Kurt Vonnegut: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Baris 86: Baris 86:
== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==


=== Rujukan ===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=20em}}

=== Sumber ===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite web|last1=Allen|first1=William R.|authorlink=William Rodney Allen|title=A Brief Biography of Kurt Vonnegut|url=http://www.vonnegutlibrary.org/about/|publisher=[[Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118200315/http://www.vonnegutlibrary.org/about/|archivedate=January 18, 2015|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Allen|first1=William R.|title=Understanding Kurt Vonnegut|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-87249-722-1|ref=harv|year=1991}}
* {{cite news|last1=Banach|first1=Je|title=Laughing in the Face of Death: A Vonnegut Roundtable|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2013/04/11/laughing-in-the-face-of-death-a-vonnegut-roundtable/|work=[[The Paris Review]]|date=April 11, 2013|ref=harv|accessdate=August 13, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Barsamian|first1=David|authorlink=David Barsamian|title=Louder Than Bombs: Interviews from the Progressive Magazine|year=2004|publisher=South End Press|isbn=978-0-89608-725-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWQkIPrIAAsC|ref=harv}}
* {{cite news|last1=Blount Jr.|first1=Roy|authorlink=Roy Blount Jr.|title=So It Goes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/books/review/Blount-t.html?pagewanted=all|work=[[The New York Times]]|department=Sunday Book Review|date=May 4, 2008|accessdate=August 14, 2015|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|ref=harv|volume=11|title=Slaughterhouse-Five: Kurt Vonnegut Jr.|last=Boomhower|first=Ray E.|year=1999|journal=Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History|issn=1040-788X|publisher=[[Indiana Historical Society]]|issue=2|pages=42–47}}
* {{cite news|title=Obituary of Kurt Vonnegut: Guru of the counterculture whose science fiction novel ''Slaughterhouse-Five'', inspired by his survival of the Dresden bombings, became an anti-war classic|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=May 13, 2007|p=25|ref={{sfnRef|Daily Telegraph 2007}}}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2011/10/24/culture/vonnegut-library.html|title=Treasures of the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library|last=Dalton|first=Corey M.|date=October 24, 2011|work=[[The Saturday Evening Post]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209204701/http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2011/10/24/culture/vonnegut-library.html|archivedate=December 9, 2014|accessdate=August 14, 2015|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Davis|first=Todd F.|title=Kurt Vonnegut's Crusade|ref=harv|isbn=978-0-7914-6675-9|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2006}}
* {{cite news|last1=Extence|first1=Gavin|title=Most of What I Know about Writing, I Learned from Kurt Vonnegut|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gavin-extence-/most-of-what-i-know-about_b_3497050.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=June 25, 2013|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Farrell|first=Susan E.|title=Critical Companion to Kurt Vonnegut: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0023-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Freese |first=Peter |chapter='Instructions for use': the opening chapter of ''Slaughterhouse-Five'' and the reader of historiographical metafictions |editor-last=Tally |editor-first=Robert T. Jr. |title=Kurt Vonnegut |series=Critical Insights |publisher=Salem Press |year=2013 |pp=95–117|isbn=978-1-4298-3848-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite news|last1=Gannon|first1=Matthew|last2=Taylor|first2=Wilson|title=The working class needs its next Kurt Vonnegut|url=http://www.salon.com/2013/09/04/kurt_vonneguts_pro_labor_leanings_partner/|work=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|publisher=[[Salon.com]]|date=September 4, 2013|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite news|last1=Grossman|first1=Lev|authorlink=Lev Grossman|title=Kurt Vonnegut, 1922–2007|url=http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1609650,00.html|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 12, 2007|ref=harv}}
* {{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Paul|title=Kurt Vonnegut's dark, sad, cruel side is laid bare|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/dec/03/kurt-vonnegut-biography|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 3, 2011|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Hattenhauer|first=Darryl |volume=35 |issue=4|title=The Politics of Kurt Vonnegut's 'Harrison Bergeron'|ref=harv|journal=Studies in Short Fiction|pages=387–392|year=1998|issn=0039-3789|url=http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=d8b269e3-574e-4ab2-be7e-ba8ab948310c%40sessionmgr112&vid=9&hid=128|subscription=yes}}
* {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Hayman|first1=David|last2=Michaelis|first2=David|last3=Plimpton|first3=George|last4=Rhodes|first4=David|title=Kurt Vonnegut, The Art of Fiction No. 64|journal=[[The Paris Review]]|year=1977|volume=69|pages=55–103|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3605/the-art-of-fiction-no-64-kurt-vonnegut|display-authors=2|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205190212/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/3605/the-art-of-fiction-no-64-kurt-vonnegut|archivedate=February 5, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Hischak|first1=Thomas S.|title=American Literature on Stage and Screen: 525 Works and Their Adaptations|year=2012|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-0-7864-9279-4|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Jensen|first=Mikkel |volume=74 |issue=1|title= Janus-Headed Postmodernism: The Opening Lines of ''Slaughterhouse-Five''|ref=harv|journal=[[The Explicator]]|pages=8–11|year=2016|issn= 1939-926X|url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00144940.2015.1133546?journalCode=vexp20 |subscription=yes|doi=10.1080/00144940.2015.1133546 }}
* {{cite web|last1=Kohn|first1=Martin|title=''God Bless You Dr. Kevorkian'' listing|url=http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/11834|publisher=New York University School of Medicine|ref=harv|date=March 28, 2001|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kunze|first1=Peter C.|last2=Tally|first2=Robert T. Jr.|title=Vonnegut's sense of humor|accessdate=August 14, 2015|journal=Studies in American Humor|year=2012|volume=3|issue=26|pages=7–11|url=https://www.academia.edu/4949547/Vonneguts_Sense_of_Humor_with_Peter_C._Kunze_|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Leeds|first=Marc|year=1995|ref=harv|title=The Vonnegut Encyclopedia|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-29230-9}}
