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{{kegunaanlain|Andrew Johnson}}
{{about|the President of the United States||Andrew Johnson (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2011}}
{{Infobox Politician
{{pp-move-indef}}
|name=Andrew Johnson
{{Infobox Officeholder
|nationality=Amerika
|image=Andrew Johnson - 3a53290u.png
|name = Andrew Johnson
|image = 16 Andrew Johnson 3x4-Edit1.jpg
|caption=Presiden Andrew Johnson, difoto tahun 1865 oleh [[Mathew Brady|Matthew Brady]]
|office = [[List of Presidents of the United States|17th]] [[President of the United States]]
|office=Presiden Amerika Serikat
|term_start = April 15, 1865
|order=17
|term_end = March 4, 1869
|vicepresident=Tidak ada
|predecessor = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|term_start=[[15 April]] [[1865]]
|successor = [[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]
|term_end=[[4 Maret]] [[1869]]
|office2 = [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|16th]] [[Vice President of the United States]]
|predecessor=[[Abraham Lincoln]]
|president2 = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|successor=[[Ulysses S. Grant]]
|term_start2 = March 4, 1865
|office2=Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat
|term_end2 = April 15, 1865
|order2=16
|predecessor2 = [[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|term_start2=[[4 Maret]] [[1865]]
|successor2 = [[Schuyler Colfax]]
|term_end2=[[15 April]] [[1865]]
|office5 = [[Governor of Tennessee]]
|president2=[[Abraham Lincoln]]
|term_start5 = October 17, 1853
|predecessor2=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|term_end5 = November 3, 1857
|successor2=[[Schuyler Colfax]]
|predecessor5 = [[William B. Campbell]]
|jr/sr3=Senator
|successor5 = [[Isham G. Harris]]
|state3=[[Tennessee]]
|office6 = Military Governor of Tennessee
|term_start3=[[8 Oktober]] [[1857]]
|term_end3=[[4 Maret]] [[1862]]
|term_start6 = March 12, 1862
|term_end6 = March 4, 1865
|preceded3=[[James C. Jones]]
|succeeded3=[[David T. Patterson]]
|predecessor6 = [[Isham G. Harris]]
|successor6 = [[Edward H. East]]<br><small>as Acting Governor</small>
|term_start4=[[4 Maret]] [[1875]]
|jr/sr3 = United States Senator
|term_end4=[[31 Juli]] [[1875]]
|state3 = [[Tennessee]]
|preceded4=[[William Gannaway Brownlow|William G. Brownlow]]
|term_start3 = March 4, 1875
|succeeded4=[[David M. Key]]
|term_end3 = July 31, 1875
|office5=Gubernur Tennessee
|predecessor3 = [[William Gannaway Brownlow|William Brownlow]]
|order=17
|successor3 = [[David M. Key|David Key]]
|term_start5=[[17 Oktober]] [[1853]]
|term_end5=[[3 November]] [[1857]]
|term_start4 = October 8, 1857
|term_end4 = March 4, 1862
|predecessor5=[[William B. Campbell]]
|predecessor4 = [[James C. Jones|James Jones]]
|successor5=[[Isham G. Harris]]
|successor4 = [[David T. Patterson|David Patterson]]
|birth_date={{birth date|1808|12|29}}
|state7 = [[Tennessee]]
|birth_place=[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
|district7 = [[Tennessee's 1st congressional district|1st]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1875|7|31|1808|12|29}}
|term_start7 = March 4, 1843
|death_place=[[Elizabethton, Tennessee]]
|term_end7 = March 3, 1853
|spouse=[[Eliza McCardle Johnson]]
|predecessor7 = [[Thomas Dickens Arnold|Thomas Arnold]]
|occupation=[[Penjahit]]
|successor7 = [[Brookins Campbell]]
|party=[[Sejarah Partai Demokrat (Amerika Serikat)|Demokrat]] hingga 1864 dan setelah 1869; terpilih menjadi Wakil Presiden pada 1864 yang dicalonkan [[Partai Uni Nasional (Amerika Serikat)|''National Union'']]; tidak ada partai afiliasi 1865–1869
|birth_date = {{birth date|1808|12|29}}
