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{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
|name = Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik
|name = Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik
|logo = [[Berkas:Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom.png|150px]]
|logo = [[Berkas:Insignia Hungary Political Party Jobbik.svg|150px]]
|colorcode = #000000
|colorcode = #000000
|leader = [[Gábor Vona]]
|leader = [[Tamás Sneider]]
|chairman =
|chairman =
|secretary_general =
|secretary_general =
|foundation = 24 Oktober 2003
|foundation = 24 Oktober 2003
|ideology = [[Nasionalisme Hongaria]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Nationalist Jobbik Party Doubles Voter Base In Hungary |url=http://www.xpatloop.com/news/61800 |publisher=xpatloop.com |date=2009-06-25}}</ref><br />[[Iredentisme Hongaria]]<ref name="Zimberg 28–32">{{cite journal |first=Alexis |last=Zimberg |title=Nostalgia and Notions of False Empire: The (Un)historical Rise of the Right in Hungary |journal=The Hidden Transcript |issue=Spring 2013 |pages=28–32 |url=http://issuu.com/the_hidden_transcript/docs/ht4_print_070513_03 |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><br/>[[Turanisme Hongaria]]<ref name=IBNTM>Ghosh, Palash (December 06 2013) "[http://www.ibtimes.com/strange-bedfellows-hungarian-far-right-jobbik-party-embraces-muslim-nations-seeks-eurasian-ideal Strange Bedfellows: Hungarian Far-Right Jobbik Party Embraces Muslim Nations, Seeks 'Eurasian' Ideal Of Statehood]" ''International Business Times''. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014</ref><ref name="budapesttimes.hu">Ungváry, Krisztián (5. February 2012) "[http://budapesttimes.hu/2012/02/05/turanism-the-new-ideology-of-the-far-right/ Turanism: the 'new' ideology of the far right]" BZT Media Kft. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014</ref><br>[[Konservatisme nasional]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Mainstream Party Competition and Electoral Fortune|page=36|first=Bartek|last=Pytlas|year=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><br>[[Konservatisme sosial]]<ref>http://hungarianspectrum.org/2015/05/24/fidesz-versus-jobbik-not-much-difference/</ref><br>[[Populisme sayap kanan]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Populist Political Communication in Europe|page=375|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2016|first=Toril|last=Aalberg}}</ref><br>[[Nasionalisme ekonomi]]<ref>{{cite news|date=3 April 2014|work=[[Israel National News]]|title=Hungary's Rebranded Far-Right Eyes Election Success|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/179224}}</ref><br>[[Europskeptisisme]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.hu/20121206/survey-finds-lmp-most-eu-friendly-hungarian-party-jobbik-most-hostile/|title=Survey finds LMP most "EU friendly" Hungarian party; Jobbik most hostile|work=Politics.hu|accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://visegradinsight.eu/euroscepticism-and-the-emergence-of-east-central-europes-far-right27052014/|title=Euroscepticism and the emergence of East-Central Europe’s far-right - Visegrad Insight|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref><br>[[Anti-globalisasi|Anti-globalisme]]<ref>{{Citation | title = A Jobbik szembefordul a globális kapitalizmussal | url = http://mandiner.hu/cikk/20131026_a_jobbik_szembefordul_a_globalis_kapitalizmussal | publisher = mandiner.hu | date = 2013-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Vona megmondta: befellegzett a globális kapitalizmusnak | url = http://nol.hu/belfold/vona_megmondta__befellegzett_a_globalis_kapitalizmusnak | publisher = nol.hu | date = 2013-01-26}}</ref>