* {{cite news|last1=Lehmann-Haupt|first1=Christopher|title=Books of The Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/09/28/lifetimes/vonnegut-slapstick.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 24, 1976|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite news|last1=Lowery|first1=George|title=Kurt Vonnegut Jr., novelist, counterculture icon and Cornellian, dies at 84|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/04/kurt-vonnegut-jr-dies-84|work=[[Cornell Chronicle]]|date=April 12, 2007|accessdate=August 14, 2015|archivedate=November 8, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108074722/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/04/kurt-vonnegut-jr-dies-84|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Marvin|first1=Thomas F.|title=Kurt Vonnegut: A Critical Companion|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29230-9}}
* {{cite news|last1=Morais|first1=Betsy|title=The Neverending Campaign to Ban 'Slaughterhouse Five'|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/08/the-neverending-campaign-to-ban-slaughterhouse-five/243525/|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=August 12, 2011|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Morse |first=Donald E. |chapter=The curious reception of Kurt Vonnegut |editor-last=Tally |editor-first=Robert T. Jr. |title=Kurt Vonnegut |series=Critical Insights |publisher=Salem Press |year=2013 |pp=42–59 |isbn=978-1-4298-3848-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Morse|first1=Donald E.|title=The Novels of Kurt Vonnegut: Imagining Being an American|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-29230-9}}
* {{cite news|last=Niose|first=David A.|title=Kurt Vonnegut saw humanism as a way to build a better world.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-166051077.html|work=The Humanist {{subscription required|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}|date=July 1, 2007|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite news|last=Rodriguez|first=Gregory|title=The kindness of Kurt Vonnegut|url=http://www.latimes.com/la-oe-rodriguez16apr16-column.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=April 16, 2007|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|first=Michael D.|last=Sharp|title=Popular Contemporary Writers|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Reference|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7614-7601-6|volume=10|via=[[Questia]]|subscription=yes}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|first=Charles J.|last=Shields|title=And So It Goes: Kurt Vonnegut, a Life|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8050-8693-5}}
* {{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Dinitia|title=Kurt Vonnegut, Counterculture's Novelist, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/teachers/featured_articles/20070413friday.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 13, 2007|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Sumner|first1=Gregory|title=Vonnegut, Kurt Jr.|journal=[[American National Biography Online]]|date=2014|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/16/16-03912.html|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|ref=harv|subscription=yes|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tally|first=Robert T. Jr.|title=Kurt Vonnegut and the American Novel: A Postmodern Iconography|publisher=Continuum Books|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4411-6445-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Tally |first=Robert T. Jr. |chapter=On Kurt Vonnegut |editor-last=Tally |editor-first=Robert T. Jr. |title=Kurt Vonnegut |series=Critical Insights |publisher=Salem Press |year=2013 |pp=3–17 |isbn=978-1-4298-3848-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Thomas|first1=Peter L.|title=Reading, Learning, Teaching Kurt Vonnegut|year=2006|publisher=[[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]|isbn=978-0-8204-6337-7}}
* {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8574157.stm|date=March 18, 2010|title=Up to 25,000 died in Dresden's WWII bombing – report|publisher=[[BBC]]|ref={{sfnRef|BBC|2010}}|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite news|last=Vitale|first=Tom|title=Kurt Vonnegut: Still Speaking To The War Weary|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/05/31/136823289/kurt-vonnegut-still-speaking-to-the-war-weary|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=May 31, 2011|accessdate=August 13, 2015|ref={{sfnRef|NPR|2011}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=Vonnegut|first1=Kurt|title=''A Man Without A Country'', "Custodians of chaos"|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/jan/21/kurtvonnegut|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=January 21, 2006|ref={{sfnRef|Vonnegut|2006b}}|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vonnegut|first1=Kurt|title=God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian|year=1999|publisher=Seven Stories Press|isbn=978-1-58322-020-7|ref=harv}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/kurt-vonnegut-his-time-pow-91061|title=Kurt Vonnegut on His Time as a POW|last=Vonnegut|first=Kurt|date=June 28, 2008|work=[[Newsweek]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301212654/http://www.newsweek.com/kurt-vonnegut-his-time-pow-91061|archivedate=March 1, 2015|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vonnegut|first1=Kurt|title=Palm Sunday: An Autobiographical Collage|publisher=Dell Publishing|isbn=0440571634|ref=harv|year=1982}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vonnegut|first1=Kurt|title=Palm Sunday: An Autobiographical Collage|publisher=Random House Publishing|isbn=978-0-307-56806-9|ref=harv|year=2009}}
* {{cite book|last1=Vonnegut|first1=Kurt|title=Wampeters, Foma & Granfalloons|year=2006|publisher=Dial Press|isbn=978-0-385-33381-8|ref={{sfnRef|Vonnegut|2006a}}}}
* {{cite news|last1=Wolff|first1=Gregory|title=A Wildly Improbable Gang Of Nine|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/25/books/a-wildly-improbable-gang-of-nine.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 25, 1987|ref=harv|accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Zinn|first1=Howard|last2=Arnove|first2=Anthony|title=Voices of A People's History of the United States|year=2009|publisher=Seven Stories Press|isbn=978-1-58322-916-3|ref=harv}}
{{div col end}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==

