/gay-marriage.pdf|archivedate=11 May 2011|deadurl=yes|accessdate=10 November 2010|author=[[American Psychological Association]]}}</ref><ref name="asa2">{{cite web|url=http://www2.asanet.org/public/marriage_res.html|title=American Sociological Association Member Resolution on Proposed U.S. Constitutional Amendment Regarding Marriage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812175917/http://www2.asanet.org/public/marriage_res.html|archivedate=12 August 2007|deadurl=yes|accessdate=10 November 2010|author=[[American Sociological Association]]}}</ref><ref name="amici3">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus29.pdf|title=Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as amici curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="cpa20062">{{cite web|url=http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Practice_Page/Marriage_SameSex_Couples_PositionStatement.pdf|title=Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement|publisher=[[Canadian Psychological Association]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707191052/http://www.cpa.ca/cpasite/userfiles/Documents/Practice_Page/Marriage_SameSex_Couples_PositionStatement.pdf|archivedate=7 July 2012|deadurl=yes|accessdate=28 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="pediatrics2">{{Cite journal|date=July 2006|title=The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=118|issue=1|pages=349–64|doi=10.1542/peds.2006-1279|pmid=16818585|vauthors=Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/349|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children | Special Articles | Pediatrics|date=|website=Pediatrics.aappublications.org|accessdate=2017-07-07}}</ref> Penelitian dari ilmu sosial menyatakan bahwa pengecualian homoseksual dari perkawinan memberikan stigma dan mengundang diskriminasi publik pada mereka, dan penelitian juga menolak gagasan bahwa baik sebuah kebudayaan atau tertib sosial yang baik tergantung pada pembatasan perkawinan hanya pada heteroseksual.<ref name="amici22">{{cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2010/10/27/amicus39.pdf|title=Brief of Amici Curiae American Anthropological Association et al., supporting plaintiffs-appellees and urging affirmance – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)|accessdate=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="aaa2">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|year=2004|accessdate=18 September 2015|author=[[American Anthropological Association]]}}</ref> Perkawinan sejenis juga dapat memberikan mereka yang terikat dalam hubungan sejenis, yang membayar pajak, layanan pemerintah, dan membuat kebutuhan keuangan pada mereka sebanding dengan yang diberikan dan diperlukan dalam perkawinan berbeda jenis, dan juga memberi mereka perlindungan hukum seperti warisan dan hak kunjungan rumah sakit.<ref>Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration and Policy — Page 13, Wallace Swan – 2004</ref> |
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Pernikahan sesama jenis dapat dilakukan di [[Pernikahan sipil|upacara sipil]] yang sekuler atau dalam pengaturan agama. Berbagai komunitas agama di seluruh dunia mendukung izin pasangan sesama jenis untuk menikah atau melakukan upacara pernikahan sesama jenis, seperti: <!-- HARAP ''tidak'' MENAMBAHKAN KELOMPOK AGAMA YANG ''tidak'' UTAMA/PENTING ATAU AGAMA YANG BERBEDA TANPA PEMBAHASAN SEBELUMNYA. INI HANYA CONTOH, TIDAK PERLU MENAMBAHKAN DAFTAR INI.--> [[Gereja Swedia]], [[Quakers]], [[Gereja Episkopal di Amerika Serikat|Episkopal Amerika Serikat]], [[Gereja Komunitas Metropolitan]], [[Gereja Kristus Serikat]], [[Gereja Kanada Serikat]], [[Buddhisme di Australia]], Yahudi [[Yudaisme Reformasi|Reformasi]] dan [[Yudaisme Konservatif|Konservatif]], [[Wicca]], [[Neo-Druidisme|Druid]], [[Unitarian Universalisme|Unitarian Universalis]], dan agama [[Agama asli Amerika|Pribumi Amerika]] dengan tradisi [[dua-roh]], serta berbagai Kristen, Hindu, Buddha, dan kelompok-kelompok Yahudi dan berbagai agama dan denominasi kecil lainnya yang progresif dan modern. |
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Tentangan terhadap perkawinan sejenis didasari pada kepercayaan bahwa homoseksualitas tidaklah alami dan abnormal, sehingga pengakuan terhadap persatuan sejenis akan mendorong homoseksualitas di dalam masyarakat, dan anak lebih baik dibesarkan oleh pasangan berbeda jenis.<ref name="thoughtco">{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/moral-and-religious-arguments-250095|title=Common Arguments Against Gay Marriage|date=16 July 2017|accessdate=26 September 2017|author=Cline, Austin}}</ref> Klaim ini dilawan oleh ilmu pengetahuan yang menunjukkan bahwa homoseksualitas adalah alami dan normal dalam seksualitas manusia, bahwa orientasi seksual tidak bisa dipilih atau dipengaruhi, dan anak dari pasangan sejenis sebaik atau bahkan lebih baik kehidupannya dibandingkan anak dari pasangan berbeda jenis.<ref name="Coghlan">{{cite news|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14146-gay-brains-structured-like-those-of-the-opposite-sex|title=Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex|last=Coghlan|first=Andy|date=June 16, 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=April 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Soh">{{cite news|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cross-cultural-evidence-for-the-genetics-of-homosexuality/|title=Cross-Cultural Evidence for the Genetics of Homosexuality|last=Soh|first=Debra|date=April 25, 2017|work=[[Scientific American]]|accessdate=June 8, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|author2=Agnes Riedmann|author3=Susan D Stewart|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|year=2014|isbn=1305176898|page=82|quote=[T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).|accessdate=February 11, 2016|author1=Mary Ann Lamanna}}</ref><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite journal|author=Frankowski BL|author2=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]] Committee on Adolescence|date=June 2004|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113|issue=6|pages=1827–32|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827|pmid=15173519}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2005_SameSexMarriage.pdf|title=Position Statement on Support of Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Civil Marriage|date=|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="aaanet.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.aaanet.org/issues/policy-advocacy/Statement-on-Marriage-and-the-family.cfm?renderforprint=1|title=Statement on Marriage and the Family|date=|publisher=[[American Anthropological Association]]|accessdate=June 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Advocacy%20and%20Newsroom/Position%20Statements/ps2002_Adoption.pdf|title=Position Statement on Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples|year=2002|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ama-assn.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-people/member-groups-sections/glbt-advisory-committee/ama-policy-regarding-sexual-orientation.page|title=AMA Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Medical Association]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="San Diego Gay and Lesbian News">{{cite web|url=http://www.sdgln.com/news/2010/08/11/apa-reaffirms-support-same-sex-marriage|title=The APA reaffirms support for same-sex marriage|date=|publisher=[[San Diego Gay and Lesbian News]]|accessdate=July 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Pediatrics.aappublications.org">{{cite web|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/1/349.full|title=The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children|date=|publisher=[[American Academy of Pediatrics]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aannet.org/assets/docs/marriage%20equality_7-26%2012f.pdf|title=Support for Marriage Equality|date=July 2012|publisher=[[American Academy of Nursing]]|accessdate=November 2, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Davis">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/23/children-raised-by-same-sex-parents-do-as-well-as-their-peers-study-shows|title=Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows|last=Davis|first=Annie|date=October 22, 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/07/07/children-of-same-sex-couples-are-happier-and-healthier-than-peers-research-shows|title=Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows|last=Bever|first=Lindsey|date=July 7, 2014|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=March 28, 2018}}</ref> |