|ideology = [[Nasionalisme Hongaria]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Nationalist Jobbik Party Doubles Voter Base In Hungary |url=http://www.xpatloop.com/news/61800 |publisher=xpatloop.com |date=2009-06-25}}</ref><ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/hungary.html|title=Hungary|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2018|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref><br>[[Iredentisme Hongaria]]<ref name="Zimberg 28–32">{{cite journal |first=Alexis |last=Zimberg |title=Nostalgia and Notions of False Empire: The (Un)historical Rise of the Right in Hungary |journal=The Hidden Transcript |issue=Spring 2013 |pages=28–32 |url=http://issuu.com/the_hidden_transcript/docs/ht4_print_070513_03 |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><br>[[Turanisme Hongaria]]<ref name=IBNTM>Ghosh, Palash (December 06 2013) "[http://www.ibtimes.com/strange-bedfellows-hungarian-far-right-jobbik-party-embraces-muslim-nations-seeks-eurasian-ideal Strange Bedfellows: Hungarian Far-Right Jobbik Party Embraces Muslim Nations, Seeks 'Eurasian' Ideal Of Statehood]" ''International Business Times''. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014</ref><ref name="budapesttimes.hu">Ungváry, Krisztián (5. February 2012) "[http://budapesttimes.hu/2012/02/05/turanism-the-new-ideology-of-the-far-right/ Turanism: the 'new' ideology of the far right]" BZT Media Kft. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014</ref><br>[[Konservatisme nasional]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Mainstream Party Competition and Electoral Fortune|page=36|first=Bartek|last=Pytlas|year=2015|publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref><br>[[Konservatisme sosial]]<ref>http://hungarianspectrum.org/2015/05/24/fidesz-versus-jobbik-not-much-difference/</ref><br>[[Populisme sayap kanan]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Populist Political Communication in Europe|page=375|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2016|first=Toril|last=Aalberg}}</ref><br>[[Nasionalisme ekonomi]]<ref>{{cite news|date=3 April 2014|work=[[Israel National News]]|title=Hungary's Rebranded Far-Right Eyes Election Success|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/179224}}</ref><br>[[Europskeptisisme]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.hu/20121206/survey-finds-lmp-most-eu-friendly-hungarian-party-jobbik-most-hostile/|title=Survey finds LMP most "EU friendly" Hungarian party; Jobbik most hostile|work=Politics.hu|accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://visegradinsight.eu/euroscepticism-and-the-emergence-of-east-central-europes-far-right27052014/|title=Euroscepticism and the emergence of East-Central Europe’s far-right - Visegrad Insight|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015}}</ref><br>[[Anti-globalisasi|Anti-globalisme]]<ref>{{Citation | title = A Jobbik szembefordul a globális kapitalizmussal | url = http://mandiner.hu/cikk/20131026_a_jobbik_szembefordul_a_globalis_kapitalizmussal | publisher = mandiner.hu | date = 2013-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | title = Vona megmondta: befellegzett a globális kapitalizmusnak | url = http://nol.hu/belfold/vona_megmondta__befellegzett_a_globalis_kapitalizmusnak | publisher = nol.hu | date = 2013-01-26}}</ref><br>[[Tenda besar]]<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20160831151601/http://magyarhirlap.hu/cikk/64683/Jobboldal_es_baloldal_tulhaladott_dolgok</ref><br>[[Agrarianisme]]<ref>https://www.jobbik.hu/magyar-szivvel-jozan-esszel-tiszta-kezzel</ref>
|headquarters = 1113 [[Budapest]], Villányi út 20/A
|headquarters = 1113 [[Budapest]], Villányi út 20/A
|international = Tidak ada
|international = Tidak ada
Baris 13: Baris 13:
|country = Hungary
|country = Hungary
| leader2_title = Pemimpin di parlemen
| leader2_title = Pemimpin di parlemen
| leader2_name = [[János Volner]]
| leader2_name = [[Márton Gyöngyösi]]
| leader3_title = Wakil ketua
| leader3_title = Wakil ketua
| leader3_name = [[Erik Fülöp]]<br>[[Dávid Janiczak]]<br>[[Tamás Sneider]]<br>[[László Toroczkai]]<br>[[János Volner]]<br>[[Dániel Z. Kárpát]]