|signature=Andrew Johnson signature.gif
|birth_place = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[North Carolina]], U.S.
|religion=[[Kristen]] (tidak mempunyai denominasi tertentu; attended Catholic and Methodist services)<ref>[http://www.adherents.com/people/pj/Andrew_Johnson.html Adherents.com: The Religious Affiliation of Andrew Johnson]</ref>
|death_date = {{death date and age|1875|7|31|1808|12|29}}
|death_place = [[Elizabethton, Tennessee|Elizabethton]], [[Tennessee]], U.S.
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|otherparty = [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] <small>(1864–1868)</small>
|spouse = [[Eliza McCardle Johnson|Eliza McCardle]]
|children = Martha<br>Charles<br>Mary<br>Robert<br>Andrew
|profession = [[Tailor]]
|religion = [[Nondenominational Christianity|Non-denominational Christianity]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson/essays/biography/7 |title=American President: Andrew Johnson: Family Life |publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia |accessdate=May 26, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson And The Radicals |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14804076 |first=George Fort |last=Milton |publisher=Coward-McCann |year=1930 |pages=790 |page=80 |oclc=739916 |isbn=1417916583 |location=New York |quote=As for my religion, it is the doctrine of the Bible, as taught and practiced by Jesus Christ.}}</ref>
|signature = Andrew Johnson Signature.svg
|signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink
}}
}}
'''Andrew Johnson''' ({{lahirmati|[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]|29|12|1808|[[Elizabethton, Tennessee]]|31|7|1875}}) adalah presiden Amerika Serikat yang ke-17 dan menjabat pada [[1865]] hingga [[1869]].<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson</ref> Berdasarkan konstitusi, Andrew Johnson yang menjabat sebagai [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat|Wakil Presiden]] dengan sendirinya menjadi presiden ketika Presiden [[Abraham Lincoln]] wafat dalam peristiwa pembunuhan.<ref>Suhindriyo. 1999. Biografi Singkat Presiden-Presiden Amerika Serikat. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, hal.61.</ref>
'''Andrew Johnson''' ({{lahirmati|[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]|29|12|1808|[[Elizabethton, Tennessee]]|31|7|1875}}) adalah presiden Amerika Serikat yang ke-17 dan menjabat pada [[1865]] hingga [[1869]].<ref>http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson</ref> Berdasarkan konstitusi, Andrew Johnson yang menjabat sebagai [[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat|Wakil Presiden]] dengan sendirinya menjadi presiden ketika Presiden [[Abraham Lincoln]] wafat dalam peristiwa pembunuhan.<ref>Suhindriyo. 1999. Biografi Singkat Presiden-Presiden Amerika Serikat. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, hal.61.</ref>
Baris 70: Baris 80:
Pada [[1875]], enam tahun setelah ia meninggalkan gedung putih, Andrew Johnson kembali ke [[Washington DC]] sebagai Senator. Ia meninggal dunia beberapa bulan kemudian pada tanggal [[31 Juli]] [[1875]] setelah diserang penyakit lumpuh. Ia meninggalkan seorang isteri, tiga orang putera dan dua orang puteri.<ref>http://www.who2.com/andrewjohnson.html</ref>
Pada [[1875]], enam tahun setelah ia meninggalkan gedung putih, Andrew Johnson kembali ke [[Washington DC]] sebagai Senator. Ia meninggal dunia beberapa bulan kemudian pada tanggal [[31 Juli]] [[1875]] setelah diserang penyakit lumpuh. Ia meninggalkan seorang isteri, tiga orang putera dan dua orang puteri.<ref>http://www.who2.com/andrewjohnson.html</ref>