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== Pernikahan sesama jenis dalam budaya populer == |
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Pernikahan sesama jenis dan hubungan telah menjadi tema dalam beberapa cerita fiksi, mitologi, kultus klasik, dan permainan video. |
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Sebuah [[:en:Same-sex_marriage#Child_suicide|studi se of nationwide data from across the United States from January 1999 to December 2015]] revealed that the establishment of same-sex marriage is associated with a significant reduction in the rate of attempted suicide among children, with the effect being concentrated among children of a minority sexual orientation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2604258|title=Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent Suicide Attempts|website=[[Journal of the American Medical Association|Journal of the American Medical Association: Pediatrics]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jhsph.edu/news/news-releases/2017/same-sex-marriage-legalization-linked-to-reduction-in-suicide-attempts-among-high-school-students.html|title=Same-Sex Marriage Legalization Linked to Reduction in Suicide Attempts Among High School Students|date=February 20, 2017|website=[[Johns Hopkins University]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/02/20/teen-suicide-down-as-same-sex-marriage-legalized-study/98179684/|title=Study: Teen suicide attempts fell as same-sex marriage was legalized|date=February 20, 2017|website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/same-sex-marriage-fewer-youth-suicide|title=Same-sex marriage laws linked to fewer youth suicide attempts, new study says|date=February 20, 2017|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pediatrics-suicide-lgbt/same-sex-marriage-laws-tied-to-fewer-teen-suicide-attempts-idUSKBN1612SP|title=Same-sex marriage laws tied to fewer teen suicide attempts|date=February 23, 2017|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> |
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=== Permainan === |
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Jumlah pernikahan sesama jenis dalam permainan video modern mulai meningkat termasuk: ''[[Fable II]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Masaki|first=Lyle|title=Same-sex marriage in the Fable games was no big deal for Peter Molyneux|url=http://www.afterelton.com/blog/lylemasaki/same-sex-marriage-in-fable2|publisher=[[AfterElton.com]]|accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Hopkins|first=Tom|title=Skyrim Includes Same-Sex Marriage|url=http://www.nowgamer.com/news/1028931/skyrim_includes_samesex_marriage.html|publisher=nowgamer.com|accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> ''[[Fallout 2]]'',<ref>{{cite news|last=Hirshman|first=Linda|url= http://www.salon.com/2007/04/28/gay_dwarves/|title=Why can't gay dwarves get married in Middle-earth?|work=Salon|date=28 April 2007|accessdate=11 February 2012}}</ref> dan ''[[The Sims 3]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Masaki|first=Lyle|title="The Sims 3" makes full-on gay marriage a virtual reality |url= http://www.afterelton.com/blog/lylemasaki/the-sims-3-includes-gay-marriage |publisher=[[AfterElton.com]] |accessdate=25 September 2012}}</ref> Dalam edisi #51 dari serial komik ''[[Astonishing X-Men]]'', pahlawan super [[Northstar|Jean-Paul Beaubier]] menikahi pasangannya Kyle Jinadu, membuatnya pahlawan super pertama dalam serial komik yang melakukan pernikahan sesama jenis.<ref>{{cite news|last=Peeples|first=Jase|title=Comic Books Take a Big Leap Forward With Gay Wedding|url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/comics-and-graphic-novels/2012/06/19/get-early-look-how-marvel-comics-depicts|accessdate=23 July 2012|newspaper=[[The Advocate]]|date=19 June 2012}}</ref> |
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== Terminologi == |
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Pernikahan sesama jenis juga diceritakan, biasanya dalam cahaya yang positif pada zaman modern, di acara televisi Amerika Serikat termasuk ''[[The Simpsons]]'', ''[[Family Guy]]'' , ''[[Modern Family]]'', ''[[Queer as Folk (serial TV 2000)|Queer as Folk]]'', dan ''[[The New Normal (serial TV)|The New Normal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fair.org/extra-online-articles/medias-gay-marriage-consensus/|title=Media’s Gay Marriage Consensus — FAIR: Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting|publisher=Fair.org|date=1 February 2013|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Puente|first=Maria|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2010-08-24-gayshollywood23_CV_N.htm|title=Hollywood now opening arms to gay characters, families|publisher=Usatoday30.usatoday.com|date=24 August 2010|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref> |
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== |
=== Istilah alternatif === |
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* [[Pernikahan sesama jenis di Indonesia]] |
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* [[Hukum keluarga]] |
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* [[Homoseksualitas]] |
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* [[Legislasi perserikatan sesama jenis]] |
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* [[Hubungan sesama jenis]] |
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* [[Hak LGBT menurut negara dan teritori]] |
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* [[Serikat sipil]] |
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* [[Pernikahan#Hak dan kewajiban|Hak dan kewajiban pernikahan]] |
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* [[:Kategori:Pernikahan, serikat dan hubungan menurut negara|Pernikahan, serikat dan hubungan menurut negara]] |
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=== |
=== Penggunaan istilah ''perkawinan'' === |
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* ''[[A Union in Wait]]'' |
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* ''[[Freedom to Marry]]'' |
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* ''[[Marriage Equality USA]]'' |
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* ''[[Marriage Under Fire]]'' |
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* ''[[Pursuit of Equality]]'' |
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* ''[[The Gay Marriage Thing]]'' |
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== Studi == |
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* [[Adelphopoiesis]] |
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* [[The Leveret Spirit]] |
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=== |
=== Bunuh diri anak === |
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* [[Pemberkatan pernikahan sesama jenis dan perserikatan sesama jenis di gereja Kristen]] |
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* [[Agama dan seksualitas]] |
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* [[Pernikahan sesama jenis dan Yudaisme]] |
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* [[Alkitab dan homoseksualitas]] |
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== |
=== Kesehatan === |
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{{Reflist|group=nb}} |
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== |
=== Orang tua === |
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{{Reflist|40em}} |
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== |