| leader3_name = [[Tibor Bana]]<br>[[Enikő Hegedűs]]<br>[[János Stummer]]<br>[[Dániel Z. Kárpát]]
|native_name = Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom
|native_name = Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom
|leader1_title =
|leader1_title =
|leader1_name =
|leader1_name =
| wing1_title = [[Paramiliter|Organisasi paramiliter]]
| wing1_title = [[Paramiliter|Organisasi paramiliter]]
| wing1 = [[Magyar Gárda]]<ref>Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko.. Minority Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. hlm. 208.</ref><ref>Peter Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3–4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. hlm. 233.</ref><ref>William M. Downs. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. hlm. 191.</ref><ref>Charles Asher Small. Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. hlm. 226</ref><br /><small>(2007–2009)</small>
| wing1 = [[Magyar Gárda]]<ref>Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko.. Minority Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. hlm. 208.</ref><ref>Peter Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3–4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. hlm. 233.</ref><ref>William M. Downs. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. hlm. 191.</ref><ref>Charles Asher Small. Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. hlm. 226</ref><br><small>(2007–2009)</small>
|dissolution =
|dissolution =
|position = [[Politik kanan jauh|Kanan jauh]]<ref name="Huggan_Law">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCnhKaE5_G8C&pg=PA203&dq=extremist+jobbik&hl=en&ei=TQuDTc6wG4_-4Aao6NXSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=jobbik&f=false |first1=Graham |last1=Huggan |first2=Ian |last2=Law |title=Racism Postcolonialism Europe |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=2009}}</ref><ref name="SchoriLiang">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXR5GzqvmyYC&pg=PA179&dq=far-right++jobbik&hl=en&ei=-guDTeCyA8a84gbz6MXiCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=far-right%20%20jobbik&f=false |first=Christina |last=Schori Liang |title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right |publisher=Ashgate |year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Kirton_Greene">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQTjdAIX6f4C&pg=PA267&dq=far-right++jobbik&hl=en&ei=Ww2DTZLJM4Lc4gbWkOn3CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=far-right%20%20jobbik&f=false |first1=Gill |last1=Kirton |first2=Anne-Marie |last2=Greene |title=The Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach |edition=3rd |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=2010}}</ref>
|position = [[Politik sayap kanan|Sayap kanan]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunai |first1=Marton |title=Hardliners in Hungary's Jobbik demand return to far-right roots |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-jobbik/hardliners-in-hungarys-jobbik-demand-return-to-far-right-roots-idUSKCN1IN1MW |website=Reuters |accessdate=3 July 2018 |date=22 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-election-explainer/what-to-watch-at-hungarys-elections-idUSKCN1HC1BU|title=What to watch at Hungary's elections}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Strickland |first1=Patrick |title=How is Hungary's far right changing? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/hungary-changing-171209110936676.html |website=Al Jazeera |accessdate=3 July 2018 |date=12 December 2017}}</ref> hingga [[Politik kanan jauh|kanan jauh]]<ref name="Nordsieck"/><ref name="Huggan_Law">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCnhKaE5_G8C&pg=PA203&dq=extremist+jobbik&hl=en&ei=TQuDTc6wG4_-4Aao6NXSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=jobbik&f=false |first1=Graham |last1=Huggan |first2=Ian |last2=Law |title=Racism Postcolonialism Europe |publisher=Liverpool University Press |year=2009}}</ref><ref name="SchoriLiang">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jXR5GzqvmyYC&pg=PA179&dq=far-right++jobbik&hl=en&ei=-guDTeCyA8a84gbz6MXiCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=far-right%20%20jobbik&f=false |first=Christina |last=Schori Liang |title=Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right |publisher=Ashgate |year=2007}}</ref><ref name="Kirton_Greene">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQTjdAIX6f4C&pg=PA267&dq=far-right++jobbik&hl=en&ei=Ww2DTZLJM4Lc4gbWkOn3CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=far-right%20%20jobbik&f=false |first1=Gill |last1=Kirton |first2=Anne-Marie |last2=Greene |title=The Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach |edition=3rd |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=2010}}</ref>
|european = [[Aliansi Pergerakan Nasional Eropa]]
|european = Tidak ada
|europarl = ''[[Non-Inscrits]]''
|europarl = ''[[Non-Inscrits]]''
|colours = [[Merah]] dan [[perak (warna)|perak]]
|colours = [[Merah]], [[hijau]] dan [[putih]]
|flag = [[Berkas:Flag of Jobbik (Hungary).svg|140px]]
|flag = [[Berkas:Flag of Jobbik (Hungary).svg|140px]]
|seats1_title = [[Majelis Nasional Hongaria|Majelis Nasional]]
|seats1_title = [[Majelis Nasional Hongaria|Majelis Nasional]]
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|24|199|hex=#000000}}
|seats1 = {{Composition bar|22|199|hex=#000000}}
|seats2_title = [[Parlemen Eropa]]
|seats2_title = [[Parlemen Eropa]]
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|3|21|hex=#000000}}
|seats2 = {{Composition bar|1|21|hex=#000000}}
|seats3_title = Dewan-dewan kabupaten
|seats3_title = Dewan-dewan kabupaten
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|81|419|hex=#000000}}
|seats3 = {{Composition bar|81|419|hex=#000000}}
| youth_wing = [[Jobbik Young Section]]
| membership = 17.927 (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nol.hu/belfold/kezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233 |title=Kezd összeesni az MSZP, a párt inkább hallgat a taglétszámról |publisher=nol.hu |date=2016-07-27 |accessdate=2016-10-05}}</ref>
| membership = 17.927 <small>(2016)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nol.hu/belfold/kezd-osszeesett-az-mszp-a-part-hallgat-a-tagletszamrol-1625233 |title=Kezd összeesni az MSZP, a párt inkább hallgat a taglétszámról |publisher=nol.hu |date=2016-07-27 |accessdate=2016-10-05}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Jobbik, Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik''' ({{lang-hu|Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom}}), umumnya dikenal dengan julukan '''Jobbik''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈjobːik|pron}}), adalah sebuah partai [[nasionalisme Hongaria|nasionalis]] [[radikalisme politik|radikal]] [[Hongaria]]<ref name="Politics_Agreement">{{Citation | url=http://www.politics.hu/20091026/jobbik-signs-agreements-with-other-european-nationalist-groups | title=Jobbik signs agreements with other European nationalist groups | date=2009-10-26 | publisher=[[Magyar Távirati Iroda|MTI]] | quote=Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party signed an agreement with four international parties to set up the Alliance of European Nationalist Movements, Jobbik deputy leader Andras Balczo said on Saturday.}}</ref><ref name="BudaTimes">{{Citation | url=http://www.budapesttimes.hu/content/view/12240/219/ | title=Radical nationalist Jobbik for toppling Trianon borders, says MEP | date=2009-06-14 | publisher=[[The Budapest Times]] | quote=Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party plans to fight for the toppling of borders set by the 1920 Trianon treaty, newly elected MEP Csanad Szegedi said at the memorial meeting.