== Referensi ==
== Lihat juga ==
{{Portal box|United States Army|American Civil War|Biography|Tennessee}}
{{reflist}}
* [[Jenderal Perang Sipil Amerika|Daftar Jenderal Perang Sipil Amerika]]
* Buku Presiden - Presiden Amerika Serikat, diterbitkan oleh Dinas Penerangan dan Kebudayaan Amerika Serikat, Jakarta (2003)
* [[Pemilihan Umum Presiden Amerika Serikat, 1864]]
* [[Sejarah Amerika Serikat (1865-1918)]]
* [[Tennessee Johnson]]
* [[Daftar Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
* [[Presiden Amerika Serikat pada Perangko Amerika Serikat]]
{{-}}

== Bibliografi ==
* Beale, Howard K., ''The Critical Year. A Study of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction'' (1930). ISBN 0-8044-1085-2
* Benedict, Michael Les, ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104078634 The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson]'' (1999). ISBN 0-393-31982-2
* Boulard, Garry, "The Swing Around the Circle—Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency" (2008) ISBN 978-1-4401-0239-4
* Castel, Albert E., ''The Presidency of Andrew Johnson '' (1979). ISBN 0-7006-0190-2
* DeWitt, D. M., ''The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson'' (1903).
* Du Bois, W. E. B. 'The Transubstantiation of a Poor White' in ''Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880'' (1935). ISBN 0-527-25280-8.
* Dunning, W. A., ''[http://books.google.com/books/pdf/Essays_on_the_Civil_War_and_Reconstructi.pdf?Bvid=OCLC02117529&id=2j0OAAAAIAAJ&output=pdf&sig=rB1llLZw_3h735Oxn9Lb4ie7iOA Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction]'' (New York, 1898)
* [[William Archibald Dunning|Dunning, W. A.]], ''Reconstruction, Political and Economic'' (New York, 1907) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=16224153 online edition]
* Foster, G. Allen, ''Impeached: The President who almost lost his job'' (New York, 1964).
* Gordon-Reed, Annette ''Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 17th President, 1865-1869'', ISBN 0-8050-6948-8 .
** [http://www.booktv.org/Program/12207/Andrew+Johnson.aspx Gordon-Reed, Annette speaking on] [[CSPAN]] [[Booktv]] ''Andrew Johnson''
* Kennedy, John F., "Profiles In Courage" (2006)
* [[Mark Hatfield|Hatfield, Mark O.]], with the Senate Historical Office, Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993.(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997), p.&nbsp;219
* Mantell, Martin E. ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=89815306 Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction]'' (1973)
* McKitrick, Eric L., ''Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction'' (1961). ISBN 0-19-505707-4
* Means;Howard, ''The Avenger Takes His Place: Andrew Johnson and the 45 Days That Changed the Nation'' (New York, 2006)
* Milton; George Fort. ''The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals'' (1930) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14804076 online edition]
* Patton; James Welch. ''Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860–1869'' (1934) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=94962448 online edition]
* Rhodes; James Ford ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24644891 History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896]'' Volume: 6. 1920. Pulitzer prize.
* Schouler, James. ''[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC15799162&id=p4fAuPxMYPIC&printsec=toc&dq=annual+cyclopedia+1867 History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 7. 1865–1877. The Reconstruction Period]'' (1917)
* {{Cite book|ref=Schweikart and Allen|last=Schweikart|first=Larry|coauthors=Michael Allen|title=A Patriot's History of the United States|publisher=Easton Press|year=2004}}
* Sledge, James L. III. "Johnson, Andrew" in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. (2000)
* Stewart, David, O. ''Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy'' (2009) Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4165-4749-5.
* Stryker, Lloyd P., ''Andrew Johnson: A Study in Courage'' (1929). ISBN 0-403-01231-7 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=295401 online edition]
* {{cite book |last=Trefousse |first= Hans L. |title=Andrew Johnson: A Biography |year=1989 |ISBN= 0-393-31742-0 |publisher=Norton}}
* Winston; Robert W. ''Andrew Johnson: Plebeian and Patriot'' (1928) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3971949 online edition]

