Synapsida

Synapsids Rentang fosil: 320-100Ma. Descendant taxon Mammalia survives to present. PraЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dimetrodon grandis skeleton at the National Museum of Natural History of U.S.A.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kingdom:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Subfilum:	Vertebrata
Infrafilum:	Gnathostomata
Superkelas:	Tetrapoda
(Tidak termasuk)	Amniota
Kelas:	Synapsida Osborn, 1903
Orders & Suborders
Order Pelycosauria * Suborder Caseasauria Suborder Eupelycosauria * Order Therapsida * Suborder Biarmosuchia Suborder Dinocephalia Suborder Anomodontia Suborder Gorgonopsia Suborder Therocephalia Suborder Cynodontia * For complete phylogeny, see text.
Sinonim
Theropsida

Synapsida ('fused arch'), atau theropsida ('wajah hewan'), kelas hewan yang termasuk mamalia dan segala kerabat dekatnya selain amniota hidup lainnya. Anggota non-mamalia disebut sebagai reptil mirip mammalia dalam sistematika klasik, tetapi disebut "mamalia batang" atau "proto-mammalia" dalam terminologi cladistic.

Taksonomi

Classification

• Series Amniota
  • CLASS SYNAPSIDA *
    • Order Pelycosauria *
      • Suborder Caseasauria
      • Suborder Eupelycosauria *
        • Family Varanopseidae
        • Family Ophiacodontidae
        • Family Edaphosauridae
        • Family Sphenacodontidae *
    • Order Therapsida *
      • Suborder Biarmosuchia *
      • Suborder Dinocephalia
      • Suborder Anomodontia
      • Suborder Gorgonopsia
      • Suborder Therocephalia
      • Suborder Cynodontia *
        • Family Probainognathidae
        • Superfamily Chiniquodontoidea *
  • CLASS MAMMALIA

Filogeni

Synapsida

Caseasauria Eupelycosauria Varanopseidae Ophiacodontidae Edaphosauridae Sphenacodontia Sphenacodontidae Therapsida Biarmosuchia Eotitanosuchus Eutherapsida Dinocephalia Neotherapsida Anomodontia Theriodontia Gorgonopsia Eutheriodontia Therocephalia Cynodontia Dvinia Procynosuchidae Epicynodontia Thrinaxodon Eucynodontia {{|1=Cynognathus 2=Traversodontidae}} label2=Probainognathia 2=Chiniquodontidae}} label2=Mammaliaformes

Referensi

• Benton, Michael J. (2005). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd. ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
• Bramble, D. M. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. doi:10.1126/science.8211141. 
• Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York: W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-1822-7.
• Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26. 
• Hoyt, Donald F. (1997). Synapsid Reptiles. Zoo 138 Vertebrate Zoology Home Page.
• Lambert, David (2001). Dinosaur Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-7894-7935-4.
• Laurin, Michel, and Robert R. Reisz (2007). Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives. Version 6 April 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project.

Bacaan Lanjut

• Colbert, E. H. (1969). Evolution of the Vertebrates (edisi ke-2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 0471164666. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)

Lihat pula

• Anapsida
• Diapsida
• Euryapsida
• Daftar synapsida
• Klasifikasi mamalia
• Mamalia prasejarah
• Paleontology Vertebrata
• Garis waktu evolusi

Pranala luar

• Synapsida - Pelycosauria - at Palaeos
• Transitional Vertebrate Fossils - includes description of important transitional genera in the evolutionary sequence linking primitive synapsids to mammals