}}</ref> yang menyatakan diri sebagai "partai Kristen yang berprinsip, konservatif dan pada dasarnya patriotik", dengan "tujuan yang mendasar" untuk melindungi "nilai-nilai dan kepentingan-kepentingan Hongaria."<ref name="politics.hu">{{cite web |title=Jobbik confident of winning EP seat, party leader says |url=http://www.politics.hu/20090513/jobbik-confident-of-winning-ep-seat-party-leader-says |publisher=politics.hu (source: [[Magyar Távirati Iroda|MTI]]) |date=2009-05-13 |quote=Jobbik describes itself as “a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party. Its fundamental purpose is protecting Hungarian values and interests.”}}</ref> Di sisi lain, partai ini telah dianggap sebagai partai "[[neo-Nazi]]" dan "[[antisemitisme|antisemit]]".<ref name="Indy">{{cite news|last1=Paterson|first1=Tony|title=Hungary election: Concerns as neo-Nazi Jobbik party wins 20% of vote|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/concerns-as-neo-nazi-jobbik-party-wins-20-of-hungary-vote-9244541.html|accessdate=18 February 2017|work=The Independent (UK)|date=7 April 2014}}</ref> Dalam [[pemilihan umum parlemen Hongaria 2014|pemilihan umum parlemen Hongaria]] yang diadakan pada tanggal 6 April 2014, partai ini meraup 1.020.476 suara dengan persentase sebesar 20,54%. Maka dari itu, partai ini adalah partai terbesar ketiga di [[Majelis Nasional Hongaria]].
'''Jobbik, Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik''' ({{lang-hu|Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom}}), umumnya dikenal dengan julukan '''Jobbik''' ({{IPA-hu|ˈjobːik|pron}}), adalah sebuah partai [[nasionalisme Hongaria|nasionalis]] [[radikalisme politik|radikal]] [[Hongaria]]<ref name="Politics_Agreement">{{Citation | url=http://www.politics.hu/20091026/jobbik-signs-agreements-with-other-european-nationalist-groups | title=Jobbik signs agreements with other European nationalist groups | date=2009-10-26 | publisher=[[Magyar Távirati Iroda|MTI]] | quote=Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party signed an agreement with four international parties to set up the Alliance of European Nationalist Movements, Jobbik deputy leader Andras Balczo said on Saturday.}}</ref><ref name="BudaTimes">{{Citation | url=http://www.budapesttimes.hu/content/view/12240/219/ | title=Radical nationalist Jobbik for toppling Trianon borders, says MEP | date=2009-06-14 | publisher=[[The Budapest Times]] | quote=Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party plans to fight for the toppling of borders set by the 1920 Trianon treaty, newly elected MEP Csanad Szegedi said at the memorial meeting.}}</ref> yang menyatakan diri sebagai "partai Kristen yang berprinsip, konservatif dan pada dasarnya patriotik", dengan "tujuan yang mendasar" untuk melindungi "nilai-nilai dan kepentingan-kepentingan Hongaria."<ref name="politics.hu">{{cite web |title=Jobbik confident of winning EP seat, party leader says |url=http://www.politics.hu/20090513/jobbik-confident-of-winning-ep-seat-party-leader-says |publisher=politics.hu (source: [[Magyar Távirati Iroda|MTI]]) |date=2009-05-13 |quote=Jobbik describes itself as “a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party. Its fundamental purpose is protecting Hungarian values and interests.”}}</ref> Di sisi lain, partai ini telah dianggap sebagai partai "[[neo-Nazi]]" dan "[[antisemitisme|antisemit]]".<ref name="Indy">{{cite news|last1=Paterson|first1=Tony|title=Hungary election: Concerns as neo-Nazi Jobbik party wins 20% of vote|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/concerns-as-neo-nazi-jobbik-party-wins-20-of-hungary-vote-9244541.html|accessdate=18 February 2017|work=The Independent (UK)|date=7 April 2014}}</ref> Dalam [[pemilihan umum parlemen Hongaria 2014|pemilihan umum parlemen Hongaria]] yang diadakan pada tanggal 6 April 2014, partai ini meraup 1.020.476 suara dengan persentase sebesar 20,54%. Maka dari itu, partai ini adalah partai terbesar ketiga di [[Majelis Nasional Hongaria]].