=== Sumber Primer ===
* Ralph W. Haskins, LeRoy P. Graf, and Paul H. Bergeron et al., eds. ''The Papers of Andrew Johnson'' 16 volumes; University of Tennessee Press, (1967–2000). ISBN 1-57233-091-0. Includes all letters and speeches by Johnson, and many letters written to him. Complete to 1875.
* [http://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/ Newspaper clippings, 1865–1869]
* [http://www.andrewjohnson.com/09ImpeachmentAndAcquittal/ImpeachmentAndAcquittal.htm Series of ''Harper's Weekly'' articles covering the impeachment controversy and trial]
* [http://starship.python.net/crew/manus/Presidents/aj2/aj2obit.html Johnson's obituary, from the ''New York Times'']

== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{sisterlinks|s=Author:Andrew Johnson}}
* [http://edisoneffect.blogspot.com/2009/09/impeachment-trial-of-president-johnson.html The Impeachment trial of President Johnson as reported in Harper's Monthly Magazine April 1868]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1229.html Obituary, NY Times, August 1, 1875, ''Andrew Johnson Dead'']
* [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/impeach/articles.html Articles of Impeachment]
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj17.html White House Biography]
* [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/andrew_johnson.pdf Vice Presidential biography. From the Senate Historical Office.]
* [http://www.mlwh.org/inside.asp?ID=91&subjectID=2 Mr. Lincoln's White House: Andrew Johnson]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/speeches/cleveland-speech.html Andrew Johnson Cleveland Speech (September 3, 1866)]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&fileName=069/llcg069.db&recNum=629 ''Congressional Globe'' transcript of Johnsons inaugural address]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/johnsonjohnson00andrrich ''Speeches of Andrew Johnson : President of the United States '' 1866 collection at archive.org]
* [http://discovergreeneville.com/andrewjohnson Andrew Johnson's 200th Birthday Celebration site at DiscoverGreeneville.com]
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/ajohnson/ Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/131.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Andrew Johnson Papers, 1846-1875]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp18.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of Governor Andrew Johnson, 1853-1857]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp20.pdf Tennessee State Library & Archives, Papers of (Military) Governor Andrew Johnson, 1862-1865]
* {{CongBio|J000116}} Retrieved on 2009-03-02
* [http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/johnson Essay on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs]
*[http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=17 Andrew Johnson] at [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]''

{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="background:#ccf;"|{{space|12}}<span style="font-size:110%;">Offices and distinctions</span>
|-
|
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Dickens Arnold|Thomas D. Arnold]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Tennessee's 1st congressional district]]|years=1843–1853}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brookins Campbell]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[William B. Campbell|William Campbell]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1853–1857}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Isham G. Harris|Isham Harris]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Isham G. Harris|Isham Harris]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1862–1865}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward H. East|Edward East]]<br><small>Acting Governor</small>}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1865}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Abraham Lincoln]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1865–1869}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]}}
|-
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James C. Jones|James Jones]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1857–1862|alongside=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], [[Alfred O. P. Nicholson|Alfred Nicholson]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David T. Patterson|David Patterson]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[William Gannaway Brownlow|William Brownlow]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1875|alongside=[[Henry Cooper (U.S. Senator)|Henry Cooper]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David M. Key|David Key]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[Vice President of the United States]]¹|years=[[United States presidential election, 1864|1864]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]]}}
|-
{{s-hon}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Millard Fillmore]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Oldest living United States president|Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1874–1875}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]}}
{{s-ref|Lincoln and Johnson ran on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket in 1864.}}
|}


