Kratom

Kratom
Kratom ;
Mitragyna speciosa
Status konservasi
	Risiko rendah
IUCN	192376330
Taksonomi
Divisi	Tracheophyta
Subdivisi	Spermatophytes
Klad	Angiospermae
Klad	mesangiosperms
Klad	eudicots
Klad	core eudicots
Klad	asterids
Klad	lamiids
Ordo	Gentianales
Famili	Rubiaceae
Genus	Mitragyna
Spesies	Mitragyna speciosa ; Haviland
Tata nama
Sinonim takson	Nauclea korthalsii Steud. nom. inval.; Nauclea luzoniensis Blanco; Nauclea speciosa (Korth.) Miq.; Stephegyne speciosa Korth.;
	l; b; s;

Kratom atau juga dikenal dengan nama Biek atau Ketum adalah sejenis tumbuhan dari famili Rubiaceae yang banyak terdapat di Afrika, di bagian utara dan tengah Semenanjung Malaysia serta di selatan Thailand. Di Thailand, tumbuhan ini disebut Kakuam, Ithang atau Thom.Kratom mempunyai zat opioid dan berakibat seperti obat perangsang.^[2]^[3]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. is an accepted name . Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
^ Gottlieb, Scott (6 February 2018). "Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency's scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse". US Food and Drug Administration. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2018.
^ Cinosi, E; Martinotti, G; Simonato, P; Singh, D; Demetrovics, Z; Roman-Urrestarazu, A; Bersani, F. S; Vicknasingam, B; Piazzon, G; Li, J. H; Yu, W. J; Kapitány-Fövény, M; Farkas, J; Di Giannantonio, M; Corazza, O (2015). "Following "the Roots" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries". BioMed Research International. 2015: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2015/968786. PMC 4657101 . PMID 26640804.

[1] Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. is an accepted name . Theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2013-12-26.

[FDA2018-2] Gottlieb, Scott (6 February 2018). "Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on the agency's scientific evidence on the presence of opioid compounds in kratom, underscoring its potential for abuse". US Food and Drug Administration. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2018.

[Cin2015-3] Cinosi, E; Martinotti, G; Simonato, P; Singh, D; Demetrovics, Z; Roman-Urrestarazu, A; Bersani, F. S; Vicknasingam, B; Piazzon, G; Li, J. H; Yu, W. J; Kapitány-Fövény, M; Farkas, J; Di Giannantonio, M; Corazza, O (2015). "Following "the Roots" of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries". BioMed Research International. 2015: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2015/968786. PMC 4657101 . PMID 26640804.

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[2]

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