Bronx

The Bronx
The Bronx
Borough of New York City
	Bronx County
	Motto: "Ne cede malis" (Jangan beri kesempatan kepada iblis)
	The Bronx is shown in orange.
Negara	Amerika Serikat
Negara Bagian	New York
County	Bronx
Kota	New York City
Dibentuk	1898 (County tahun 1914)
Pemerintahan
• Jenis	Borough (New York City)
• Presiden Borough	Ruben Diaz, Jr.; — (Borough of the Bronx)
• Jaksa Distrik	Robert T. Johnson; — (Bronx County)
Luas
• Total	57 sq mi (150 km2)
• Luas daratan	42 sq mi (110 km2)
• Luas perairan	15 sq mi (40 km2)
Ketinggian tertinggi	280 ft (90 m)
Populasi (1 Juli 2009 (Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat))
• Total	1.397.287
• Kepadatan	33.269/sq mi (12,845/km2)
Zona waktu	UTC-5 (Waktu Standar Timur (Amerika Utara))
• Musim panas (DST)	UTC-4 (Waktu Musim Panas Timur)
Kode pos	104 + dua digit
Kode area telepon	718, 347
Situs web	Situs Web Resmi Presiden Borough Bronx

The Bronx adalah borough paling utara dari lima borough di New York City. Borough ini juga, dengan nama Bronx County, merupakan yang terakhir digabung ke negara bagian New York dari 62 county. Terletak di utara Manhattan dan Queens, dan selatan Westchester County, the Bronx merupakan satu-satunya borough yang terletak di daratan Amerika Serikat. Tahun 2010, Biro Sensus memperkirakan jumlah penduduk borough ini pada 1 Juli 2009 mencapai 1.397.287 jiwa,^[1] menempati wilayah seluas 42 mil persegi (109 km²). Ini menjadikan Bronx sebagai borough terpadat keempat, terbesar keempat menurut luas daratan, dan tertinggi ketiga menurut kepadatan penduduknya.^[2]^[3]

Ringkasan Lima Borough New York
Yursidiksi		Populasi	Luas Daratan
Borough	County	perkiraan 1 April 2010	mil persegi	km persegi
Manhattan	New York	1.585.873	23	59
the Bronx	Bronx	1.385.108	42	109
Brooklyn	Kings	2.504.700	71	183
Queens	Queens	2.230.722	109	283
Staten Island	Richmond	468.730	58	151
City of New York		8.175.133	303	786
Negara Bagian New York		19.378.102	47.214	122.284
Sumber: Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat^[1]^[3]^[4]

The Bronx dibelah oleh Bronx River hingga daerah berbukit di barat dekat Manhattan, dan dataran East Bronx dekat dengan Long Island. West Bronx dianeksasi ke New York City (kemudian digabungkan ke Manhattan) pada 1874, dan wilayah di timur Bronx River pada 1895. The Bronx pertama memperoleh status hukumnya ketika menjadi borough Greater New York tahun 1898. Bronx County, dengan perbatasan yang sama seperti borough, terpisah dari New York County (kemudian berdiri bersama Borough of Manhattan) pada 1 Januari 1914.^[5] Meskipun the Bronx merupakan county terpadat ketiga di AS,^[3] hampir seperempat wilayahnya berupa lapangan terbuka, termasuk Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, New York Botanical Garden dan Bronx Zoo di daerah utara dan tengah borough, di tanah yang dikhususkan pada akhir abad ke-19 sebagai pembangunan perkotaan yang berkembang ke utara dan timur dari Manhattan dengan pembangunan jalanan, jembatan dan rel kereta.

Bronx River dinamai sesuai Jonas Bronck, seorang pemukim awal dari Småland di Swedia yang tanahnya berbatasan dengan sungai di timur. Borough Bronx dinamai sesuai sungai tersebut yang dulunya bernama "Bronck's River". Indian Amerika Lenape (Delaware) terusir setelah 1643 oleh pendatang dari Belanda dan Britania Raya. Bronx mendapat banyak arus imigran Irlandia, Jerman, Yahudi dan Italia setelah populasi pedesaannya meledak antara pertengahan abad ke-19 dan 20. Sejarah mereka diteruskan setelah 1945 oleh Afrika Amerika dan Hispanik Amerika dari wilayah Karibia - khususnya Puerto Rico^[6] dan Republik Dominika, juga dari Jamaika. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, percampuran budaya ini telah menjadikan Bronx daerah subur bagi musik Latin dan hip hop.

