Metal ekstrim: Perbedaan antara revisi

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== Sejarah ==
== Sejarah ==
[[File:Venom_live_at_hellfest.jpg|pra=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venom_live_at_hellfest.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Venom (Band)|Venom]] pada 2008]]
[[File:Venom_live_at_hellfest.jpg|pra=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Venom_live_at_hellfest.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Venom (Band)|Venom]] pada 2008]]
Band Inggris [[Venom (Band)|Venom]] adalah salah satu band pertama yang menjelajah ke wilayah metal ekstrim, karena pergeseran ideologis mereka ke tema [[kejahatan]], [[iblis]] dan [[neraka]].<ref name="Origins of Evil" /> Dua album pertama mereka, ''[[Welcome to Hell]]'' (1981) dan ''[[Black Metal (Album)|Black Metal]]'' (1982), dianggap berpengaruh besar pada thrash metal dan extreme metal pada umumnya. Karya awal Venom ini, dalam kombinasi dengan band-band seperti [[Discharge]], [[the Exploited]] dan [[Amebix]] serta hardcore punk Amerika membawa elemen integral ke lanskap metal ekstrim yang sedang berkembang pada saat itu. Pada tahun 1983, [[Metallica]] akan merilis album debut mereka ''[[Kill 'Em All]]'', yang memadukan unsur-unsur [[gelombang baru heavy metal Inggris]] dengan hardcore punk dan gaya [[Motörhead|Motorhead]], menjadi album thrash metal pertama, dan pada akhirnya akan disertifikasi triple platinum. Beberapa bulan kemudian, [[Slayer]] akan merilis album thrash metal mereka sendiri ''[[Show No Mercy]]'', dipengaruhi oleh suara Venom, [[Judas Priest]], [[Iron Maiden]], dan [[Mercyful Fate]].
Band Inggris [[Venom (Band)|Venom]] adalah salah satu band pertama yang menjelajah ke wilayah metal ekstrim, karena pergeseran ideologis mereka ke tema [[kejahatan]], [[iblis]] dan [[neraka]].<ref name="Origins of Evil" /> Dua album pertama mereka, ''[[Welcome to Hell]]'' (1981) dan ''[[Black Metal (Album)|Black Metal]]'' (1982), dianggap berpengaruh besar pada thrash metal dan extreme metal pada umumnya.<ref name="Kahn-Harris" /> Karya awal Venom ini, dalam kombinasi dengan band-band seperti [[Discharge]], [[the Exploited]] dan [[Amebix]] serta hardcore punk Amerika membawa elemen integral ke lanskap metal ekstrim yang sedang berkembang pada saat itu.<ref name="Origins of Evil" /> Pada tahun 1983, [[Metallica]] akan merilis album debut mereka ''[[Kill 'Em All]]'', yang memadukan unsur-unsur [[gelombang baru heavy metal Inggris]] dengan hardcore punk dan gaya [[Motörhead|Motorhead]], menjadi album thrash metal pertama,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Huey|first1=Steve|title=Metallica Kill 'Em All|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/kill-em-all-mw0000651567|website=[[AllMusic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623170239/https://www.allmusic.com/album/kill-em-all-mw0000651567|archive-date=23 June 2018|access-date=12 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> dan pada akhirnya akan disertifikasi triple platinum.<ref>{{cite web|title=METALLICA KILL 'EM ALL|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Metallica&ti=Kill+%27Em+All#search_section|website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]|access-date=12 August 2018}}</ref> Beberapa bulan kemudian, [[Slayer]] akan merilis album thrash metal mereka sendiri ''[[Show No Mercy]]'', dipengaruhi oleh suara Venom, [[Judas Priest]], [[Iron Maiden]], dan [[Mercyful Fate]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gargano|first1=Paul|title=LiveDaily Interview: Tom Araya of Slayer|url=http://www.livedaily.com/interviews/LiveDaily_Interview_Tom_Araya_of_Slayer-11402.html?t=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205223956/http://www.livedaily.com/interviews/LiveDaily_Interview_Tom_Araya_of_Slayer-11402.html?t=1|archive-date=5 February 2007|access-date=12 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Ketika band metal ekstrim [[Hellhammer (Band)|Hellhammer]] pertama kali mulai membuat musik, umumnya dikritik oleh para kritikus, yang mengarah ke anggota membentuk [[Celtic Frost]] di tempatnya, yang terbukti sangat berpengaruh pada perkembangan genre. Selama periode ini, garis antara genre metal ekstrim menjadi kabur, karena band-band thrash metal seperti Slayer, [[Sepultura]], [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]], [[Destruction]] dan [[Kreator]] merupakan bagian integral dari scene [[Black metal|black metal gelombang pertama]]. Sampul depan album debut 1987 [[Sarcófago]], ''[[I.N.R.I.]]'', dianggap sebagai pengaruh besar pada riasan gaya [[cat mayat]] black metal. Rekaman itu juga dianggap sebagai salah satu album black metal gelombang pertama yang membantu membentuk genre ini. Album kedua mereka, ''[[The Laws of Scourge]]'', adalah salah satu rekaman [[death metal teknikal]] pertama yang dirilis.
Ketika band metal ekstrim [[Hellhammer (Band)|Hellhammer]] pertama kali mulai membuat musik, umumnya dikritik oleh para kritikus, yang mengarah ke anggota membentuk [[Celtic Frost]] di tempatnya, yang terbukti sangat berpengaruh pada perkembangan genre. Selama periode ini, garis antara genre metal ekstrim menjadi kabur, karena band-band thrash metal seperti Slayer, [[Sepultura]], [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]], [[Destruction]] dan [[Kreator]] merupakan bagian integral dari scene [[Black metal|black metal gelombang pertama]].<ref name="Origins of Evil" /> Sampul depan album debut 1987 [[Sarcófago]], ''[[I.N.R.I.]]'', dianggap sebagai pengaruh besar pada riasan gaya [[cat mayat]] black metal.<ref>[[Michael Moynihan (journalist)|Moynihan, Michael]] & Søderlind, Didrik: ''[[Lords of Chaos (book)|Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground]]''. Feral House 1998, p. 36.</ref> Rekaman itu juga dianggap sebagai salah satu album [[black metal gelombang pertama]] yang membantu membentuk genre ini. Album kedua mereka, ''[[The Laws of Scourge]]'', adalah salah satu rekaman [[death metal teknikal]] pertama yang dirilis.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 December 2008|title=Sarcófago: pioneirismo, polêmica e death metal - Arquivo Valhalla|url=http://whiplash.net/materias/arquivovalhalla/074818-sarcofago.html|publisher=Whiplash|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222000714/http://whiplash.net/materias/arquivovalhalla/074818-sarcofago.html|archive-date=22 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Daftar genre ==
== Daftar genre ==
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=== Genre utama ===
=== Genre utama ===