Revisi per 27 November 2018 16.05

Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik
Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom
Ketua umumTamás Sneider
Pemimpin di parlemenMárton Gyöngyösi
Wakil ketuaTibor Bana
Enikő Hegedűs
János Stummer
Dániel Z. Kárpát
Dibentuk24 Oktober 2003
Kantor pusat1113 Budapest, Villányi út 20/A
Sayap pemudaJobbik Young Section
Organisasi paramiliterMagyar Gárda[1][2][3][4]
(2007–2009)
Keanggotaan17.927 (2016)[5]
IdeologiNasionalisme Hongaria[6][7]
Iredentisme Hongaria[8]
Turanisme Hongaria[9][10]
Konservatisme nasional[11]
Konservatisme sosial[12]
Populisme sayap kanan[13]
Nasionalisme ekonomi[14]
Europskeptisisme[15][16]
Anti-globalisme[17][18]
Tenda besar[19]
Agrarianisme[20]
Posisi politikSayap kanan[21][22][23] hingga kanan jauh[7][24][25][26]
Afiliasi EropaTidak ada
Afiliasi internasionalTidak ada
Kelompok Parlemen EropaNon-Inscrits
WarnaMerah, hijau dan putih
Majelis Nasional
22 / 199
Parlemen Eropa
1 / 21
Dewan-dewan kabupaten
81 / 419
Bendera
Situs web
www.jobbik.hu (bahasa Hongaria)
www.jobbik.com (bahasa Inggris)

Jobbik, Pergerakan untuk Hongaria yang Lebih Baik (bahasa Hungaria: Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom), umumnya dikenal dengan julukan Jobbik (diucapkan [ˈjobːik]), adalah sebuah partai nasionalis radikal Hongaria[27][28] yang menyatakan diri sebagai "partai Kristen yang berprinsip, konservatif dan pada dasarnya patriotik", dengan "tujuan yang mendasar" untuk melindungi "nilai-nilai dan kepentingan-kepentingan Hongaria."[29] Di sisi lain, partai ini telah dianggap sebagai partai "neo-Nazi" dan "antisemit".[30] Dalam pemilihan umum parlemen Hongaria yang diadakan pada tanggal 6 April 2014, partai ini meraup 1.020.476 suara dengan persentase sebesar 20,54%. Maka dari itu, partai ini adalah partai terbesar ketiga di Majelis Nasional Hongaria.

Ideologi

Ideologi Jobbik telah dideskripsikan oleh ahli-ahli politik sebagai ideologi populis sayap kanan dengan strategi yang "bergantung pada kombinasi etno-nasionalisme dengan retorik populisme anti-elit dan kritik radikal terhadap institusi politik yang ada saat ini".[31][32] Namun, Jobbik menolak klasifikasi kiri-kanan dan lebih memilih penggolongan partai politik berdasarkan sudut pandang mengenai globalisasi. Dalam hal ini, partai ini menganggap dirinya sebagai partai yang patriotik.[33] Partai ini juga menolak istilah "kanan jauh" dan memilih label "sayap kanan radikal". Partai ini bahkan telah mengkritik media-media yang menyematkan label "kanan jauh" dan mengancam akan menuntut pihak yang berani melakukan hal tersebut.[34] Pada tahun 2014, Mahkamah Agung Hongaria memutuskan bahwa Jobbik tidak dapat diberi label "kanan jauh" dalam siaran radio atau televisi domestik; tindakan tersebut dianggap sebagai suatu opini karena Jobbik sudah menolak label "kanan jauh".[35]

Jobbik menyatakan diri sebagai partai yang menolak "kapitalisme global"[36][37] dan integrasi Eropa.[38] Mereka bahkan melawan pengaruh investor asing di Hongaria.[39] Jobbik secara khusus menentang investasi Israel dan Yahudi di Hongaria.[40] Walaupun partai ini sebelumnya telah menentang Zionisme,[41][42] pemimpin partai Jobbik yang bernama Gabor Vona menyatakan pada Februari 2017 bahwa ia "tidak pernah mempertanyakan keberadaan Israel" dan partai tersebut mendukung solusi dua negara untuk konflik Israel-Palestina.[43]

