Kekerasan terhadap wanita

Sebuah peta dunia yang menunjukkan Pembunuhan per 100.000 populasi yang dilakukan terhadap wanita, 2019

Kekerasan terhadap wanita (KTW), juga dikenal sebagai kekerasan berbasis gender^[1] dan kekerasan seksual dan berbasis gender (KSBG),^[2] adalah tindakan kekerasan yang para korban utamanya adalah wanita atau perempuan. Kekerasan semacam itu sering dianggap sebagai bentuk kejahatan kebencian.^[3]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Taylor and Francis and Oxfam. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls): 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506.
^ Sexual and Gender-based Violence (WHO)
^
Citations:
- Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Dalam Maschke, Karen J. Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. hlm. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.
- Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Dalam Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. hlm. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.
- McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Dalam Perry, Barbara. Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

Bacaan lanjutan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Almosaed, Nora (2004). "Violence against women: a cross‐cultural perspective". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. Taylor and Francis. 24 (1): 67–88. doi:10.1080/1360200042000212124.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony (21 September 2010). "Convincing other cultures to change". Big Think. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 December 2013.
Bellemare, Marc F.; Steinmetz, Tara L. (17 June 2013). "All in the family: explaining the persistence of female genital cutting in the Gambia". Social Science Research Network. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2280086. SSRN 2280086 . Pdf.
Dobash, Russell P.; Dobash, R. Emerson (2016). Women, violence and social change. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781138174023.
Durham, Meenakshi G. (February 2013). ""Vicious Assault Shakes Texas Town": the politics of gender violence in The New York Times' coverage of a schoolgirl's gang rape". Journalism Studies. Taylor & Francis. 14 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2012.657907.
Heise, Lori L.; Pitanguy, Jacqueline; Germain, Adrienne (1994). Violence against women: the hidden health burden. Washington, D.C: World Bank. ISBN 9780821329801. Discussion Paper No. 255
James, Stanlie M. (Summer 1998). "Shades of othering: reflections on female circumcision/genital mutilation". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. University of Chicago Press. 23 (4): 1031–1048. doi:10.1086/495300. JSTOR 3175202.
Jones, Helen; Diop, Nafissatou; Askew, Ian; Kaboré, Inoussa (September 1999). "Female genital cutting practices in Burkina Faso and Mali and their negative health outcomes". Studies in Family Planning. Wiley. 30 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00219.x. PMID 10546313.
Jones, Wanda K.; Smith, Jack; Kieke, Jr., Burney; Wilcox, Lynne (September 1997). "Female genital mutilation/female circumcision: who is at risk in the US?". Public Health Reports. 112 (5): 368–377. PMC 1381943 . PMID 9323387. Pdf.
Kelly, Liz (December 2005). "Inside outsiders: Mainstreaming violence against women into human rights discourse and practice". International Feminist Journal of Politics. Taylor and Francis. 7 (4): 471–495. doi:10.1080/14616740500284391.
Mackie, Gerry (June 2003). "Female genital cutting: a harmless practice?". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Wiley on behalf of the American Anthropological Association. 17 (2): 135–158. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.135. JSTOR 3655332. Pdf.
Shell-Duncan, Bettina; Herniund, Yiva (August 2006). "Are there "Stages of Change" in the practice of female genital cutting?: Qualitative research findings from Senegal and The Gambia". African Journal of Reproductive Health [La Revue Africaine de la Santé Reproductive]. Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC). 10 (2): 57–71. doi:10.2307/30032459. JSTOR 30032459.
Skaine, Rosemarie (2005). Female genital mutilation: legal, cultural, and medical issues. Jefferson, North Caroline: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 9780786421671.
Wagner, Natascha (March 2013). Why female genital cutting persist? (PDF). Working Paper. University of Rotterdam.
True, Jacqui (2012). The political economy of violence against women. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199755912.
Wakabi, Wairagala (31 March 2007). "Africa battles to make female genital mutilation history". The Lancet. Elsevier. 369 (9567): 1069–1070. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60508-X. PMID 17405200.
Williams, Lindy; Sobieszczyk, Teresa (November 1997). "Attitudes surrounding the continuation of female circumcision in the Sudan: passing the tradition to the next generation". Journal of Marriage and Family. Wiley. 59 (4): 966–981. doi:10.2307/353796. JSTOR 353796.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Kekerasan terhadap wanita di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
Violence against women, a factsheet on ECtHR case law
Virtual Knowledge Centre to End Violence against Women and Girls (in English, French, and Spanish)
UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
World Health Organization's reports on FGM, Health complications of female genital mutilation

[1] Russo, Nancy Felipe; Pirlott, Angela (November 2006). "Gender-based violence: concepts, methods, and findings". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Taylor and Francis and Oxfam. 1087 (Violence and Exploitation Against Women and Girls): 178–205. Bibcode:2006NYASA1087..178R. doi:10.1196/annals.1385.024. PMID 17189506.

[2] Sexual and Gender-based Violence (WHO)

[3] Citations:
Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Dalam Maschke, Karen J. Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. hlm. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Dalam Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. hlm. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Dalam Perry, Barbara. Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[4] Angelari, Marguerite (1997). "Hate crime statutes: a promising tool for fighting violence against women". Dalam Maschke, Karen J. Pornography, sex work, and hate speech. New York: Taylor and Francis. hlm. 405–448. ISBN 9780815325208.

[5] Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. (2013). "The hate debate: constitutional and policy problems". Dalam Gerstenfeld, Phyllis B. Hate crimes: causes, controls, and controversies. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. hlm. 58. ISBN 9781452256627.

[6] McPhail, Beverly (2003). "Gender-bias hate crimes: a review". Dalam Perry, Barbara. Hate and bias crime: a reader. New York: Routledge. hlm. 271. ISBN 9780415944076.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Kekerasan terhadap wanita

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Bacaan lanjutan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Menu navigasi

Pencarian