* [[Black metal]]
* [[Black metal]]<ref name="Extreme" />
* [[Death metal]]
* [[Death metal]]<ref name="Extreme" />
* [[Doom metal]]
* [[Doom metal]]<ref name="Extreme" />
* [[Speed metal]]
* [[Speed metal]]<ref name="Extreme" />
* [[Thrash metal]]
* [[Thrash metal]]<ref name="Extreme" />


=== Subgenre dari genre primer ===
=== Subgenre dari genre primer ===
Subgenre black metal
Subgenre black metal


* [[Black metal|Ambient black metal]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Raymer|first=Miles|date=22 May 2008|title=Beautiful Brutality|url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/beautiful-brutality/Content?oid=1109755|website=[[Chicago Reader]]|publisher=[[Wrapports]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402164705/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/beautiful-brutality/Content?oid=1109755|archive-date=2 April 2015|access-date=14 March 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Ambient black metal]]
* [[Black metal|Folk black metal]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Unger|first=Matthew|date=22 August 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSHkDAAAQBAJ&q=folk+black+metal&pg=PA34|title=Sound, Symbol, Sociality: The Aesthetic Experience of Extreme Metal Music|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137478351|via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Folk black metal]]
* [[Industrial metal|Industrial black metal]]<ref name="lom">Roel F., Interview with Treachery, ''Lords of Metal'' issue 87, December 2008. [http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=2438&lang=en] Access date: 3 December 2008.</ref>
* [[Industrial metal|Industrial black metal]]
* [[National Socialist black metal]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buesnel|first=Ryan David|date=November 2020|title=National Socialist Black Metal: a case study in the longevity of far-right ideologies in heavy metal subcultures|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346363338|journal=[[Patterns of Prejudice]]|volume=54|issue=3|pages=393–408|doi=10.1080/0031322X.2020.1800987|s2cid=229466327|via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref>
* [[National Socialist black metal]]
* [[Black metal|Post-black metal]]<ref>{{cite web|date=14 May 2019|title=The 10 essential post-black metal albums|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-10-essential-post-black-metal-albums}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Post-black metal]]
** [[Blackgaze]]<ref name="Guardian blackgaze article">{{Cite web|last=Howells|first=Tom|date=5 October 2015|title=Blackgaze: meet the bands taking black metal out of the shadows|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/05/blackgaze-bands-fusing-metal-and-shoegaze|website=the Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017162821/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/oct/05/blackgaze-bands-fusing-metal-and-shoegaze|archive-date=17 October 2015|access-date=5 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Blackgaze]]
* [[Black metal|Psychedelic black metal]]
* [[Black metal|Psychedelic black metal]]<ref>{{cite web|date=22 February 2016|title=Oranssi Pazuzu - Decibel Magazine|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2016/02/22/oranssi-pazuzu/}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Raw black metal]]<ref name="Expression">{{cite thesis|last=Smialek|first=Eric|date=2015|title=Genre and Expression in Extreme Metal Music, ca. 1990–2015|type=PhD|institution=[[McGill University]]|url=https://www.academia.edu/24562305|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="Medieval">{{cite book|date=6 September 2019|title=Medievalism and Metal Music Studies|publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited|isbn=9781787563971|editor1-last=Hagen|editor1-first=Ross|pages=216|editor2-last=Barratt-Peacock|editor2-first=Ruth}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Raw black metal]]
* [[Symphonic black metal]]<ref name="AllMusic">{{cite web|title=Symphonic Black Metal : Significant Albums, Artists and Songs, Most Viewed : AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/symphonic-black-metal-ma0000012290|work=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=2 September 2012}}</ref>
* [[Symphonic black metal]]
* [[Unblack Metal|Unblack metal]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sol|date=11 February 2015|title=7 Christian Black Metal Bands You Need To Hear|url=https://metalinjection.net/lists/christian-black-metal-bands|website=Metal Injection|language=en-US|access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
* [[Unblack Metal|Unblack metal]]