=== Jajak pendapat === |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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* {{cite book|last=Boswell|first=John|authorlink=John Boswell (historian)|year=1995|title=The Marriage of Likeness: Same-sex Unions in Pre-modern Europe|publisher=Simon Harper and Collins|location=New York|isbn=0-00-255508-5}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Boswell|first=John|authorlink=John Boswell|year=1994|title=Same-sex Unions in Premodern Europe|publisher=Villard Books|location=New York|isbn=0-679-43228-0}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Calò|first=Emanuele|title=Matrimonio à la carte — Matrimoni, convivenze registrate e divorzi dopo l'intervento comunitario|location=Milano|publisher=Giuffrè|year=2009}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Caramagno|first=Thomas C.|year=2002|title=Irreconcilable Differences? Intellectual Stalemate in the Gay Rights Debate|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, CT|isbn=0-275-97721-8}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Cere|first=Daniel|authorlink=Daniel Cere|year=2004|title=Divorcing Marriage: Unveiling the Dangers in Canada's New Social Experiment|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|location=Montreal|isbn=0-7735-2895-4}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Chauncey|first=George|authorlink=George Chauncey|year=2004|title=Why Marriage?: The History Shaping Today's Debate over Gay Equality|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|isbn=0-465-00957-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Dobson|first=James C.|authorlink=James Dobson|year=2004|title=Marriage Under Fire|publisher=Multnomah|location=Sisters, Or.|isbn=1-59052-431-4}} |
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* {{cite book|editor=George, Robert P.; [[Jean Bethke Elshtain|Elshtain, Jean Bethke]] (Eds.)|year=2006|title=The Meaning of Marriage: Family, State, Market, And Morals|publisher=Spence Publishing Company|location=Dallas|isbn=1-890626-64-3}} |
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* {{cite book|editor=Goss, Robert E.; Strongheart, Amy Adams Squire (Eds.)|year=2008|title=Our Families, Our Values: Snapshots of Queer Kinship|publisher=The Harrington Park Press, An Imprint of the Haworth Press, Inc.|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-56023-910-7}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Larocque|first=Sylvain|year=2006|title=[[Gay Marriage|Gay Marriage: The Story of a Canadian Social Revolution]]|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|location=Toronto|isbn=1-55028-927-6}} |
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* {{cite book|editor=Laycock, Douglas; Picarello, Anthony Jr.; Wilson, Robin Fretwell (Eds.)|year=2008|title=Same-Sex Marriage and Religious Liberty: Emerging Conflicts|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=0-7425-6326-X}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Moats|first=David|year=2004|title=Civil Wars: A Battle For Gay Marriage|publisher=Harcourt, Inc.|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-15-101017-X}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Oliver|first=Marilyn Tower|year=1998|title=Gay and lesbian rights: a struggle|publisher=Enslow Publishers|isbn=978-0-89490-958-0|url=http://books.google.com/?id=XXIFAAAACAAJ}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Rauch|first=Jonathan|authorlink=Jonathan Rauch|year=2004|title=Gay Marriage: Why It Is Good for Gays, Good for Straights, and Good for America|publisher=Henry Holt and Company, LLC|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-8050-7815-0}} |
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* {{cite book|last1 = Smart|first1 = Carol|last2 = Heaphy|first2 = Brian|last3 = Einarsdottir|first3 = Anna|title = Same sex marriages: new generations, new relationships. Genders and sexualities in the social sciences.|publisher = Palgrave Macmillan|location = Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire|year = 2013|isbn = 9780230300231 }} |
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* {{cite book|last=Spedale|first=Darren|authorlink=Darren Spedale|year=2006|title=Gay Marriage: For Better or For Worse? What We've Learned From the Evidence|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-518751-2}} |
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* {{cite book|editor=[[Andrew Sullivan|Sullivan, Andrew]] (Editor)|year=2004|title=Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con — A Reader, Revised Updated Edition|publisher=Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc.|location=New York, NY|isbn=1-4000-7866-0}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Truluck|first=Rembert S.|year=2000|title=Steps to Recovery from Bible Abuse|publisher=Chi Rho Press, Inc.|location=Gaithersburg, MD|isbn=1-888493-16-X}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Wolfson|first=Evan|authorlink=Evan Wolfson|year=2004|title=Why Marriage Matters: America, Equality, and Gay People's Right to Marry|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0-7432-6459-2}} |
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</div> |
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== |
== Sejarah == |
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{{Wikinews|Pernikahan sesama jenis}} |
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=== Dahulu === |
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{{Commons category|Same-sex marriage}} |
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* {{DMOZ|Society/Gay,_Lesbian,_and_Bisexual/Law/Marriage_and_Domestic_Partnership}} |
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=== Sekarang === |
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==== Linimasa ==== |
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{| class="wikitable hlist" |
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<tr><th>2001</th><td><ul><li>{{flagicon|Netherlands}} <b>[[Perkawinan sejenis di Belanda|Belanda]]</b> (1 April)</li></ul></td></tr> |
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! href="The Chronicle of Higher Education" |2002 |
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<td><p>''Tidak ada''</p></td><tr><th>2003</th><td><ul><li>{{flagicon|Belgium}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Belgium|Belgia]]</b> (1 Juni)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Ontario|Ontario]] (10 Juni)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_British_Columbia|British Columbia]] (8 Juli)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th>2004</th><td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Quebec|Quebec]] (19 March)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts|Massachusetts]] (17 May)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Yukon|Yukon]] (14 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Manitoba|Manitoba]] (16 September)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Nova_Scotia|Nova Scotia]] (24 September)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]] (5 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador|Newfoundland and Labrador]] (21 December)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th>2005</th><td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Brunswick|New Brunswick]] (23 June)</li><li>{{flagicon|Spain}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Spain|Spanyol]]''' (3 July)</li><li>{{flagicon|Canada}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada|Canada]]</b> [nationwide] (20 July)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th>2006</th><td> |
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<li>{{flagicon|South Africa}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Africa|South Africa]]</b> (30 November)</li></td></tr><tr><th>2007</th><td><i>None</i> |
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</td></tr> |
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|- |
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!2008 |
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<td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Connecticut|Connecticut]] (12 November)</li></ul></td> |
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|-<th>2009</th> |
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| |
