Kekerasan terhadap wanita
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Kekerasan terhadap wanita (KTW), juga dikenal sebagai kekerasan berbasis gender[1] dan kekerasan seksual dan berbasis gender (KSBG),[2] adalah tindakan kekerasan yang para korban utamanya adalah wanita atau perempuan. Kekerasan semacam itu sering dianggap sebagai bentuk kejahatan kebencian.[3]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Taylor and Francis and Oxfam. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls): 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506.
- ^ Sexual and Gender-based Violence (WHO)
- ^ Citations:
- Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Dalam Maschke, Karen J. Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. hlm. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Dalam Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. hlm. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.
- McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Dalam Perry, Barbara. Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.
Bacaan lanjutan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Almosaed, Nora (2004). "Violence against women: a cross‐cultural perspective". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. Taylor and Francis. 24 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1080/1360200042000212124.
- Appiah, Kwame Anthony (21 September 2010). "Convincing other cultures to change". Big Think. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 December 2013.
- Bellemare, Marc F.; Steinmetz, Tara L. (17 June 2013). "All in the family: explaining the persistence of female genital cutting in the Gambia". Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2280086. SSRN 2280086
. Pdf.
- Dobash, Russell P.; Dobash, R. Emerson (2016). Women, violence and social change. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781138174023.
- Durham, Meenakshi G. (February 2013). ""Vicious Assault Shakes Texas Town": the politics of gender violence in The New York Times' coverage of a schoolgirl's gang rape". Journalism Studies. Taylor & Francis. 14 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.657907.
- Heise, Lori L.; Pitanguy, Jacqueline; Germain, Adrienne (1994). Violence against women: the hidden health burden. Washington, D.C: World Bank. ISBN 9780821329801. Discussion Paper No. 255
- James, Stanlie M. (Summer 1998). "Shades of othering: reflections on female circumcision/genital mutilation". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. University of Chicago Press. 23 (4): 1031–1048. doi:10.1086/495300. JSTOR 3175202.
- Jones, Helen; Diop, Nafissatou; Askew, Ian; Kaboré, Inoussa (September 1999). "Female genital cutting practices in Burkina Faso and Mali and their negative health outcomes". Studies in Family Planning. Wiley. 30 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00219.x. PMID 10546313.
- Jones, Wanda K.; Smith, Jack; Kieke, Jr., Burney; Wilcox, Lynne (September 1997). "Female genital mutilation/female circumcision: who is at risk in the US?". Public Health Reports. 112 (5): 368–377. PMC 1381943
. PMID 9323387. Pdf.
- Kelly, Liz (December 2005). "Inside outsiders: Mainstreaming violence against women into human rights discourse and practice". International Feminist Journal of Politics. Taylor and Francis. 7 (4): 471–495. doi:10.1080/14616740500284391.
- Mackie, Gerry (June 2003). "Female genital cutting: a harmless practice?". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association. 17 (2): 135–158. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.135. JSTOR 3655332. Pdf.
- Shell-Duncan, Bettina; Herniund, Yiva (August 2006). "Are there "Stages of Change" in the practice of female genital cutting?: Qualitative research findings from Senegal and The Gambia". African Journal of Reproductive Health [La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive]. Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC). 10 (2): 57–71. doi:10.2307/30032459. JSTOR 30032459.
- Skaine, Rosemarie (2005). Female genital mutilation: legal, cultural, and medical issues. Jefferson, North Caroline: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 9780786421671.
- Wagner, Natascha (March 2013). Why female genital cutting persist? (PDF). Working Paper. University of Rotterdam.
- True, Jacqui (2012). The political economy of violence against women. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199755912.
- Wakabi, Wairagala (31 March 2007). "Africa battles to make female genital mutilation history". The Lancet. Elsevier. 369 (9567): 1069–1070. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60508-X. PMID 17405200.
- Williams, Lindy; Sobieszczyk, Teresa (November 1997). "Attitudes surrounding the continuation of female circumcision in the Sudan: passing the tradition to the next generation". Journal of Marriage and Family. Wiley. 59 (4): 966–981. doi:10.2307/353796. JSTOR 353796.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Violence against women. |
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Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan |
- Kekerasan terhadap wanita di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- Violence against women, a factsheet on ECtHR case law
- Virtual Knowledge Centre to End Violence against Women and Girls (in English, French, and Spanish)
- UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- World Health Organization's reports on FGM, Health complications of female genital mutilation