Subgenre death metal
Subgenre death metal


* [[Brutal death metal]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Phillipov|first=Michelle|date=31 August 2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSZOph-zlEgC&q=brutal+death+metal&pg=PA120|title=Death Metal and Music Criticism: Analysis at the Limits|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9780739164594|via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Brutal death metal]]
* [[Death metal|Industrial death metal]]
* [[Death metal|Industrial death metal]]<ref name="Kerrang">{{cite magazine|last=Arnopp|first=Jason|year=1993|title=Industrial Metal: A User's Guide|magazine=[[Kerrang!]]|pages=44|number=462}}</ref>
* [[Melodic death metal]]<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=What Is Melodic Death Metal?|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/melodicdeathmetalprofile.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202223443/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/melodicdeathmetalprofile.htm|archive-date=2 February 2017|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AwJJR5vvlIsC&pg=PA9&dq=%22death+metal%22+double+bass&hl=en&ei=0enJTJSTI5LAsAO42PjhDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22death%20metal%22%20double%20bass&f=false Purcell, N. ''Death Metal music: the passion and politics of a subculture''], at 9, McFarland, 2003 (retrieved 3 June 2011)</ref>
* [[Melodic death metal]]
* [[Death metal|Old school death metal]]<ref name="OSDM">{{cite book|last=Purcell|first=Natalie J.|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZErQs5hCUQC&q=%22gore+grind%22&pg=PA24|title=Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-7864-1585-1|pages=23|access-date=28 November 2007}}</ref>
* [[Death metal|Old school death metal]]
* [[Death metal|Slam death metal]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|last=Wise|first=Lauren|date=14 April 2015|title=Discover Your Next Favorite Phoenix Metal Band at AZ Brutal Fest|url=http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/discover-your-next-favorite-phoenix-metal-band-at-az-brutal-fest-7287179|work=[[Phoenix New Times]]|access-date=6 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Death metal|Slam death metal]]
* [[Symphonic metal|Symphonic death metal]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 November 2016|title=The 10 Essential Symphonic Metal Albums|url=http://teamrock.com/feature/2016-11-02/the-10-essential-symphonic-metal-albums|newspaper=Metal Hammer|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref>
* [[Symphonic metal|Symphonic death metal]]
* [[Death metal teknikal|Technical death metal]]<ref name="techprog1">{{cite web|author=Simms, Kelley|title=''Obscura Interview''|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/interviews/a/Obscura-Interview.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105063047/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/interviews/a/Obscura-Interview.htm|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=20 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Death metal teknikal|Technical death metal]]


Subgenre doom metal
Subgenre doom metal


* [[Doom metal|Epic doom]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Hayes, Craig|title=Witch Mountain – Cauldron Of The Wild Review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/witchmountain/fr/Witch-Mountain-Cauldron-Of-The-Wild-Review.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609083852/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/witchmountain/fr/Witch-Mountain-Cauldron-Of-The-Wild-Review.htm|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="FoI">{{cite web|author=Henderson, Alex|title=Fear of Infinity|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/fear-of-infinity-mw0002121528|website=[[AllMusic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107022049/http://www.allmusic.com/album/fear-of-infinity-mw0002121528|archive-date=7 January 2013|access-date=6 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Epic doom]]
* [[Doom metal|Traditional doom]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Hayes, Craig|title=Pallbearer – Sorrow And Extinction Review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/pallbearer/fr/Pallbearer-Sorrow-And-Extinction-Review.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213062413/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/pallbearer/fr/Pallbearer-Sorrow-And-Extinction-Review.htm|archive-date=13 February 2012|access-date=15 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Traditional doom]]


=== Genre perpaduan ===
=== Genre perpaduan ===
Baris 144: Baris 144:
==== Perpaduan antara genre utama ====
==== Perpaduan antara genre utama ====


