Hak veto Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Hak veto Dewan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa adalah hak lima anggota tetap Dewan Keamanan PBB (Tiongkok, Prancis, Rusia, Britania Raya, dan Amerika Serikat) untuk memveto setiap keputusan kecuali keputusan "prosedural".

Ketidakhadiran atau abstainnya anggota tetap tidak dianggap sebagai veto.^[1] Keputusan "prosedural" (seperti mengubah agenda rapat atau mengundang non-anggota untuk menghadiri rapat Dewan Keamanan PBB^[2]^[3]) juga tidak dapat diveto.

Hak veto merupakan isu yang kontroversial. Para pendukungnya berargumen bahwa Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) akan runtuh jika mencoba menerapkan tindakan mengikat terhadap anggota tetap^[4] dan bahwa hak veto merupakan jaminan kritis terhadap dominasi Amerika Serikat.^[5] Rusia dan Tiongkok memandang hak veto sebagai promotor stabilitas^[6] internasional dan penghalang terhadap intervensi militer.^[7] Kritikus mengatakan bahwa hak veto adalah unsur paling tidak demokratis di PBB,^[8] serta penyebab utama ketidakberdayaan dalam menangani kejahatan perang dan kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan, karena secara efektif mencegah tindakan PBB terhadap anggota tetap dan sekutunya.^[9]

Referensi

↑ Engelhardt, Hanns (1963). "Das Vetorecht im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen". Archiv des Völkerrechts. 10 (4): 377–415. ISSN 0003-892X. JSTOR 40796759.
↑ Kelsen, Hans. “Organization and Procedure of the Security Council of the United Nations.” Harvard Law Review, vol. 59, no. 7, 1946, pp. 1087–121. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1335164. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.
↑ Padelford, Norman J. “The Use of the Veto.” International Organization, vol. 2, no. 2, 1948, pp. 227–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3030288. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.
↑ "Obstructing the Security Council: The Use of the Veto in the Twentieth Century". Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international. 3 (2). Brill: 218–234. 2001. doi:10.1163/15718050120956965. ISSN 1388-199X.
↑ Prashad, Vijay (2020). Washington Bullets. New York: Monthly Review Press. hlm. 37–38. ISBN 978-1-58367-906-7.
↑ Putin, Vladimir V. (11 September 2013). "What Putin Has to Say to Americans About Syria". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2018. The United Nations' founders understood that decisions affecting war and peace should happen only by consensus, and with America's consent the veto by Security Council permanent members was enshrined in the United Nations Charter. The profound wisdom of this has underpinned the stability of international relations for decades.
↑ "Wang Yi: China Is Participant, Facilitator and Contributor of International Order". Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Los Angeles. 27 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 11 December 2017. China's veto at the Security Council has always played an important role in checking the instinct of war and resisting power politics.
↑ Wilcox, Francis O. (October 1945). "II. The Yalta Voting Formula". The American Political Science Review. 39 (5): 943–956. doi:10.2307/1950035. JSTOR 1950035. S2CID 143510142.
↑ Oliphant, Roland (4 October 2016). "'End Security Council veto' to halt Syria violence, UN human rights chief says amid deadlock". The Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 January 2022.

Bacaan tambahan

Bardo Fassbender, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto: A Constitutional Perspective, Kluwer Law International, The Hague / London / Boston, 1998. ISBN 90-411-0592-1.
Bardo Fassbender, 'Pressure for Security Council Reform', in: David M. Malone (ed.), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, Colorado, and London, 2004, pp. 341–355.
Bardo Fassbender, 'The Security Council: Progress is Possible but Unlikely', in: Antonio Cassese (ed.), Realizing Utopia: The Future of International Law, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 52–60.
Vaughan Lowe; Adam Roberts; Jennifer Welsh; Dominik Zaum (ed.). The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945, Oxford University Press, 2008. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-11-05. Diakses tanggal 2017-08-11. ISBN 978-0-19-953343-5 (hardback); ISBN 978-0-19-958330-0 (paperback). US edition Diarsipkan 2012-11-20 di Wayback Machine.. On Google.
David Malone (ed), The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century, Lynne Rienner, Boulder, Colorado, 2004. ISBN 1-58826-240-5 (paperback).

Pranala luar

"Can You Bypass a U.N. Security Council Veto?" Diarsipkan 2011-09-08 di Wayback Machine., Slate magazine
"Security Council veto power usage" Diarsipkan 2007-11-18 di Wayback Machine., Peace.ca
"Global Policy Forum" Diarsipkan 2015-04-02 di Wayback Machine., information on use of the veto power
Malone, D & Mahbubani, K: "The UN Security Council – from the Cold War to the 21st Century" Diarsipkan 2021-01-16 di Wayback Machine., UN World Chronicle, 30 March 2004.

Lihat pula

Vetokrasi

[:0-1] Engelhardt, Hanns (1963). "Das Vetorecht im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen". Archiv des Völkerrechts. 10 (4): 377–415. ISSN 0003-892X. JSTOR 40796759.

[2] Kelsen, Hans. “Organization and Procedure of the Security Council of the United Nations.” Harvard Law Review, vol. 59, no. 7, 1946, pp. 1087–121. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1335164. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.

[3] Padelford, Norman J. “The Use of the Veto.” International Organization, vol. 2, no. 2, 1948, pp. 227–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3030288. Accessed 20 Aug. 2024.

[Schindlmayr2001-4] "Obstructing the Security Council: The Use of the Veto in the Twentieth Century". Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international. 3 (2). Brill: 218–234. 2001. doi:10.1163/15718050120956965. ISSN 1388-199X.

[5] Prashad, Vijay (2020). Washington Bullets. New York: Monthly Review Press. hlm. 37–38. ISBN 978-1-58367-906-7.

[putin2013-6] Putin, Vladimir V. (11 September 2013). "What Putin Has to Say to Americans About Syria". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 28 January 2018. The United Nations' founders understood that decisions affecting war and peace should happen only by consensus, and with America's consent the veto by Security Council permanent members was enshrined in the United Nations Charter. The profound wisdom of this has underpinned the stability of international relations for decades.

[wangyi-7] "Wang Yi: China Is Participant, Facilitator and Contributor of International Order". Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Los Angeles. 27 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 9 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 11 December 2017. China's veto at the Security Council has always played an important role in checking the instinct of war and resisting power politics.

[wilcox1945-8] Wilcox, Francis O. (October 1945). "II. The Yalta Voting Formula". The American Political Science Review. 39 (5): 943–956. doi:10.2307/1950035. JSTOR 1950035. S2CID 143510142.

[9] Oliphant, Roland (4 October 2016). "'End Security Council veto' to halt Syria violence, UN human rights chief says amid deadlock". The Telegraph. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 12 January 2022.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

l b s Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB)
Sistem PBB	Negara anggota Pengamat Majelis Umum Dewan Keamanan Dewan Ekonomi dan Sosial Sekretariat (Sekretaris Jenderal) Dewan Perwalian Mahkamah Internasional
Program dan lembaga	FAO IAEA ICAO IFAD ILO IMF IMO IPCC ITU OHCHR UNCHR UNCTAD UNDCP UNDP UNEP UNESCO UNFIP UNFPA UNHCR UNHRC UN-HABITAT UNIC UNICEF UNIDO UNOCHA UNODC UNRWA UNU UNV UN Women UNWTO UPU WFP WHO WIPO WMO
Resolusi	Majelis Umum Dewan Keamanan
Topik terkait	Indonesia dan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Bendera (Honour Flag) Markas Besar Piagam Rio+20 Tanda Penghargaan Universitas Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa