Dolikhos (balap)

Dolikhos (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Δόλιχος, translit. Dólikhos, har. 'balap panjang') dalam Olimpiade Kuno adalah lomba balap dengan panjang sekitar 4.800 meter diperkenalkan pada tahun 720 SM. Catatan terpisah dari balap ini menyajikan bukti yang bertentangan tentang panjang sebenarnya dari dolikhos. Namun, rata-rata panjang balapan yang dinyatakan adalah sekitar 12,5 putaran, atau sekitar 4,8 kilometer (3 mil). Lomba ini diadakan mirip dengan maraton modern (pelari akan memulai dan mengakhiri acara mereka di tempat yang sama), tetapi jalur perlombaan akan melewati lapangan Olimpiade. Jalur ini sering mengapit kuil dan patung penting di tempat suci, melewati patung Nike di kuil Zeus sebelum kembali ke stadion.^[1]^[2]

Pemenang[sunting | sunting sumber]

Para pemenang Dolikhos sebagai berikut:^[3]

Akanthos dari Sparta (720 SM)
Ergoteles dari Himera (472 SM)
Ladas dari Argos (460 SM)
Aristaios dari Argos (420 SM)
Sotades dari Kreta (384 SM)
Malakos dari Makedonia (329 SM)
Aigeus dari Argos (328 SM)
Polites dari Keramos (69 M)

Dolikhos pada mata uang[sunting | sunting sumber]

Lomba dolikhos telah dipilih sebagai motif utama di banyak koin pengumpul. Salah satu sampel terbaru adalah koin peringatan Yunani senilai €10, dicetak pada tahun 2003 untuk memperingati Olimpiade Musim Panas 2004. Di bagian depan koin, tiga atlet modern berlari sambil memegang tongkat mereka, sementara di latar belakang, tiga atlet kuno ditampilkan berlari dolikhos.^[4]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Golden, hlm. 55. "Dolichos, "long race", one of the regular events of Greek competitive festivals. The dolichos varied in length from seven to twenty-four lengths of the STADIUM - from 1,400 to 4,800 Greek feet. The race at Olympia was apparently one of the longest; only men ran here - the first winner, in 720, was ACANTHUS of Sparta. However, dolichos was on the original programme for paides as well as men at the Pythian games and is attested at Nemea too. The dolichos for younger competitors may have been shorter (like all the footraces for boys and AGENEIOI Plato planned for his Cretan city). A horse (says Galen) would run dolichos better than a man. Among men, the ideal was a strong neck and shoulders - to hold up the hands during most of the race - and light, slender legs for a finishing sprint. A Bithynian nicknamed GRAUS won the Olympic dolichos three times in a row (? 213-221 CE) and FLAVIUS Metrobius claims 140 victories in the late first century CE. The achievement of POLITES of Caria, who won STADION, DIAULOS and dolichos on the same day at Olympia (69 BC), was as remarkable."
^ Miller, hlm. 32. "At the next Olympiad, in 720, a long-distance footrace called the dolichos was added to the program. The sources are not unanimous about the length of this race: some claim that it was twenty laps of the stadium track, others that it was twenty-four. It may have differed from site to site, but it was in the range of 7.5 to 9 kilometers. We can identify a dolichos in paintings where the runners' knees are low and barely bent, with the arms drawn close to the sides."
^ Christesen, Paul (2007). Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 528.
^ "Greek Commemorative Coins 2003". euro-master.eu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-20. Diakses tanggal 2008-10-14.

Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Golden, Mark. Sport in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0-415-24881-7
Miller, Stephen G. Ancient Greek Athletics: the events at Olympia, Delphi, Nemea, and Isthmia. Yale University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-300-11529-6

[1] Golden, hlm. 55. "Dolichos, "long race", one of the regular events of Greek competitive festivals. The dolichos varied in length from seven to twenty-four lengths of the STADIUM - from 1,400 to 4,800 Greek feet. The race at Olympia was apparently one of the longest; only men ran here - the first winner, in 720, was ACANTHUS of Sparta. However, dolichos was on the original programme for paides as well as men at the Pythian games and is attested at Nemea too. The dolichos for younger competitors may have been shorter (like all the footraces for boys and AGENEIOI Plato planned for his Cretan city). A horse (says Galen) would run dolichos better than a man. Among men, the ideal was a strong neck and shoulders - to hold up the hands during most of the race - and light, slender legs for a finishing sprint. A Bithynian nicknamed GRAUS won the Olympic dolichos three times in a row (? 213-221 CE) and FLAVIUS Metrobius claims 140 victories in the late first century CE. The achievement of POLITES of Caria, who won STADION, DIAULOS and dolichos on the same day at Olympia (69 BC), was as remarkable."

[2] Miller, hlm. 32. "At the next Olympiad, in 720, a long-distance footrace called the dolichos was added to the program. The sources are not unanimous about the length of this race: some claim that it was twenty laps of the stadium track, others that it was twenty-four. It may have differed from site to site, but it was in the range of 7.5 to 9 kilometers. We can identify a dolichos in paintings where the runners' knees are low and barely bent, with the arms drawn close to the sides."

[Christesen-3] Christesen, Paul (2007). Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 528.

[GCC2003-4] "Greek Commemorative Coins 2003". euro-master.eu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-20. Diakses tanggal 2008-10-14.

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