* [[Doom metal|Black-doom]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Newshound, Terrorizer|title=''ITALIAN BLACKENED DOOMSTERS FORGOTTEN TOMB PLAN RELEASE'' review|url=http://truecultheavymetal.com/blog1.php/2010/09/23/italian-blackened-doomsters-forbidden-tomb-plan-release|publisher=[[Terrorizer (magazine)#Terrorizer Online|Terrorizer Online]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718185027/http://www.terrorizer.com/blog1.php/2010/09/23/italian-blackened-doomsters-forbidden-tomb-plan-release|archive-date=18 July 2012|access-date=29 January 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Marsicano, Dan|title=''Ordo Obsidium – Orbis Tertius Review'' review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/ordoobsidium/fr/Ordo-Obsidium-Orbis-Tertius-Review.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324005658/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/ordoobsidium/fr/Ordo-Obsidium-Orbis-Tertius-Review.htm|archive-date=24 March 2012|access-date=29 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Black-doom]]
** [[Black metal|Depressive suicidal black metal]]<ref name="DSBD">{{cite thesis|last=Yavuz|first=Mehmet Selim|date=September 2015|title=Dead is dead: Perspectives on the Meaning of Death in Depressive Suicidal Black Metal Music through Musical Representations|type=MMus|institution=University of London|url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:12942/CONTENT/mselimyavuznamedfinal.pdf/|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref>
** [[Black metal|Depressive suicidal black metal]]
* [[Doom metal|Blackened death-doom]]<ref name="BDD">{{cite web|last1=Kelly|first1=Kim|date=29 March 2017|title=Morast Expertly Synthesize Black, Death, and Doom Metal on 'Ancestral Void'|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void|website=Noisey Vice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114417/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void|archive-date=19 August 2018|access-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Blackened death-doom]]
* [[Blackened death metal]]<ref name="BDD2">{{cite web|last1=Kelly|first1=Kim|date=29 March 2017|title=Morast Expertly Synthesize Black, Death, and Doom Metal on 'Ancestral Void'|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void|website=Noisey Vice|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819114417/https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/aepy85/morast-expertly-synthesize-black-death-and-doom-metal-on-ancestral-void|archive-date=19 August 2018|access-date=18 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=Hacavitz - Venganza Review|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/reviews/gr/hacavitz.htm|work=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629143717/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/reviews/gr/hacavitz.htm|archive-date=29 June 2011|access-date=3 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Blackened death metal]]
** [[Blackened death metal|Melodic black-death]]<ref name="Blackened Melodic Death Metal: A History Lesson">{{cite web|last1=ANDREW|first1=J|date=19 February 2015|title=Blackened Melodic Death Metal: A History Lesson|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/lists/blackened-melodic-death-metal-a-history-lesson|website=Metal Injection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713171053/http://www.metalinjection.net/lists/blackened-melodic-death-metal-a-history-lesson|archive-date=13 July 2018|access-date=25 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Blackened death metal|Melodic black-death]]
** [[Blackened death metal|War metal]]<ref name="wbm">Wolf-Rüdiger Mühlmann: ''War Black Metal: Die Extremsten der Extremen''. ''Was bleibt, ist Schutt und Asche''. In: ''Rock Hard'', no. 279, p. 71-73.</ref>
** [[Blackened death metal|War metal]]
* [[Black metal|Blackened thrash metal]]<ref name="loudwire.com">{{cite web|title=The Best Metal Album From 40 Subgenres|url=http://loudwire.com/best-metal-albums-subgenres/#photogallery-1=5|website=[[Loudwire]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140152/http://loudwire.com/best-metal-albums-subgenres/#photogallery-1=5|archive-date=12 June 2018|access-date=29 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Blackened thrash metal]]
* [[Death-doom]]<ref name="terrorizerdoom">Tracey, Ciaran (March 2006). "Doom/Death: United in Grief", ''[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]]'' #142, pp.54-55.</ref>
* [[Death-doom]]
** [[Doom metal|Funeral doom]]
** [[Doom metal|Funeral doom]]<ref name="Kahn-Harris" />
* [[Death metal|Deathrash]]<ref name="Deathrash">{{cite web|last=FORD|first=LEYLA|date=3 January 2012|title=ALBUM OF THE DAY: DEATHCHAIN'S DEATHRASH ASSAULT|url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2012/01/03/album-of-the-day-deathchains-deathrash-assault/|publisher=Metal Sucks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403175912/http://www.metalsucks.net/2012/01/03/album-of-the-day-deathchains-deathrash-assault/|archive-date=3 April 2017|access-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ekeroth">{{cite book|last=Ekeroth|first=Daniel|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRRvfWp95FIC|title=Swedish Death Metal|publisher=Bazillion Points Books|isbn=978-0-9796163-1-0|access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref>
* [[Death metal|Deathrash]]


==== Perpaduan dengan gaya punk rock ====
==== Perpaduan dengan gaya punk rock ====


* [[Crossover thrash]]<ref name="la-weekly-best10">{{cite web|author=DiStefano, Alex|date=23 February 2015|title=The 10 Best Crossover Thrash Bands|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/the-10-best-crossover-thrash-bands-5398807|work=[[LA Weekly]]|access-date=30 November 2015}}</ref>
* [[Crossover thrash]]
* [[Crust punk]]<ref name="Rise of Crust">{{cite web|last=Von Havoc|first=Felix|date=1 January 1984|title=Rise of Crust|url=http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83|publisher=Profane Existence|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615163312/http://www.havocrex.com/press/article/3/83|archive-date=15 June 2008|access-date=16 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Crust punk]]
** [[Crust punk|Blackened crust]]
** [[Crust punk|Blackened crust]]<ref name="Rise of Crust" />
*** [[Black metal|Red and Anarchist black metal]]<ref name="StuBru">{{Cite web|title=De Zwaarste Metalgids: 66 metalgenres in één zin uitgelegd|url=https://stubru.be/dezwaarstelijst/dezwaarstemetalgids66metalgenresineenzinuitgelegd|website=[[Studio Brussel]]|language=de|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gevorgyan|first=Elen|title=Music, Ideology and How They Interact: A Journey from Sacred Music to Black Metal|url=https://baec.aua.am/files/2020/09/Elen-Gevorgyan_Music-Ideology-and-How-They-Interact.-From-Sacred-Music-to-Black-Metal-1.pdf|website=[[American University of Armenia]]|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.academia.edu/38849811|title=Black Metal Theory Symposium Program|last=Nonjon|first=Adrien|date=2019|publisher=[[University of Ljubljana]]|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="panopticon">{{Cite web|date=19 July 2012|title=If It Ain't Got No Blastbeat, It's Not My Revolution: Panopticon|url=http://www.popmatters.com/column/161118-if-it-aint-got-no-blastbeat-its-not-my-revolution-panopticon/|website=PopMatters|access-date=10 May 2016}}</ref>
*** [[Black metal|Red and Anarchist black metal]]
** [[Crust punk|Crustcore]]
** [[Crust punk|Crustcore]]<ref name="Rise of Crust" />
** [[Crust punk|Crack rock steady]]<ref name="AV Club">{{cite web|title=14 Bush-era political artworks that stood the test of time|url=https://tv.avclub.com/14-bush-era-political-artworks-that-stood-the-test-of-t-1798256779|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref>
** [[Crust punk|Crack rock steady]]
* [[Grindcore]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Prown|first1=Pete|last2=Newquist|first2=Harvey P.|year=1997|title=Legends of Rock Guitar: The Essential Reference of Rock's Greatest Guitarists|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-0793540426|page=249|chapter=Chapter Thirty-three: Industrial and Grindcore}}</ref>
* [[Grindcore]]
** [[Black metal|Blackened grindcore]]<ref>{{cite web|date=16 September 2015|title=Converse Rubber Tracks x MetalSucks 2015 Preview: Dendritic Arbor - MetalSucks|url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2015/09/16/converse-rubber-tracks-x-metalsucks-2015-preview-dendritic-arbor/|publisher=[[Metal Sucks]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075309/http://www.metalsucks.net/2015/09/16/converse-rubber-tracks-x-metalsucks-2015-preview-dendritic-arbor/|archive-date=27 August 2018|access-date=27 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Black metal|Blackened grindcore]]
** [[Deathgrind]]<ref name="grindyourmind">[[Danny Lilker|Lilker, Danny]], ''Grind Your Mind: A History of Grindcore'' liner notes. Mayan Records, MYNDD056, 2007.</ref>
** [[Deathgrind]]
** [[Grindcore|Electrogrind]]
** [[Grindcore|Electrogrind]]<ref name="egrind">Kevin Stewart-Panko, "Shock Tactics", "Grindcore Special", part 2, p. 52-53</ref>
** [[Goregrind]]<ref name="Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture">{{cite book|last=Purcell|first=Natalie J.|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZErQs5hCUQC&q=%22gore+grind%22&pg=PA24|title=Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-7864-1585-1|pages=23–24|access-date=28 November 2007}}</ref>
** [[Goregrind]]
** [[Grindcore|Noisegrind]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2018/03/06/fear-of-god-founder-erich-keller-talks-grindcore-history-album-reissue/|title=Fear of God Founder Erich Keller Talks Grindcore History, Album Reissue|date=6 March 2018|magazine=[[Decibel Magazine]]}}</ref>
** [[Grindcore|Noisegrind]]
** [[Pornogrind]]<ref name="independent">{{cite news|author=Brown, Jonathon|date=6 September 2007|title=Everything you ever wanted to know about pop (but were too old to ask)|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-pop-but-were-too-old-to-ask-463915.html|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923213816/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-pop-but-were-too-old-to-ask-463915.html|archive-date=23 September 2009|access-date=16 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture" />
** [[Pornogrind]]
* [[Metalcore]]<ref name="WhatIsMetalcore">{{cite web|last=Bowar|first=Chad|title=What Is Metalcore?|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/metalcore.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref>
* [[Metalcore]]
** [[Deathcore]]<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Alex|title=Desolation of Eden|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/release/desolation-of-eden-mr0002871032|website=AllMusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816062202/https://www.allmusic.com/album/release/desolation-of-eden-mr0002871032|archive-date=16 August 2018|access-date=26 June 2015|quote=Deathcore -- the type of noisy, caustic, abrasive mixture of metalcore and death metal that [[Chelsea Grin]] offer on their first full-length album, [[Desolation of Eden]] -- is bound to annoy a lot of parents, which is exactly the point."|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="allmusic heaven">{{cite web|last=Rivadavia|first=Eduardo|title=Heaven Shall Burn|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p519192|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019002935/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p519192|archive-date=19 October 2015|access-date=25 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Henderson|first=Alex|title=Burning Skies|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/burning-skies-p671407/biography|work=[[AllMusic]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115211224/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/burning-skies-p671407/biography|archive-date=15 January 2016|access-date=25 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gorania|first=Jay H.|title=Despised Icon - 'Day Of Mourning'|url=http://heavymetal.about.com/od/d/gr/despisedicon-dayofmourning.htm|publisher=[[About.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075400/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/d/gr/despisedicon-dayofmourning.htm|archive-date=7 July 2011|access-date=25 March 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Chichester|first=Sammi|date=19 October 2012|title=Dan Kenny of Suicide Silence Picks the Top Five Underground Death-Metal Bands|url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/dan-kenny-of-suicide-silence-picks-his-top-five-underground-death-metal-bands.html|website=[[Revolver (magazine)|Revolver]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222102351/http://www.revolvermag.com/news/dan-kenny-of-suicide-silence-picks-his-top-five-underground-death-metal-bands.html|archive-date=22 December 2015|access-date=11 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Deathcore]]
** [[Pop-punk|Easycore]]<ref>{{cite web|title=omaha easycore band everbloom releases new self-produced single and video|url=http://www.dailynebraskan.com/culture/omaha-easycore-band-everbloom-releases-new-self-produced-single-and-video/article_f7488d20-807c-11eb-9736-ebba97166030.html|website=[[The Daily Nebraskan]]|access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>
** [[Pop-punk|Easycore]]
** [[Electronicore]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Heaney|first=George|title=Ghost Town – ''The After Party''|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-after-party-mw0002664252|website=[[AllMusic]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025150/http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-after-party-mw0002664252|archive-date=17 November 2015|access-date=22 October 2015|quote=most electronicore is essentially metalcore with some synths tacked on for good measure|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Electronicore]]
** [[Mathcore]]<ref name="wang">{{cite web|last=Wang|first=Angel|date=31 October 2014|title=Mad for Mathcore: Appreciating a Subgenre of Heavy Metal Rock Music|url=http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/breakfastserial/2014/10/31/mad-for-mathcore-appreciating-a-subgenre-of-heavy-metal-rock-music/|website=blogs.cuit.columbia.edu|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402115327/http://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/breakfastserial/2014/10/31/mad-for-mathcore-appreciating-a-subgenre-of-heavy-metal-rock-music/|archive-date=2 April 2016|access-date=17 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Mathcore]]
** [[Melodic metalcore]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=At The Gates Albums Ranked|url=http://loudwire.com/at-the-gates-albums-ranked/|website=Loudwire|language=en-US|access-date=29 May 2017}}</ref>
** [[Melodic metalcore]]
** [[Nu metal|Nu metalcore]]<ref name="Thrash Hits - Nu metalcore">{{cite web|title=Thrash Hits - Nu metalcore|url=http://www.thrashhits.com/2013/09/nu-metalcore-is-definitely-happening-why/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315001209/http://www.thrashhits.com/2013/09/nu-metalcore-is-definitely-happening-why/|archive-date=15 March 2017|access-date=3 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
** [[Nu metal|Nu metalcore]]
** [[Progressive metalcore]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Giffin|first=Brian|year=2015|title=Encyclopaedia of Australian Heavy Metal|location=Australia|publisher=DarkStar|isbn=9780994320612}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite news|date=3 October 2016|title=Quick Review: AURAS Heliospectrum - Metal Injection|url=http://www.metalinjection.net/reviews/auras-heliospectrum|work=Metal Injection|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716092659/http://www.metalinjection.net/reviews/auras-heliospectrum|archive-date=16 July 2017|access-date=26 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Progressive metalcore]]
* [[Sludge metal]]<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod">{{cite web|author=Huey, Steve|title=Eyehategod|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p38682|pure_url=yes}}|work=[[Allmusic]]|access-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>
* [[Sludge metal]]
** [[Sludge metal|Sludgecore]]<ref name="Pearson2020">{{cite book|last1=Pearson|first1=David|year=2020|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=CooIEAAAQBAJ|page=121}}|title=Rebel Music in the Triumphant Empire: Punk Rock in the 1990s United States|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0197534885|pages=121|chapter=Ch3-The Dystopian Sublime of Extreme Hardcore Punk}}</ref>
** [[Sludge metal|Sludgecore]]