Revisi per 24 Oktober 2018 11.28

Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Lahir11 November 1922
Indianapolis, Indiana, AS
Meninggal11 April 2007
New York City, New York, AS
PekerjaanNovelis, Penulis esai
KebangsaanAmerika
Periode1950-2005
GenreSastra fiksi

Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (/ˈvɒnəɡət/;[1] 12 November 1922 – 11 April 2007) adalah seorang penulis Amerika Serikat. Selama lima puluh tahun, Vonnegut menghasilkan empat belas novel, tiga koleksi cerita pendek, lima naskah drama, dan lima karya non-fiksi. Dia terkenal karena novel satir gelapnya Slaughterhouse-Five (1969).

Lahir dan besar di Indianapolis, Indiana, Vonnegut pernah berkuliah di Universitas Cornell. Ia keluar pada bulan 1943 dan bergabung dengan Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat. Selama dinas militernya, dia belajar teknik mesin di Institut Teknologi Carnegie dan Universitas Tennessee. Dia kemudian dikirim ke Eropa untuk bertempur di Perang Dunia Kedua dan tertawan oleh pasukan Jerman pada saat Pertempuran Bulge. Vonnegut ditawan di Dresden dan selamat dari pengeboman Sekutu atas kota itu dengan berlindung pada sebuah peti daging di rumah potong tempatnya ditawan. Setelah perang usai, Vonnegut menikahi Jane Marie Cox; pernikahan itu menghasilkan tiga orang anak.

Vonnegut menerbitkan novel pertamanya, Player Piano, pada 1952. Novel itu mendapat tanggapan yang baik namun tidak berhasil secara komersial. Sepanjang dua puluh tahun setelahnya, dia menulis novel-novel yang hanya hampir-hampir sukses, seperti Cat's Cradle (1963) dan God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater (1964). Baru pada novel keenam, Slaughterhouse-Five, Vonnegut mendapat ketenaran. Sentimen anti-perang yang diusung novel tersebut beresonansi dengan para pembacanya, terlebih dengan sedang berlangsungnya Perang Vietnam. Setelah terbit, Slaughterhouse-Five memuncaki daftar buku terlaris The New York Times. Ketenaran barunya menyebabkan Vonnegut banyak mendapat undangan untuk berceramah dan menerima banyak penghargaan.

Di masa penghujung kariernya, Vonnegut menerbitkan beberapa koleksi esai otobiografis dan koleksi cerita pendek, seperti Fates Worse Than Death (1991) dan A Man Without a Country (2005). Baru setelah kematiannyalah Vonnegut disanjung sebagai seorang pengamat-penulis yang kritis, ironis, dan gelap, namun tak menyingkirkan tempatnya sebagai salah satu penulis dunia kontemporer yang paling berpengaruh. Putranya Mark Vonnegut menerbitkan himpunan tulisan-tulisan ayahnya yang belum sempat diterbitkan, berjudul Armageddon in Retrospect. Pada tahun 2017, Seven Stories Press published Complete Stories, sebuah koleksi cerita fiksi pendek karyanya, termasuk lima buah yang belum pernah diterbitkan. Complete Stories dihimpun dan diperkenalkan pada khalayak oleh sahabat Vonnegut Jerome Klinkowitz dan Dan Wakefield. Beberapa karya ilmiah juga telah memeriksa dan menguji karya dan humor yang membuat Vonnegut terkenal.

Karya

Daftar ini hampir seluruhnya diambil dari buku Thomas F. Marvin, Kurt Vonnegut: A Critical Companion (2002), dan tahun di dalam kurung menunjukkan kapan karya tersebut pertama kali diterbitkan:[2]

Referensi

Rujukan

  1. ^ "How to pronounce Kurt Vonnegut". Bookbrowse.com. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2017. 
  2. ^ Marvin 2002, hlm. 157–158.
  3. ^ Smith 2007.

Sumber

Pranala luar