Partai ini menganut ideologi Pan-Turanisme yang menegaskan bahwa bangsa Hongaria merupakan ras Ural–Altaik.[9][10] Partai ini juga mendukung iredentisme Hongaria dengan meminta "otonomi wilayah" untuk Tanah Székely di Rumania dan mendirikan distrik Hongaria yang independen di Rutenia Carpathia.[44] Dalam retorik-retorik politiknya, Jobbik seringkali menyerukan agar perbatasan Hongaria dikembalikan seperti sebelum ditetapkannya Perjanjian Trianon.[8]

Hasil pemilu

Parlemen Hongaria

Tahun pemilihan Majelis Nasional Pemerintahan
Jumlah suara Persentase suara Kursi yang dimenangkan +/–
2006 119.007
2,2% (#5)
0 / 386
 Luar parlemen
2010 855.436
16,67% (#3)
47 / 386
 Kenaikan 47 Oposisi
2014 1.020.476
20,22% (#3)
23 / 199
 Penurunan 24 Oposisi

Parlemen Eropa:

Tahun pemilihan Jumlah suara Persentase suara Kursi yang dimenangkan +/-
2009 427.773 14,77% (#3)
3 / 22
2014 340.287 14,67% (#2)
3 / 21
 Steady 0

Ketua partai

Gambar Nama Mulai menjabat Berhenti menjabat Lama kepemimpinan
1 Dávid Kovács 24 Oktober 2003 25 November 2006 3 tahun, 1 bulan dan 1 hari
2 Gábor Vona 25 November 2006 Petahana 17 tahun, 7 bulan dan 21 hari