== Lihat pula ==
{{wikiquote}}
{{S-start}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (Amerika Serikat)|Anggota DPR Amerika Serikat]] dari Distrik Kongresional Pertama Tennessee
|before=[[Thomas Dickens Arnold]]
|after=[[Brookins Campbell]]
|years=1843–1853}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Gubernur Tennessee]]
|before=[[William B. Campbell]]
|after=[[Isham G. Harris]]
|years=1853–1857}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Senator (Klas 1) Amerika Serikat dari Tennessee]]
|before=[[James C. Jones]]
|after=[[David T. Patterson]] <sup>(a)</sup>
|years=[[8 Oktober]] [[1857]] – [[4 Maret]] [[1862]] <br /> Jabatan dilanjutkan [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], [[Alfred O. P. Nicholson]]}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Gubernur Tennessee]]
|before=[[Isham G. Harris]]
|after=[[E. H. East]]
|years=1862 – 1865}}
{{succession box
|title= [[Partai Republiken (Amerika Serikat)|Kandidat Wakil Presiden Partai Republiken]]<sup>(b)</sup>
|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|years=[[Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat, 1864|1864]] (menang)
|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]] <sup>(c)</sup>}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]] <sup>(c)</sup>
|years=[[4 Maret]] [[1865]] – [[15 April]] [[1865]]}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
|before=[[Abraham Lincoln]]
|after=[[Ulysses S. Grant]]
|years=[[15 April]] [[1865]] – [[4 Maret]] [[1869]]}}
{{succession box
|title=[[Senator (Klas 1) Amerika Serikat dari Tennessee]]
|before=[[William Gannaway Brownlow]]
|after=[[David McKendree Key]]
|years=[[4 Maret]] [[1875]] – [[31 Juli]] [[1875]] <br /> Jabatan dilanjutkan [[Henry Cooper (Senator Amerika Serikat)|Henry Cooper]]}}
{{succession footnote
|marker=<sup>(a)</sup>
|footnote=Because of [[Tennessee]]'s secession, the Senate seat was vacant for four years before Patterson succeeded Johnson.}}
{{succession footnote
|marker=<sup>(b)</sup>
|footnote=Lincoln and Johnson ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.}}
{{succession footnote
|marker=<sup>(c)</sup>
|footnote=After Johnson became president in 1865, the Vice Presidency was vacant until [[Schuyler Colfax]] was inaugurated on [[4 March]] [[1869]].}}
{{End}}
{{USpresidents}}
{{USpresidents}}
{{US Vice Presidents}}
{{US Vice Presidents}}
{{lifetime|1808|1875|Johnson, Andrew}}


{{Persondata
[[Kategori:Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
|NAME= Johnson, Andrew
[[Kategori:Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
[[Kategori:Otodidak]]
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Presiden Amerika Serikat]] ke-17<br /> [[Persatuan (Persang Sipil Amerika)|Union]] [[Tentara Persatuan|Tentara]] [[Pangkat Jenderal|Jenderal]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=29 Desember 1808
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Raleigh, Karolina Utara]]
|DATE OF DEATH=31 Juli 1875
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Greeneville, Tennessee]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Andrew}}

[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1808]]
[[Kategori:Kematian 1875]]
[[Kategori:Warga Amerika Keturunan Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Warga Amerika Keturunan Scotch-Irlandia ]]
[[Kategori:Andrew Johnson|Andrew Johnson]]
[[Kategori:Kematian di Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Kematian dari stroke]]
[[Kategori:Presiden Amerika Serikat dari Partai Demokrat]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Negara Bagian Amerika Serikat dari Partai Demokrat]]
[[Kategori:Senator Amerika Serikat dari Partai Demokrat]]
[[Kategori:Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat dari Partai Demokrat]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Senator Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Amerika Serikat (1865-1918)]]
[[Kategori:Impeachment Pejabat Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Walikota Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amerika Serikat dari Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Rekonstruksi Orang Amerika]]
[[Kategori:Warga North Carolina dalam Perang Saudara Amerika]]
[[Kategori:Warga Tennessee dalam Perang Saudara Amerika]]
[[Kategori:Warga Greeneville, Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Warga Raleigh, North Carolina]]
[[Kategori:Presiden Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Calon Wakil Presiden Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Kota Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Demokrat Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Senator Negara Bagian Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Uni Jenderal Angkatan Darat]]
[[Kategori:Pemimpin Politik Bersatu]]
[[Kategori:Calon Presiden Amerika Serikat, 1860]]
[[Kategori:Calon Presiden Amerika Serikat, 1868]]
[[Kategori:Senator Amerika Serikat dari Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Calon Wakil Presiden Amerika Serikat, 1864]]
[[Kategori:Penjahit]]
[[Kategori:Personel Administrasi Lincoln]]