==== Perpaduan dengan gaya rock lainnya ====
==== Perpaduan dengan gaya rock lainnya ====


* [[Black metal|Black 'n' roll]]<ref>{{cite news|date=12 February 2013|title=Vreid: 'The Reap' Video Released|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/vreid-the-reap-video-released/|work=[[Blabbermouth.net]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223091121/http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/vreid-the-reap-video-released/|archive-date=23 December 2015|access-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="terrorizer-roll1">{{cite web|author=Whelan, Kez|date=17 September 2013|title=Incubate Preview: Khold|url=http://www.terrorizer.com/news/festivals/incubate-preview-khold/|work=[[Terrorizer (magazine)|Terrorizer]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223165950/http://www.terrorizer.com/news/festivals/incubate-preview-khold/|archive-date=23 December 2015|access-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Kelly, Kim|date=14 August 2014|title=Hell Awaits: Disemballerina, Khold, Heavydeath and more|url=http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/419-hell-awaits-disemballerina-khold-heavydeath-and-more/|publisher=[[pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223084958/http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/419-hell-awaits-disemballerina-khold-heavydeath-and-more/|archive-date=23 December 2015|access-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Black metal|Black 'n' roll]]
* [[Death 'n' roll]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/phazm/antebellum-death-n-roll.htm|title=Stylus magazine review|author=Cosmo Lee|access-date=18 July 2008|quote="Death 'n' roll" arose with Entombed's 1993 album Wolverine Blues ... Wolverine Blues was like '70s hard rock tuned down and run through massive distortion and death growls.|magazine=[[Stylus Magazine]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617183213/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/phazm/antebellum-death-n-roll.htm|archive-date=17 June 2008}}</ref>
* [[Death 'n' roll]]
* [[Doom metal|Gothic-doom]]<ref name="Foreshadowing">{{cite web|author=Ramirez, Carlos|date=12 October 2012|title=THE FORESHADOWING CRAFT GOTHIC DOOM MASTERPIECES|url=http://noisecreep.com/the-foreshadowing-band/|work=Noise Creep|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811195109/http://noisecreep.com/the-foreshadowing-band/|archive-date=11 August 2018|access-date=11 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Gothic-doom]]
* [[Doom metal|Progressive doom]]<ref>{{cite web|date=15 March 2018|title=The 9 albums that inspired King Goat's progressive doom sound|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/the-9-albums-that-inspired-king-goats-progressive-doom-sound}}</ref>
* [[Doom metal|Progressive doom]]
* [[Stoner rock|Stoner metal]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Ellis, Iain|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6hDB4kV9s4C&q=Stoner+rock+subgenre&pg=PT267|title=Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists|publisher=Soft Skull Press|isbn=978-1-59376-206-3|page=258}}</ref>
* [[Stoner rock|Stoner metal]]
** [[Stoner rock|Desert rock]]<ref name="DoomDOC">{{cite thesis|last=Burke|first=David|title=Political Expression in Doom Metal|url=https://www.academia.edu/37823045|date=2018|type=MA|institution=University of Southampton|access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>
** [[Stoner rock|Desert rock]]


==== Perpaduan dengan gaya musik lainnya ====
==== Perpaduan dengan gaya musik lainnya ====


* [[Drone metal]]
* [[Drone metal]]<ref name="Kahn-Harris" />
* [[Pagan metal]]<ref name="Wiederhorn62">[[Extreme metal#Wiederhorn2009|Wiederhorn 2009]], p. 62.</ref><ref name="Montreal">{{cite news|author=Cummins, Johnson|date=April 2009|title=Myth Demeanour: Finland's Korpiklaani lead the pagan metal pack|url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/2009/042309/music4.html|newspaper=[[Montreal Mirror]]|volume=24|issue=44|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701021934/http://www.montrealmirror.com/2009/042309/music4.html|archive-date=1 July 2009|access-date=11 May 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Pagan metal]]
* [[Viking metal]]
* [[Viking metal|Viking metal{{sfn|Jonsson|2011}}]]