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<li>{{flagicon|Norway}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Norway|Norway]]</b> (1 January)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Iowa|Iowa]] (27 April) |
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*{{flagicon|Sweden}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Sweden|Sweden]]</b> (1 May)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Coquille_Indian_Tribe|Coquille Indian Tribe]] (20 May)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Vermont|Vermont]] (1 September) |
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|-<th>2010</th><td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Hampshire|New Hampshire]] (1 January)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_District_of_Columbia|District of Columbia]] (3 March)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico_City|Mexican Federal District]] (4 March)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Mashantucket_Pequot_Tribal_Nation|Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation]] (29 April)</li><li>{{flagicon|Portugal}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Portugal|Portugal]]</b> (5 June)</li><li>{{flagicon|Iceland}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Iceland|Iceland]]</b> (27 June)</li><li>{{flagicon|Argentina}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Argentina|Argentina]]''' (22 July)</li></ul></td> |
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|- |
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!2011 |
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<td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_York|New York]] (24 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Suquamish_Tribe|Suquamish Tribe]] (1 August)</li></ul></td><tr><th>2012</th><td><ul><li href="Canadian Psychological Association">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Alagoas|Alagoas]] (6 January)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Quintana_Roo|Quintana Roo]] (3 May)</li><li>{{flagicon|Denmark}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark|Denmark]]</b> (15 June)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil|Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais]] (11 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Sergipe]] (15 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Espírito Santo]] (15 August)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Caribbean_Netherlands|Caribbean Netherlands]] (10 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Bahia]] (26 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Brazilian Federal District]] (1 December)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Washington_state|Washington]] (6 December)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Port_Gamble_S’Klallam_Tribe|Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe]] (9 December)</li><li href=":Category:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Piauí]] (15 December)</li><li href="Category:Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Maine|Maine]] (29 December)</li></ul></td></tr> |
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|-<th>2013</th> |
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| |
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*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Maryland|Maryland]] (1 January)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|São Paulo]] (16 February)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Ceará]] (15 March)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Little_Traverse_Bay_Bands_of_Odawa_Indians|Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians]] (15 March) |
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*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Paraná]] (26 March)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Mato Grosso do Sul]] (2 April)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Rondônia]] (26 April)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Santa_Catarina|Santa Catarina]] (29 April)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil#State-wide|Paraíba]] (29 April)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Pokagon_Band_of_Potawatomi_Indians|Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians]] (8 May)</li><li>{{flagicon|Brazil}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Brazil|Brazil]]</b> [nationwide] (16 May)</li><li>{{flagicon|France}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_France|France]]</b> (18 May)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Iipay_Nation_of_Santa_Ysabel|Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel]] (24 June) |
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*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_California|California]] (28 June)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Delaware|Delaware]] (1 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Minnesota|Minnesota]] (1 August)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Rhode_Island|Rhode Island]] (1 August) |
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*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Grand_Portage_Band_of_Chippewa|Grand Portage Band of Chippewa]] (1 August) |
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*{{flagicon|Uruguay}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Uruguay|Uruguay]]</b> (5 August)<li>{{flagicon|New Zealand}} <b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Zealand|New Zealand]]</b> (19 August)</li>*[[:en:Doña_Ana_County,_New_Mexico|Doña Ana County, New Mexico]] (21 August)<li>[[:en:Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico|Santa Fe County, New Mexico]] (23 August)</li><li>[[:en:Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico|Bernalillo County, New Mexico]] (26 August)</li>*[[:en:San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico|San Miguel County, New Mexico]] (27 August) |
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*[[:en:Valencia_County,_New_Mexico|Valencia County, New Mexico]] (27 August)<li>[[:en:Taos_County,_New_Mexico|Taos County, New Mexico]] (28 August)</li><li>[[:en:Los_Alamos_County,_New_Mexico|Los Alamos County, New Mexico]] (4 September)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Colville_Reservation|Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation]] (5 September)</li><li>[[:en:Grant_County,_New_Mexico|Grant County, New Mexico]] (9 September)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Cheyenne_and_Arapaho_Tribes|Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes]] (18 October<!--3rd license since repeal of DOMA, first public marriage-->)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Jersey|New Jersey]] (21 October)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Leech_Lake_Band_of_Ojibwe|Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe]] (15 November)</li>*[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Hawaii|Hawaii]] (2 December)<li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_New_Mexico|New Mexico]] [statewide] (19 December)</li> |
