Denmark Amerika

Orang Denmark Amerika
*Danish Americans*
*Dansk-amerikanere*
Jumlah populasi
	1.215.809; 0,4% dari total populasi AS (2019)
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
	Minnesota, Wisconsin, Utah, Iowa, Washington, California, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota Utara, Dakota Selatan, Illinois dan Montana
Bahasa
	Inggris (dialek Amerika), Denmark
Agama
	Kekristenan (mayoritas Lutheran; yang lainnya yaitu Protestan, Kekatolikan dan Mormonisme)
Kelompok etnik terkait
	Orang Denmark, Orang Greenland, Orang Faroe Amerika, Orang Greenland Amerika, Orang Denmark Kanada, Orang Denmark Australia, Orang Skandinavia Amerika, Orang Norwegia Amerika, Orang Eropa Amerika

Orang Denmark Amerika (Inggris: Danish Americans, bahasa Denmark: Dansk-amerikanere) adalah orang Amerika yang memiliki asal usul leluhur dari Denmark baik sebagian atau seluruhnya. Diperkirakan terdapat 1.300.000 orang Amerika yang berasal dari atau keturunan dari orang Denmark.^[2]^[3]

Populasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Menurut sensus AS tahun 2000, negara bagian dengan populasi orang Denmark Amerika terbesar adalah sebagai berikut:

California - 207.030
Utah – 144.713
Minnesota – 88.924
Wisconsin – 72.160
Washington – 72.098
Indiana – 30.000

Penggunaan bahasa Denmark[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sekitar 30.000 orang Denmark Amerika masih menggunakan bahasa Denmark. Menurut Biro Sensus AS tahun 2000, 33.400 orang menuturkan bahasa Denmark di rumah; angka tersebut turun menjadi 29.467 pada lima tahun kemudian (American Community Survey, 2005), penurunan sebesar 11,8%.^[4]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "American Community Survey 2019 1-Year Estimates". data.census.gov. Diakses tanggal March 2, 2021.
^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal November 9, 2019.
^ John Mark Nielsen, and Peter L. Petersen. "Danish Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 1–14. online.
^ "Data Center Results – Compare". May 23, 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 23, 2011.

Bibliografi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Anderson, Iain. "‘We’re coming!’ Danish American identity, fraternity, and political remittances in the era of World War II." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46.6 (2020): 1094–1111.
Beasley, Norman. Knudsen: a Biography, New York: Whittlesey House, 1947.
Balogh, Laura Petersen. Karl Dane: A Biography and Filmography, Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2009.
Brøndal, Jørn. "Danish Americans as portrayed by Danish travel writers in the second half of the nineteenth century." in Nordic Whiteness and Migration to the USA: A Historical Exploration of Identity (2020).
Christensen, Thomas Peter. A History of the Danes in Iowa (Solvang, Calif., 1952), scholarly.
Croy, Homer Trigger Marshal. The Story of Chris Madsen, New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1958.
Davis, John L. The Danish Texans, San Antonio, TX: Institute of Texan Cultures, University of Texas, 1984.
DeLong, Lea Rosson. Christian Petersen: Sculptor, Ames, IA: Brunnier Art Museum, Iowa State University Press, 2000.
Evjen, John Oluf. Scandinavian Immigrants in New York 1630–1674, Minneapolis: K.C. Holter Pub., 1916.
Hvidt, Kristian. Flight to America: The Social Background of 300,000 Danish Emigrants (1975), scholarly study of emigration from 1868 to 1900.
Hvidt, Kristian. Danes Go West: A Book about the Emigration to America (Copenhagen, 1976), is a popularized account
Jensen, Carl Christian. An American Saga, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1927.
Jorgensen, Christine. Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography, New York: Paul S. Eriksson, Inc., 1967.
Marzolf, Marion. The Danish-language press in America (Ayer, 1979)
Mortensen, Enok. Danish-American life and letters (Ayer, 1979)
Nelson, O. N. History of the Scandinavians and Successful Scandinavians in the United States (2 vol 1904); 886pp online also online review
Nielsen, George R. The Danish-Americans (Twayne, 1981)
Nielsen, John Mark, and Peter L. Petersen. "Danish Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 1–14. online.
Nokkentved, Christian Ditlev. "Danes, Denmark And Racine, 1837–1924: A Study Of Danish And Overseas Migration" (PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1984. 8501251).
Paulsen, Frank M. Danish-American folk traditions: a study in fading survivals (Indiana University Press, 1967)
Price, Willadene. Gutzon Borglum: Artist and Patriot, New York: Rand McNally, 1961.
Sadik, Marvin. Christian Gullager: Portrait Painter to Federal America, Washington: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1976.
Shaff, Howard and Shaff, Audrey Karl. Six Wars at a Time: The life and times of Gutzon Borglum, Sioux Falls: Center for Western Studies, 1985.
Stølen, Marianne. "Codeswitching for humour and ethnic identity: Written Danish‐American occasional songs." Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development (1992) 13#1–2 pp: 215–228.
Thernstrom, Stephan, ed. Harvard Encyclopaedia of American Ethnic Groups (Harvard University Press, 1980) pp. 272–282.

