Klonidin

Klonidin
Nama sistematis (IUPAC)
	N-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-4,5--1H-imidazol-2-amine
Data klinis
Nama dagang	Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682243
Data lisensi	US Daily Med:pranala
Kat. kehamilan	B3(AU)
Status hukum	Harus dengan resep dokter (S4) (AU) ℞-only (CA) POM (UK) ℞-only (US)
Rute	By mouth, epidural, intravenous (IV), transdermal, topical
Data farmakokinetik
Bioavailabilitas	70–80% (oral), 60–70% (transdermal)
Ikatan protein	20–40%
Metabolisme	Liver to inactive metabolites, 2/3 CYP2D6
Waktu paruh	IR: 12–16 hours; 41 hours in kidney failure, 48 hours for repeated dosing
Ekskresi	Urine (72%)
Pengenal
Nomor CAS	4205-90-7
Kode ATC	C02AC01
PubChem	CID 2803
Ligan IUPHAR	516
DrugBank	DB00575
ChemSpider	2701
UNII	MN3L5RMN02
KEGG	D00281
ChEBI	CHEBI:3757
ChEMBL	CHEMBL134
Data kimia
Rumus	C9H9Cl2N3
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14) ; Key:GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

Klonidin adalah obat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah dengan menurunkan kadar bahan kimia tertentu dalam darah. Penggunaan obat klonidin berefek pembuluh darah menjadi rileks dan jantung berdetak lebih lambat. Obat klonidin digunakan untuk mengobati hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi).^[8]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama davies
^ "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. The pharmacokinetics of clonidine is dose-proportional in the range of 100 to 600 µg.The absolute bioavailability of clonidine on oral administration is 70% to 80%. Peak plasma clonidine levels are attained in approximately 1 to 3 hours.
^ ^a ^b Lowenthal DT, Matzek KM, MacGregor TR (May 1988). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of clonidine". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 14 (5): 287–310. doi:10.2165/00003088-198814050-00002. PMID 3293868.
^ ^a ^b ^c "clonidine (Rx) - Catapres, Catapres-TTS, more." Medscape Reference. WebMD. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2013.
^ Claessens AJ, Risler LJ, Eyal S, Shen DD, Easterling TR, Hebert MF (September 2010). "CYP2D6 mediates 4-hydroxylation of clonidine in vitro: implication for pregnancy-induced changes in clonidine clearance". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (9): 1393–1396. doi:10.1124/dmd.110.033878. PMC 2939473 . PMID 20570945.
^ "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. Following intravenous administration, clonidine displays biphasic disposition with a distribution half-life of about 20 minutes and an elimination half-life ranging from 12 to 16 hours. The half-life increases up to 41 hours in patients with severe impairment of renal function. Clonidine crosses the placental barrier. It has been shown to cross the blood–brain barrier in rats.
^ "Kapvay". RxList. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 October 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2014.
^ https://www.drugs.com/clonidine.html. "Clonidine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings". Drugs.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-06-23.

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[davies-1] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama davies

[DailyMed_II-2] "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. The pharmacokinetics of clonidine is dose-proportional in the range of 100 to 600 µg.The absolute bioavailability of clonidine on oral administration is 70% to 80%. Peak plasma clonidine levels are attained in approximately 1 to 3 hours.

[clinp-3] Lowenthal DT, Matzek KM, MacGregor TR (May 1988). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of clonidine". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 14 (5): 287–310. doi:10.2165/00003088-198814050-00002. PMID 3293868.

[MSR-4] "clonidine (Rx) - Catapres, Catapres-TTS, more." Medscape Reference. WebMD. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2013.

[cypmetabolism-5] Claessens AJ, Risler LJ, Eyal S, Shen DD, Easterling TR, Hebert MF (September 2010). "CYP2D6 mediates 4-hydroxylation of clonidine in vitro: implication for pregnancy-induced changes in clonidine clearance". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (9): 1393–1396. doi:10.1124/dmd.110.033878. PMC 2939473 . PMID 20570945.

[DailyMed_III-6] "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. Following intravenous administration, clonidine displays biphasic disposition with a distribution half-life of about 20 minutes and an elimination half-life ranging from 12 to 16 hours. The half-life increases up to 41 hours in patients with severe impairment of renal function. Clonidine crosses the placental barrier. It has been shown to cross the blood–brain barrier in rats.

[7] "Kapvay". RxList. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 October 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2014.

[8] ttps://www.drugs.com/clonidine.html. "Clonidine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings". Drugs.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-06-23.

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