=== Derivatif ===
=== Derivatif ===
Genre yang dipengaruhi oleh metal ekstrim tetapi biasanya tidak dianggap ekstrim itu sendiri:
Genre yang dipengaruhi oleh metal ekstrim tetapi biasanya tidak dianggap ekstrim itu sendiri:


* [[Avant-garde metal]]<ref name="soundofbeast">[[Ian Christe|Christe, Ian]] (2004). ''[[Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal]]''. [[Harper Paperbacks]]. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eWRv3E59V0YC&pg=PA253&dq=%22avant+garde+metal%22&hl=en&ei=9zc9TsaBBMj40gGUt4XSAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEkQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22avant%20garde%20metal%22&f=false 253]. {{ISBN|0380811278}}. Retrieved 6 August 2011.</ref>
* [[Avant-garde metal]]
* [[Beatdown hardcore]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];<ref name="Radio">{{cite web|date=October 21, 2013|title=5 Under the Radar Metal Bands That Are Pushing Boundaries|url=http://news.radio.com/2013/10/21/5-under-the-radar-metal-bands-that-are-pushing-boundaries/|website=Radio.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330070834/http://news.radio.com/2013/10/21/5-under-the-radar-metal-bands-that-are-pushing-boundaries/|archive-date=30 March 2014|access-date=November 11, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Janosik|first1=MaryAnn|date=2006|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History: The video generation, 1981-1990|publisher=Greenwood Press|page=231|quote=Heavy hardcore was considered hardcore based more in metal, adding heavier thrash metal riff stylings}}</ref>
* [[Beatdown hardcore]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];
* [[Dungeon synth]], dipengaruhi oleh [[black metal]];
* [[Dungeon synth]], dipengaruhi oleh [[black metal]];<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stuart Maconie|date=24 May 2020|title=Dungeon Synth|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000jfsk|website=BBC Radio 6 Music|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref>
* [[Funk metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];<ref name="primusbook">{{cite book|last1=Prato|first1=Greg|date=16 September 2014|title=Primus, Over the Electric Grapevine: Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool|publisher=Akashic Books|isbn=978-1-61775-322-0}}</ref>
* [[Funk metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];
* [[Gothic metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[death-doom]] dan [[doom metal]];
* [[Gothic metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[death-doom]] dan [[doom metal]];<ref>''Metal Hammer #173''</ref><ref name="terrorizerdoom" />
* [[Groove metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]] dan [[death metal]];<ref>{{cite web|last=Coyle|first=Doc|title=Hidden Gems: Rediscovering The '90s Post-Thrash Groove Metal Scene|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/45371/90s-post-thrash-groove-metal-scene/|publisher=[[VH1]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031546/http://www.vh1.com/news/45371/90s-post-thrash-groove-metal-scene/|archive-date=31 July 2018|access-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BadBrains">{{cite web|last=Ramirez|first=Carlos|title=Rediscovered Steel - Prong's 'Beg to Differ' - Noisecreep|url=http://www.noisecreep.com/2009/06/11/rediscovered-steel-prongs-beg-to-differ/|website=[[Noisecreep]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826022246/http://www.noisecreep.com/2009/06/11/rediscovered-steel-prongs-beg-to-differ/|archive-date=26 August 2009|access-date=10 July 2010|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sound of the Beast">{{citation|author=Christe|year=2003|page=264|quote=As close to death metal as any other gold-selling record before it, ''Chaos A.D.'' stripped down Sepultura's sound into a coarse metallic loop. The CD sold half a million copies, and alongside Pantera the band forged a streetwise, death-derived groove metal that inspired an upcoming generation of mavens in the 1990s.|title=[[Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal|Sound of the Beast]]}}</ref>
* [[Groove metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]] dan [[death metal]];
* [[Grunge]], dipengaruhi oleh [[sludge metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Get Thrashed: The Story of Thrash Metal|url=https://getthrashed.com|access-date=9 November 2018|quote=from its early years, through its influence on grunge, nu metal and today's heavy metal scene.}}</ref><ref name="Strong, Catherine 2016. p.18">Strong, Catherine. ''Grunge: Music and Memory''. Routledge, 2016. p.18</ref><ref name="Henderson, Justin 2016">Henderson, Justin. ''Grunge: Seattle''. Roaring Forties Press, 2016. Ch. 5</ref>
* [[Grunge]], dipengaruhi oleh [[sludge metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];
* [[Neoclassical metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[speed metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Helloween - Biography & History - AllMusic|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/helloween-mn0000957340/biography|website=AllMusic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062238/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/helloween-mn0000957340/biography|archive-date=31 July 2018|access-date=30 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Neoclassical metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[speed metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];
* [[Nu metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];<ref name="HarvardCrimson">{{cite web|last=Packard|first=Michael T.|date=November 9, 2001|title=Heavy Metal|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2001/11/9/heavy-metal-the-pledge-of-allegiance/|work=[[The Harvard Crimson]]}}</ref>
* [[Nu metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[thrash metal]];
* [[Post-metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[doom metal]] dan setelah nya oleh [[black metal]];<ref name="bandcamp">{{cite web|last=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|date=4 August 2016|title=A Brief History of Post-Metal|url=https://daily.bandcamp.com/2016/08/04/a-brief-history-of-post-metal/|publisher=Bandcamp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520183403/https://daily.bandcamp.com/2016/08/04/a-brief-history-of-post-metal/|archive-date=20 May 2017|access-date=14 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Post-metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[doom metal]] dan setelah nya oleh [[black metal]];
* [[Power metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[speed metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];
* [[Power metal]], dipengaruhi oleh [[speed metal]] dan [[thrash metal]];<ref>[http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/powermetal.htm ''What Is Power Metal?'', by Dan Marsicano] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425112002/http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/p/powermetal.htm|date=25 April 2009}} (about.com)</ref>
* [[Screamo|Sass]], dipengaruhi oleh [[grindcore]] dan [[metalcore]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=ROA|first1=RAY|title=WTF is sasscore, and why is SeeYouSpaceCowboy bringing it to St. Petersburg's Lucky You Tattoo?|url=https://www.cltampa.com/music/show-previews/article/21012214/wtf-is-sasscore-and-why-is-seeyouspacecowboy-bringing-it-to-st-petersburgs-lucky-you-tattoo|website=[[Creative Loafing]]|access-date=February 9, 2019|quote=The subgenre of hardcore takes a little bit of grindcore, emoviolence, metalcore and moshcore and then mixes in gay tendencies and clever lyrics with some fantastically aggro results.}}</ref>
* [[Screamo|Sass]], dipengaruhi oleh [[grindcore]] dan [[metalcore]].