The Bronx memiliki satu dari lima Distrik Kongres termiskin di AS (distrik ke-16), tetapi keragaman permukimannya juga mencakup daerah Riverdale dan Country Club. The Bronx, khususnya di South Bronx, mengalami penurunan populasi, rumah layak huni, dan kualitas hidup secara tajam pada akhir 1960-an dan 1970-an, sehingga menciptakan gelombang pencurian, tetapi telah memperlihatkan tanda-tanda pemulihan pada tahun-tahun terakhir.^[7]

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b Biro Sensus AS, Population Division, Table 5. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New York, Listed Alphabetically Within County: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (SUB-EST2009-05-36) and Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2009 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (SUB-EST2009-01), Release Date: June 2010, retrieved on July 31, 2010
^ Sementara the Bronx memiliki luas 42 mil persegi (109 km²), penduduknya lebih banyak dari ALaska dan Wyoming digabungkan, yaitu seluas 665.000 mil persegi (1.700.000 km²) menurut Tabel 348 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008 Ranked areas of the boroughs from U.S. Census Bureau, County and City Data Book:2007 Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c U.S. Census Bureau, County and City Data Book:2007 Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008. New York County (Manhattan) merupakan county terpadat di AS, diikuti Kings County (Brooklyn), Bronx County, Queens County dan San Francisco, California. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "density" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^ American Fact Finder (U.S. Census Bureau): New York by County - Table GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000 Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data, diakses pada 9 Februari 2009
^ On the start of business for Bronx County: Bronx County In Motion. New Officials All Find Work to Do on Their First Day. The New York Times, January 3, 1914 (PDF retrieved on June 26, 2008):
"Despite the fact that the new Bronx County Court House is not completed there was no delay yesterday in getting the court machinery in motion. All the new county officials were on hand and the County Clerk, the District Attorney, the Surrogate, and the County Judge soon had things in working order. The seal to be used by the new county was selected by County Judge Louis D. Gibbs. It is circular. In the centre is a seated figure of Justice. To her right is an American shield and over the figure is written 'Populi Suprema.' ..."

"Surrogate George M. S. Schulz, with his office force, was busy at the stroke of 9 o'clock. Two wills were filed in the early morning, but owing to the absence of a safe they were recorded and then returned to the attorneys for safe keeping. ..."

"There was a rush of business to the new County Clerk's office. Between seventy-five and a hundred men applied for first naturalization papers. Two certificates of incorporation were issued, and seventeen judgments, seven lis pendens, three mechanics' liens and one suit for negligence were filed."

"Sheriff O'Brien announced several additional appointments."
^ Braver (1998)
^ See the "Historical Populations" table in History above and its sources.

Pranala luar

Bronx Borough President's Office
The Bronx Times
Weekly Bronx Report from Inner City Press
Bronx County di Curlie (dari DMOZ)

Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata Bronx.

40°50′14″N 73°53′10″W / 40.8373°N 73.8860°W / 40.8373; -73.8860

[2009_est_pop-1] Biro Sensus AS, Population Division, Table 5. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New York, Listed Alphabetically Within County: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (SUB-EST2009-05-36) and Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2009 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (SUB-EST2009-01), Release Date: June 2010, retrieved on July 31, 2010

[2] Sementara the Bronx memiliki luas 42 mil persegi (109 km²), penduduknya lebih banyak dari ALaska dan Wyoming digabungkan, yaitu seluas 665.000 mil persegi (1.700.000 km²) menurut Tabel 348 Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008 Ranked areas of the boroughs from U.S. Census Bureau, County and City Data Book:2007 Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008.

[density-3] U.S. Census Bureau, County and City Data Book:2007 Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008. New York County (Manhattan) merupakan county terpadat di AS, diikuti Kings County (Brooklyn), Bronx County, Queens County dan San Francisco, California. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "density" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda

[area-4] American Fact Finder (U.S. Census Bureau): New York by County - Table GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000 Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data, diakses pada 9 Februari 2009

[courtstart-5] On the start of business for Bronx County: Bronx County In Motion. New Officials All Find Work to Do on Their First Day. The New York Times, January 3, 1914 (PDF retrieved on June 26, 2008):
"Despite the fact that the new Bronx County Court House is not completed there was no delay yesterday in getting the court machinery in motion. All the new county officials were on hand and the County Clerk, the District Attorney, the Surrogate, and the County Judge soon had things in working order. The seal to be used by the new county was selected by County Judge Louis D. Gibbs. It is circular. In the centre is a seated figure of Justice. To her right is an American shield and over the figure is written 'Populi Suprema.' ..."

"Surrogate George M. S. Schulz, with his office force, was busy at the stroke of 9 o'clock. Two wills were filed in the early morning, but owing to the absence of a safe they were recorded and then returned to the attorneys for safe keeping. ..."

"There was a rush of business to the new County Clerk's office. Between seventy-five and a hundred men applied for first naturalization papers. Two certificates of incorporation were issued, and seventeen judgments, seven lis pendens, three mechanics' liens and one suit for negligence were filed."

"Sheriff O'Brien announced several additional appointments."

[6] Braver (1998)

[7] See the "Historical Populations" table in History above and its sources.

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