[[af:Andrew Johnson]]
[[af:Andrew Johnson]]

Revisi per 31 Januari 2012 07.30

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang the President of the United States. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Andrew Johnson (disambiguation).

Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States
Masa jabatan
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
Sebelum
Pengganti
Ulysses Grant
Sebelum
16th Vice President of the United States
Masa jabatan
March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
PresidenAbraham Lincoln
Sebelum
Sebelum
Senator Amerika Serikat
dari Tennessee
Masa jabatan
March 4, 1875 – July 31, 1875
Sebelum
Pengganti
David Key
Sebelum
Masa jabatan
October 8, 1857 – March 4, 1862
Sebelum
Pendahulu
James Jones
Sebelum
Governor of Tennessee
Masa jabatan
October 17, 1853 – November 3, 1857
Sebelum
Sebelum
Military Governor of Tennessee
Masa jabatan
March 12, 1862 – March 4, 1865
Sebelum
Pengganti
Edward H. East
as Acting Governor
Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat A.S.
dari dapil 1st Tennessee
Masa jabatan
March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1853
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Thomas Arnold
Sebelum
Informasi pribadi
Lahir(1808-12-29)29 Desember 1808
Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.
Meninggal31 Juli 1875(1875-07-31) (umur 66)
Elizabethton, Tennessee, U.S.
Partai politikDemocratic
Afiliasi politik
lainnya		National Union (1864–1868)
Suami/istriEliza McCardle
AnakMartha
Charles
Mary
Robert
Andrew
ProfesiTailor
Tanda tanganCursive signature in ink
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Andrew Johnson (29 Desember 1808 – 31 Juli 1875) adalah presiden Amerika Serikat yang ke-17 dan menjabat pada 1865 hingga 1869.[3] Berdasarkan konstitusi, Andrew Johnson yang menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden dengan sendirinya menjadi presiden ketika Presiden Abraham Lincoln wafat dalam peristiwa pembunuhan.[4]

Masa kecil

Andrew Johnson dilahirkan pada 29 Desember 1808.[butuh rujukan] Orang tuanya miskin.[butuh rujukan] Ayahnya seorang penjaga pintu disebuah tempat penginapan, dan ibunya bekas pelayan di penginapan tersebut.[5]

Andrew Johnson tidak pernah belajar di sekolah, tetapi mulai belajar sendiri pada usia yang masih muda.[butuh rujukan] Ketika muda ia bekerja pada seorang tukang jahit, dengan maksud untuk menjadi tukang jahit.[butuh rujukan] Tetapi ia kemudian melarikan diri ke sebuah kota di Tennessee dan di tempat itu ia membuka sebuah toko penjahit pakaian.[6]

Karier politik

Andrew Johnson menikahi puteri tukang sepatu.[butuh rujukan] Istrinya, yang berpendidikan baik, mendorong Andrew Johnson dalam usaha-usahanya untuk memerbaiki diri sendiri dengan belajar.[butuh rujukan] Dengan segera ia berhasil mengumpulkan kecakapan-kecakapan dan nama baik di kalangan masyarakat sebagai warga terkemuka.[butuh rujukan] Ia menaruh perhatian pada masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan dan pada akhirnya membawanya ke dunia politik.[butuh rujukan] Ia menjadi anggota Dewan Kotapraja, kemudian menjabat seagai wali kota, dan etelah itu wakil negara bagian dan senator.[7]