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<tr><th>2014</th><td><ul><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Illinois#Lawsuits|Cook County, Illinois]] (21 February)</li><li>{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|Wales}}<b>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom|England and Wales]]</b> (13 March)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Oregon|Oregon]] (19 May)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] (20 May)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Illinois|Illinois]] [statewide] (1 June)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia|Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] (3 June)</li><li href="Category:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: editors list">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory|British Indian Ocean Territory]] (3 June)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Puyallup_Tribe_of_Indians|Puyallup Tribe of Indians]] (9 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Fond_du_Lac_Band_of_Lake_Superior_Chippewa|Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa]] (16 July)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Confederated_Tribes_of_Coos,_Lower_Umpqua_and_Siuslaw_Indians|Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians]] (10 August)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Coahuila|Coahuila]] (17 September)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Virginia|Virginia]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Utah|Utah]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Indiana|Indiana]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Wisconsin|Wisconsin]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Lac_du_Flambeau_Band_of_Lake_Superior_Chippewa|Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa]] (6 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Colorado|Colorado]] (7 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_West_Virginia|West Virginia]] (9 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Nevada|Nevada]] (9 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Fort_McDermitt_Paiute_and_Shoshone_Tribes|Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes]] (9 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_North_Carolina|North Carolina]] (10 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Alaska|Alaska]] (12 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Idaho|Idaho]] (15 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Arizona|Arizona]] (17 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Fort_McDowell_Yavapai_Nation|Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation]] (17 October)</li><li href="Proyek Direktori Terbuka">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Pascua_Yaqui_Tribe|Pascua Yaqui Tribe]] (17 October)</li><li xml:lang="Inggris">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Salt_River_Pima-Maricopa_Indian_Community|Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community]] (17 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#San_Carlos_Apache_Tribe|San Carlos Apache Tribe]] (17 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Yavapai-Apache_Nation|Yavapai-Apache Nation]] (17 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Wyoming|Wyoming]] (21 October)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Missouri#State_of_Missouri_v._Florida|St. Louis, Missouri]] (5 November)</li><li href=":Templat:Status serikat sesama jenis">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Missouri#State_of_Missouri_v._Florida|St. Louis County, Missouri]] (6 November)</li><li>[[:en:Lawson_v._Kelly|Jackson County, Missouri]] (7 November)</li><li href="Kategory:Perundang-undangan terkait LGBT">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Kansas|Douglas County, Kansas]] (12 November)</li><li href="Kategori:Pernikahan">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Kansas|Sedgwick County, Kansas]] (12 November)</li><li href="Kategori:Sejarah LGBT">[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Eastern_Shoshone_Tribe|Eastern Shoshone Tribe]] (14 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Northern_Arapaho_Tribe|Northern Arapaho Tribe]] (14 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Montana|Montana]] (19 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Blackfeet_Nation|Blackfeet Nation]] (19 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_South_Carolina|South Carolina]] (20 November)</li><li>[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Keweenaw_Bay_Indian_Community|Keweenaw Bay Indian Community]] (13 December)</li><li>{{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom|Scotland]]''' (16 December)</li><li>[[:en:Recognition_of_same-sex_unions_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]</li></ul></td></tr> |
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|- |
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!2015 |
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| |
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* {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]''' (1 January) |
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* [[:en:Pareto_v._Ruvin|Miami-Dade County, Florida]] (5 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Florida|Florida]] [statewide] (6 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Central_Council_of_the_Tlingit_and_Haida_Indian_Tribes_of_Alaska|Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska]] (24 February) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands|Pitcairn Islands]] (14 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Confederated_Tribes_of_Siletz_Indians|Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians]] (15 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Guam|Guam]] (9 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Oneida_Tribe_of_Indians_of_Wisconsin|Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin]] (10 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Chihuahua|Chihuahua]] (12 June) |
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* {{flagicon|United States}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States|United States]]''' [nationwide] (26 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Northern_Mariana_Islands|Northern Mariana Islands]] (30 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Sault_Ste._Marie_Tribe_of_Chippewa_Indians|Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians]] (7 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands|United States Virgin Islands]] (9 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Puerto_Rico|Puerto Rico]] (13 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro]] (21 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#White_Mountain_Apache_Tribe|White Mountain Apache Tribe]] (9 September) |
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* {{flagicon|Ireland}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland|Ireland]]''' (16 November) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Confederated_Tribes_of_the_Grand_Ronde_Community_of_Oregon|Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon]] (18 November) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Nayarit|Nayarit]] (23 December) |
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|- |
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!2016 |
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| |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Oglala_Sioux_Tribe|Oglala Sioux Tribe]] (25 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Stockbridge-Munsee_Community_Band_of_Mohican_Indians|Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians]] (2 February) |
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* {{flagicon|Greenland}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Greenland|Greenland]]''' (1 April) |
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* {{flagicon|Colombia}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Colombia|Colombia]]''' (28 April) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Tulalip_Tribes_of_Washington|Tulalip Tribes of Washington]] (6 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Jalisco|Jalisco]] [statewide] (12 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Campeche|Campeche]] (20 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Colima|Colima]] (12 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Michoacán|Michoacán]] (23 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Morelos|Morelos]] (5 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Isle_of_Man|Isle of Man]] (22 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Mexico#Puebla|San Pedro Cholula, Puebla]] (18 September) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_British_Antarctic_Territory|British Antarctic Territory]] (13 October) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Menominee_Indian_Tribe_of_Wisconsin|Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin]] (3 November) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Cherokee_Nation|Cherokee Nation]] (9 December) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Gibraltar|Gibraltar]] (15 December) |