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko.. Minority Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. hlm. 208.
  2. ^ Peter Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3–4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. hlm. 233.
  3. ^ William M. Downs. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. hlm. 191.
  4. ^ Charles Asher Small. Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. hlm. 226
  5. ^ "Kezd összeesni az MSZP, a párt inkább hallgat a taglétszámról". nol.hu. 2016-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-05. 
  6. ^ Nationalist Jobbik Party Doubles Voter Base In Hungary, xpatloop.com, 2009-06-25 
  7. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe. 
  8. ^ a b Zimberg, Alexis. "Nostalgia and Notions of False Empire: The (Un)historical Rise of the Right in Hungary". The Hidden Transcript (Spring 2013): 28–32. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2014. 
  9. ^ a b Ghosh, Palash (December 06 2013) "Strange Bedfellows: Hungarian Far-Right Jobbik Party Embraces Muslim Nations, Seeks 'Eurasian' Ideal Of Statehood" International Business Times. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014
  10. ^ a b Ungváry, Krisztián (5. February 2012) "Turanism: the 'new' ideology of the far right" BZT Media Kft. Diakses 31 Agustus 2014
  11. ^ Pytlas, Bartek (2015). Radical Right Parties in Central and Eastern Europe: Mainstream Party Competition and Electoral Fortune. Routledge. hlm. 36. 
  12. ^ http://hungarianspectrum.org/2015/05/24/fidesz-versus-jobbik-not-much-difference/
  13. ^ Aalberg, Toril (2016). Populist Political Communication in Europe. Routledge. hlm. 375. 
  14. ^ "Hungary's Rebranded Far-Right Eyes Election Success". Israel National News. 3 April 2014. 
  15. ^ "Survey finds LMP most "EU friendly" Hungarian party; Jobbik most hostile". Politics.hu. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2015. 
  16. ^ "Euroscepticism and the emergence of East-Central Europe's far-right - Visegrad Insight". Diakses tanggal 14 February 2015. 
  17. ^ A Jobbik szembefordul a globális kapitalizmussal, mandiner.hu, 2013-10-26 
  18. ^ Vona megmondta: befellegzett a globális kapitalizmusnak, nol.hu, 2013-01-26 
  19. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20160831151601/http://magyarhirlap.hu/cikk/64683/Jobboldal_es_baloldal_tulhaladott_dolgok
  20. ^ https://www.jobbik.hu/magyar-szivvel-jozan-esszel-tiszta-kezzel
  21. ^ Dunai, Marton (22 May 2018). "Hardliners in Hungary's Jobbik demand return to far-right roots". Reuters. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2018. 
  22. ^ "What to watch at Hungary's elections". 
  23. ^ Strickland, Patrick (12 December 2017). "How is Hungary's far right changing?". Al Jazeera. Diakses tanggal 3 July 2018. 
  24. ^ Huggan, Graham; Law, Ian (2009). Racism Postcolonialism Europe. Liverpool University Press. 
  25. ^ Schori Liang, Christina (2007). Europe for the Europeans: The Foreign and Security Policy of the Populist Radical Right. Ashgate. 
  26. ^ Kirton, Gill; Greene, Anne-Marie (2010). The Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach (edisi ke-3rd). Butterworth-Heinemann. 
  27. ^ Jobbik signs agreements with other European nationalist groups, MTI, 2009-10-26, Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party signed an agreement with four international parties to set up the Alliance of European Nationalist Movements, Jobbik deputy leader Andras Balczo said on Saturday. 
  28. ^ Radical nationalist Jobbik for toppling Trianon borders, says MEP, The Budapest Times, 2009-06-14, Hungary's radical nationalist Jobbik party plans to fight for the toppling of borders set by the 1920 Trianon treaty, newly elected MEP Csanad Szegedi said at the memorial meeting. 
  29. ^ "Jobbik confident of winning EP seat, party leader says". politics.hu (source: MTI). 2009-05-13. Jobbik describes itself as “a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party. Its fundamental purpose is protecting Hungarian values and interests.” 
  30. ^ Paterson, Tony (7 April 2014). "Hungary election: Concerns as neo-Nazi Jobbik party wins 20% of vote". The Independent (UK). Diakses tanggal 18 February 2017. 
  31. ^ Betz, Hans-Georg (1994). Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe (The New Politics of Resentment). Palgrave MacMillan. hlm. 4. ISBN 0-312-08390-4. the majority of radical right-wing populist parties are radical in their rejection of the established socio-cultural and socio-political system 
  32. ^ Albertazzi, Daniele (2007). Radical Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 0-230-01349-X. 
  33. ^ Leigh Phillips (2010-04-19). "EUobserver / A far-right for the Facebook generation: The rise and rise of Jobbik". Euobserver.com. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-18. 
  34. ^ "Nem nevezhetik szélsőjobboldalinak a Jobbikot a hírműsorok". alfahir.hu. Diakses tanggal 2013-08-25. 
  35. ^ Zalan, Estzer. "Court rules Jobbik cannot be called 'far-right'". EUobserver. Diakses tanggal 6 June 2014. 
  36. ^ A Jobbik szembefordul a globális kapitalizmussal, mandiner.hu, 2013-10-26 
  37. ^ Vona megmondta: befellegzett a globális kapitalizmusnak, nol.hu, 2013-01-26 
  38. ^ Mazurczak, Filip (27 May 2014). "Euroscepticism and the emergence of East-Central Europe's far-right". Visegrad Insight. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2014. 
  39. ^ Jobbik stages demonstration against banks, "foreign speculative capital", politics.hu, 2009-08-04 
  40. ^ "Jobbik rally against World Jewish Congress in Budapest". BBC News. 4 May 2013. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2013. 
  41. ^ Jobbik "anti-Zionist" demo goes ahead in Budapest, politics.hu, 2013-05-05 
  42. ^ "Hungary's Jobbik party hold anti-semitic rally in Budapest after ban attempts fail", Telegraph, 2013-05-04 
  43. ^ "Exclusive: In First Talk With Jewish Media, Hungary's Far Right Leader Strikes A New Pose". The Forward. 8 February 2017. Diakses tanggal 17 July 2017. 
  44. ^ "Jobbik MEPs to fight for pre-Trianon borders". Politics.hu (MTI). 2009-06-15. Jobbik will demand territorial autonomy for Szekler land in Romania and will also press for Transcarpathia in Ukraine to become an independent Hungarian district, Szegedi said. 

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