Pada usia 35 tahun ia menjadi anggota Kongres Amerika dan menjabatnya selama sepuluh tahun.[butuh rujukan] Kemudian ia menjadi Gubernur Tennesse dan sesudah itu menjadi senator selama lima tahun.[8]

Masa Kepresidenan

Pada 15 April 1865, setelah wafatnya Presiden Lincoln karena pembunuhan. Andrew Johnson diangkat menjadi presiden.[9]

Selama masa jabatannya, dua amandemen ditambahkan dalam kongres Amerika. Amandemen yang ditambahkan adalah[10]:

  1. Menghapuskan perbudakan di Amerika Serikat dan menetapkan orang-orang negro sebagai warga negara Amerika, dan melarang diskriminasi terhadap mereka. Undang-undang ini dikenal sebagai undang-undang Hak Sipil tahun 1866.
  2. Tidak ada negara bagian yang boleh mencabut jiwa, kebebasan atau harta benda seseorang tanpa melalui hukum yang berlaku.

Presiden Andrew Johnson adalah seorang anggota partai Demokrat, padahal Lincoln berasal dari Partai Republik.[butuh rujukan] Ia tidak didampingi wakil presiden.[butuh rujukan] Selama jabatannya, ia bertentangan keras dengan kongres, terutama anggota-anggota partai republik yang radikal.[butuh rujukan] Golongan ini memegang peranan dalam memutuskan sebuah undang-undang, termasuk membatalkan veto seorang presiden.[butuh rujukan] Untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah kongres berhasil membatalkan keputusan presiden mengenai sebuah undang-undang penting. [butuh rujukan]Mereka berusaha untuk membatasi secara ketat kekuasaan presiden dengan menetapkan sejumlah rancangan undang-undang dan ketika Presiden Andrew Johnson mengabaikan salah satu peraturan itu dengan memecat Menteri Perangnya, pemeriksaan pelanggaran dikenakan terhadapnya dan ia diadili oleh senat, tetapi dibebaskan dari tuduhan dengan perbedaan satu suara.[11]

Pada 1869 Presiden Andrew Johnson meninggalkan Gedung Putih dan kembali ke negara bagian Tennessee.[12]

Pada 1875, enam tahun setelah ia meninggalkan gedung putih, Andrew Johnson kembali ke Washington DC sebagai Senator. Ia meninggal dunia beberapa bulan kemudian pada tanggal 31 Juli 1875 setelah diserang penyakit lumpuh. Ia meninggalkan seorang isteri, tiga orang putera dan dua orang puteri.[13]

Lihat juga

Bibliografi

Sumber Primer

Catatan

  1. ^ "American President: Andrew Johnson: Family Life". Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia. Diakses tanggal May 26, 2009. 
  2. ^ Milton, George Fort (1930). The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson And The Radicals. New York: Coward-McCann. hlm. 80. ISBN 1417916583. OCLC 739916. As for my religion, it is the doctrine of the Bible, as taught and practiced by Jesus Christ. 
  3. ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson
  4. ^ Suhindriyo. 1999. Biografi Singkat Presiden-Presiden Amerika Serikat. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, hal.61.
  5. ^ http://www.answers.com/topic/andrew-johnson
  6. ^ http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjohnson/p/pajohnson.htm
  7. ^ http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/nc/bio/public/johnson.htm
  8. ^ http://www.biography.com/articles/Andrew-Johnson-9355722
  9. ^ http://www.historycentral.com/bio/presidents/johnson.html
  10. ^ http://andrewjohnsonbiography.com/
  11. ^ http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson
  12. ^ http://people.famouswhy.com/andrew_johnson/
  13. ^ http://www.who2.com/andrewjohnson.html

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