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|- |
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!2017 |
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| |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha#Ascension_Island|Ascension Island]] (1 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Amealco de Bonfil, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Cadereyta de Montes, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Ezequiel Montes, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Huimilpan, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|San Joaquín, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Querétaro|Tolimán, Querétaro]] (4 January) |
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* {{flagicon|Finland}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Finland|Finland]]''' (1 March) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Osage_Nation|Osage Nation]] (20 March) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Prairie_Island_Indian_Community|Prairie Island Indian Community]] (22 March) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Falkland_Islands|Falkland Islands]] (29 April) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey|Guernsey]] (2 May) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Ho-Chunk_Nation_of_Wisconsin|Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin]] (5 June) |
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* {{flagicon|Faroe Islands}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_Faroe_Islands|Faroe Islands]]''' (1 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Chiapas|Chiapas]] (11 July) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Puebla|Puebla]] [statewide] (1 August) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha#Tristan_da_Cunha|Tristan da Cunha]] (4 August) |
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* {{flagicon|Malta}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Malta|Malta]]''' (1 September) |
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* {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Germany|Germany]]''' (1 October) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_under_United_States_tribal_jurisdictions#Ak-Chin_Indian_Community|Ak-Chin Indian Community]] (25 October) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Baja_California|Baja California]] (3 November) |
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* {{flagicon|Australia}} '''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia|Australia]]''' (9 December) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha#Saint_Helena|Saint Helena]] (20 December) |
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|- |
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!2018 |
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| |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Guernsey|Alderney]] (14 June) |
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* [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Jersey|Jersey]] (1 July) |
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|- |
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!TBD |
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| |
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* {{flagicon|Austria}} '''''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Austria|Austria]]''''' ''(by 1 January 2019)'' |
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* {{flagicon|Taiwan}} '''''[[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_Taiwan|Taiwan]]''''' ''(by 24 May 2019)'' |
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* {{NYTtopic|subjects/s/same_sex_marriage|Same-Sex Marriage, Civil Unions, and Domestic Partnerships}} |
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* [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20030731_homosexual-unions_en.html Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions between Homosexual Persons] |
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* [http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/same-sex-marriage-developments-the-law.html Same-Sex Marriage: Developments in the Law"], Emily Doskow, NOLO. |
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* [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0034/twps0034.html U.S. Census Gay Marriage Statistics from April 1999] |
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* [http://law-library.rutgers.edu/SSM.html Same-Sex Marriage] |
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{{Status serikat sesama jenis}} |
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{{Amendemen pernikahan}} |
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{{LGBT|state=collapsed|rights=expanded}} |
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==== Organisasi internasional ==== |
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[[Kategory:Perundang-undangan terkait LGBT|Perundang-undangan terkait LGBT]] |
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===== Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa ===== |
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===== Uni Eropa ===== |
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===== Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Antar-Amerika ===== |
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== Perkawinan sejenis di dunia == |
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=== Pengakuan sah === |
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==== Argentina ==== |
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==== Australia ==== |
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==== Austria ==== |
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==== Belgia ==== |
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==== Brazil ==== |
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==== Kanada ==== |
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==== Kolombia ==== |
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==== Denmark ==== |
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==== Finlandia ==== |
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==== Perancis ==== |
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==== Jerman ==== |
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==== Islandia ==== |
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==== Irlandia ==== |
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==== Luksemburg ==== |
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==== Malta ==== |
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==== Meksiko ==== |
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==== Belanda ==== |
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==== Selandia Baru ==== |
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==== Norwegia ==== |
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==== Portugal ==== |
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==== Afrika Selatan ==== |
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==== Spanyol ==== |
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==== Swedia ==== |
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==== Britania Raya ==== |
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==== Amerika Serikat ==== |
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==== Uruguay ==== |
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=== Debat nasional === |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pernikahan sesama jenis}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pernikahan sesama jenis}} |
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Revisi per 2 Juli 2018 15.41
Perkawinan sejenis (dikenal juga dengan perkawinan gay) adalah perkawinan antara pasangan sejenis kelamin, menuju ke dalam sebuah upacara sipil atau keagamaan. Istilah perkawinan kesetaraan juga merujuk status politis yang mana perkawinan dari pasangan sejenis kelamin dan pasangan berbeda jenis kelamin diakui setara dalam hukum yang berlaku.