Religion and schools[sunting | sunting sumber]

Anderson, . Arlow W. The Salt of the Earth: A History of Norwegian-Danish Methodism in America (1962)
Christensen, William E. Saga of the Tower: A History of Dana College and Trinity Seminary (1959)
Hansen, Thorvald. We Laid Foundation Here: The Early History of Grand View College (Des Moines, 1972)
Hansen, Thorvald. School in the Woods (Askov, Minn., 1977), the troubled history of the first Danish-American Lutheran seminary,
Jensen, John M. The United Evangelical Lutheran Church (1964)
Mortensen, Enok. The Danish Lutheran Church in America: The History and Heritage of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church (1967)
Mortensen, Enok. Schools for Life: A Danish-American Experiment in Adult Education (Askov, 1977), history of Grundtvigian folk schools in America.
Nyholm, Paul C. The Americanization of the Danish Lutheran Churches in America (Copenhagen, 1963)

In Danish[sunting | sunting sumber]

Christensen, Thomas Peter. Dansk Amerikansk historie, Cedar Falls, IA: K.C. Holst Pub., 1927.
Garde, H. F.. Peter Bentzon – en vestindisk guldsmed, Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift 1993:1, pp. 68–83.
Henius, Max. Den Danskfødte Amerikaner, Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel, 1912.
Hvidt, Kristian. Danske veje vestpå. Rebild National Park, 1976.
Jensen, Arne Hall. Den Dansk-Amerikanske Historie: En Udførlig Skildrig af de Danske Udvandrere til Amerika fra Tidligste Tid til Vore Dage, København: Arthur Jensens Forlag, 1937.
Sønnichsen, Ole, Rejsen til Amerika (Fortællingen om de danske udvandrere), Bind I: Drømmen om et nyt liv Diarsipkan September 2, 2019, di Wayback Machine. (Gyldendal 2013)
Sønnichsen, Ole, Rejsen til Amerika (Fortællingen om de danske udvandrere), Bind II: Jagten på lykken (Gyldendal 2015)–-
Vig, Peter Sørensen. Danske i Amerika, Minneapolis: C. Rasmussen Pub., 1907.
Vig, Peter Sørensen. Den danske udvandring til Amerika, Danish Luth. Pub. House, 1915.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Templat:Diaspora Denmark Templat:Orang Eropa Amerika

[1] "American Community Survey 2019 1-Year Estimates". data.census.gov. Diakses tanggal March 2, 2021.

[2] Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal November 9, 2019.

[3] John Mark Nielsen, and Peter L. Petersen. "Danish Americans." in Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 1–14. online.

[4] "Data Center Results – Compare". May 23, 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 23, 2011.

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