Hingga tahun 2018, perkawinan sejenis diakui secara sah (baik seluruh maupun sebagian) di negara-negara berikut: Afrika Selatan, Amerika Serikat,[nb 1] Argentina, Australia, Belanda, [nb 2] Belgia, Brazil, Canada, Kolombia, Denmark, Finlandia, Perancis, Jerman, Islandia, Irlandia, Luksemburg, Malta, Meksiko,[nb 3] , Selandia Baru,[nb 4] Norwegia, Portugal, , Spanyol, Swedia, Britania Raya,[nb 5] , dan Uruguay. Sebagai tambahan, Armenia, Estonia, dan Israel mengakui perkawinan sejenis secara sah untuk masuk ke negaranya. Perkawinan sejenis juga akan segera diakui secara sah di Taiwan dan Austria, setelah putusan dari mahkamah konstitusi mengenai hal tersebut masing-masing pada Mei dan Desember 2017.[nb 6][1][2] Lebih jauh lagi, setelah sebuah mosi yang diajukan oleh Costa Rica, Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Antar-Amerika mengeluarkan sebuah keputusan yang menyetujui perkawinan sejenis pada 9 Januari 2018, yang mana diharapkan akan memfasilitasi pengakuan di beberapa negara di Amerika.[nb 7][3]
Pengesahan perkawinan sejenis berbeda-beda di setiap yuridiksi, dengan dilaksanakan melalui perubahan hukum perkawinan secara legislatif, sebuah keputusan pengadilan berdasarkan jaminan konstitusional atas persamaan, atau melalui suara masyarakat secara langsung (dengan suara inisiatif atau referendum). Pengakuan perkawinan sejenis dianggap sebagai sebuah hak asasi manusia, hak sipil, serta masalah politis, sosial, dan religius.[4][5][6][7] Pendukung yang paling menonjol bagi perkawinan sejenis adalah organisasi hak asasi manusia dan hak sipil juga komunitas ilmiah dan medis, sedangkan penentang yang paling menonjol adalah kelompok agama. Beberapa komunitas aliran di dunia mendukung perkawinan sejenis, sedangkan banyak komunitas agama yang menentang. Jajak pendapat secara konsisten menunjukkan dukungan berkelanjutan yang terus meningkat untuk pengakuan perkawinan sejenis di seluruh negara dengan demokrasi yang maju dan beberapa negara dengan demokrasi yang berkembang.[8][9][10]
Studi ilmiah menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan finansial, psikologis, dan fisik orang gay bertambah dengan adanya perkawinan, dan bahwa anak dari orang tua sejenis diuntungkan dengan dibesarkan oleh pasangan sejenis yang berada di dalam hubungan yang sah dan didukung oleh institusi masyarakat.[11][12][13][14][15][16] Penelitian dari ilmu sosial menyatakan bahwa pengecualian homoseksual dari perkawinan memberikan stigma dan mengundang diskriminasi publik pada mereka, dan penelitian juga menolak gagasan bahwa baik sebuah kebudayaan atau tertib sosial yang baik tergantung pada pembatasan perkawinan hanya pada heteroseksual.[17][18] Perkawinan sejenis juga dapat memberikan mereka yang terikat dalam hubungan sejenis, yang membayar pajak, layanan pemerintah, dan membuat kebutuhan keuangan pada mereka sebanding dengan yang diberikan dan diperlukan dalam perkawinan berbeda jenis, dan juga memberi mereka perlindungan hukum seperti warisan dan hak kunjungan rumah sakit.[19]
Tentangan terhadap perkawinan sejenis didasari pada kepercayaan bahwa homoseksualitas tidaklah alami dan abnormal, sehingga pengakuan terhadap persatuan sejenis akan mendorong homoseksualitas di dalam masyarakat, dan anak lebih baik dibesarkan oleh pasangan berbeda jenis.[20] Klaim ini dilawan oleh ilmu pengetahuan yang menunjukkan bahwa homoseksualitas adalah alami dan normal dalam seksualitas manusia, bahwa orientasi seksual tidak bisa dipilih atau dipengaruhi, dan anak dari pasangan sejenis sebaik atau bahkan lebih baik kehidupannya dibandingkan anak dari pasangan berbeda jenis.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Sebuah studi se of nationwide data from across the United States from January 1999 to December 2015 revealed that the establishment of same-sex marriage is associated with a significant reduction in the rate of attempted suicide among children, with the effect being concentrated among children of a minority sexual orientation.[34][35][36][37][38]
Terminologi
Istilah alternatif
Penggunaan istilah perkawinan
Studi
Bunuh diri anak
Kesehatan
Orang tua
Jajak pendapat
Sejarah
Dahulu
Sekarang
Linimasa
Organisasi internasional
Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa
Uni Eropa
Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Antar-Amerika
Perkawinan sejenis di dunia
Pengakuan sah
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgia
Brazil
Kanada
Kolombia
Denmark
Finlandia
Perancis
Jerman
Islandia
Irlandia
Luksemburg
Malta
Meksiko
Belanda
Selandia Baru
Norwegia
Portugal
Afrika Selatan
Spanyol
Swedia
Britania Raya
Amerika Serikat
Uruguay
Debat nasional
Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref> untuk kelompok bernama "nb", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="nb"/> yang berkaitan
- ^ "Taiwan Court Rules Same Sex Marriage Legal in Asia First". NBC News. May 24, 2017. Diakses tanggal April 6, 2018.
- ^ "Gay marriage in Austria approved by Constitutional Court". Deutsche Welle. 5 December 2017. Diakses tanggal 5 December 2017.
- ^ "Inter-American Court endorses same-sex marriage". Agence France-Presse. Yahoo7. 9 January 2018. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 January 2018. Diakses tanggal 9 January 2018.
- ^ "Inter-American Human Rights Court backs same-sex marriage". BBC. January 10, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 6, 2018.
- ^ "Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015)". Justia. June 26, 2015. Diakses tanggal April 6, 2018.
- ^ Smith, Susan K. (30 July 2009). "Marriage a Civil Right, not Sacred Rite". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 20 September 2012.
- ^ "Decision in Perry v. Schwarzenegger" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 6 August 2010.
- ^ "U.S. Support for Gay Marriage Edges to New High". Gallup. May 15, 2017.
- ^ "For several years a majority of Australians have supported marriage equality". Australian Marriage Equality Incorporated. Diakses tanggal 22 May 2015.
- ^ "Support for Same‐Sex Marriage in Latin America" (PDF). Vanderbilt University. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2012.
- ^ American Psychological Association (2004). "Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Marriage" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 11 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2010.
- ^ American Sociological Association. "American Sociological Association Member Resolution on Proposed U.S. Constitutional Amendment Regarding Marriage". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 August 2007. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2010.
- ^ "Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as amici curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 5 November 2010.
- ^ "Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement" (PDF). Canadian Psychological Association. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 7 July 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 September 2012.
- ^ Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al. (July 2006). "The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children". Pediatrics. 118 (1): 349–64. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1279. PMID 16818585.
- ^ "The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children | Special Articles | Pediatrics". Pediatrics.aappublications.org. Diakses tanggal 2017-07-07.
- ^ "Brief of Amici Curiae American Anthropological Association et al., supporting plaintiffs-appellees and urging affirmance – Appeal from United States District Court for the Northern District of California Civil Case No. 09-CV-2292 VRW (Honorable Vaughn R. Walker)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 5 November 2010.
- ^ American Anthropological Association (2004). "Statement on Marriage and the Family". Diakses tanggal 18 September 2015.
- ^ Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration and Policy — Page 13, Wallace Swan – 2004
- ^ Cline, Austin (16 July 2017). "Common Arguments Against Gay Marriage". Diakses tanggal 26 September 2017.
- ^ Coghlan, Andy (June 16, 2008). "Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex". New Scientist. Diakses tanggal April 5, 2018.
- ^ Soh, Debra (April 25, 2017). "Cross-Cultural Evidence for the Genetics of Homosexuality". Scientific American. Diakses tanggal June 8, 2018.
- ^ Mary Ann Lamanna; Agnes Riedmann; Susan D Stewart (2014). Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society. Cengage Learning. hlm. 82. ISBN 1305176898. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2016.
[T]he APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).
- ^ Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004). "Sexual orientation and adolescents". Pediatrics. 113 (6): 1827–32. doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. PMID 15173519.
- ^ "Position Statement on Support of Legal Recognition of Same-Sex Civil Marriage" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2013.
- ^ "Statement on Marriage and the Family". American Anthropological Association. Diakses tanggal June 9, 2015.
- ^ "Position Statement on Adoption and Co-parenting of Children by Same-sex Couples" (PDF). American Psychiatric Association. 2002. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2013.
- ^ "AMA Policy Regarding Sexual Orientation". American Medical Association. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2013.
- ^ "The APA reaffirms support for same-sex marriage". San Diego Gay and Lesbian News. Diakses tanggal July 28, 2012.
- ^ "The Effects of Marriage, Civil Union, and Domestic Partnership Laws on the Health and Well-being of Children". American Academy of Pediatrics. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2013.
- ^ "Support for Marriage Equality" (PDF). American Academy of Nursing. July 2012. Diakses tanggal November 2, 2013.
- ^ Davis, Annie (October 22, 2017). "Children raised by same-sex parents do as well as their peers, study shows". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal March 28, 2018.
- ^ Bever, Lindsey (July 7, 2014). "Children of same-sex couples are happier and healthier than peers, research shows". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal March 28, 2018.
- ^ "Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent Suicide Attempts". Journal of the American Medical Association: Pediatrics.
- ^ "Same-Sex Marriage Legalization Linked to Reduction in Suicide Attempts Among High School Students". Johns Hopkins University. February 20, 2017.
- ^ "Study: Teen suicide attempts fell as same-sex marriage was legalized". USA Today. February 20, 2017.
- ^ "Same-sex marriage laws linked to fewer youth suicide attempts, new study says". PBS. February 20, 2017.
- ^ "Same-sex marriage laws tied to fewer teen suicide attempts". Reuters. February 23, 2017.