== Kutipan ==
== Kutipan ==

Revisi per 22 Februari 2022 05.00

Metal ekstrim
Venom sangat penting bagi perkembangan speed metal menjadi thrash metal menjadi black metal.
Nama lainExtreme metal
Sumber aliran
Sumber kebudayaan1980an, Amerika Serikat dan Eropa
Bentuk turunan
Subgenre
Genre campuran (fusion)
Antara genre metal ekstrim
Dengan punk rock
Dengan gaya rock lainnya
Dengan gaya musik lainnya
Versi regional
Versi lokal
Topik lainnya

Metal ekstrim adalah istilah umum yang didefinisikan secara longgar untuk sejumlah subgenre musik heavy metal terkait yang telah berkembang sejak awal 1980-an. Ini telah didefinisikan sebagai "kelompok subgenre metal yang dicirikan oleh transgressi sonik, verbal, dan visual".[1]

Istilah ini biasanya mengacu pada gaya yang lebih abrasif, lebih keras, underground, non-komersial terkait dengan genre speed metal, thrash metal, black metal, death metal,[2] dan doom metal. Hardcore punk telah dianggap sebagai bagian integral dari perkembangan ekstrim metal, dalam hal struktur lagu dan kecepatan,[3][4] dalam setiap kasus selain doom metal.[5]

Definisi

Band ekstrim metal membedakan diri mereka dari band heavy metal tradisional, seperti Iron Maiden, Judas Priest dan Motorhead, dengan menggabungkan karakteristik musik yang lebih abrasif seperti tempo yang lebih tinggi, peningkatan agresi dan ekstremitas yang lebih keras. Di sebagian besar dunia, logam ekstrem tidak menerima banyak pemutaran radio atau mencapai posisi grafik tinggi.[6]

Kelebihan sonik Extreme metal ditandai dengan distorsi tingkat tinggi (juga pada vokal – menggeram, berkumur atau menjerit), kurang fokus pada solo gitar dan melodi, penekanan pada kontrol teknis, dan tempo cepat (kadang-kadang, lebih dari 200 ketukan per menit. ). Pelanggaran tematiknya dapat ditemukan dalam referensi yang lebih terbuka dan/atau serius tentang Setanisme dan aspek lebih gelap dari keberadaan manusia yang dianggap di luar batas atau tidak menyenangkan, seperti kematian, bunuh diri, dan perang." "Pelanggaran visual [dapat mencakup] .. .persenjataan abad pertengahan [dan] karya seni berdarah/mengerikan."[7]

Menurut etnografer Keith Kahn-Harris,[8] karakteristik yang menentukan dari logam ekstrem semua dapat dianggap sebagai transgresif yang jelas: sifat-sifat "ekstrim" yang disebutkan di atas semuanya dimaksudkan untuk melanggar atau melampaui batas-batas budaya, seni, sosial atau estetika yang diberikan. Kahn-Harris menyatakan bahwa metal ekstrim dapat "hampir menjadi ... kebisingan tak berbentuk", setidaknya untuk pendengar yang belum tahu.[8] Dia menyatakan bahwa dengan lirik metal ekstrim, mereka sering "tidak menawarkan kemungkinan harapan atau penebusan" dan lirik sering merujuk tema apokaliptik. Lirik ekstrim metal sering menggambarkan Kekristenan sebagai lemah atau tunduk, [8] dan banyak lagu mengungkapkan pandangan misantropis seperti "membunuh segala sesuatu".[8] Sejumlah kecil band metal ekstrim dan lirik lagu mengambil sikap politik radikal (kiri atau kanan); misalnya, band black metal Swedia Marduk telah sering merujuk tank Nazi Panzer, yang dapat dilihat dalam karya-karya seperti Panzer Division Marduk (1999).[8]

Sejarah

Venom pada 2008

Band Inggris Venom adalah salah satu band pertama yang menjelajah ke wilayah metal ekstrim, karena pergeseran ideologis mereka ke tema kejahatan, iblis dan neraka.[3] Dua album pertama mereka, Welcome to Hell (1981) dan Black Metal (1982), dianggap berpengaruh besar pada thrash metal dan extreme metal pada umumnya.[8] Karya awal Venom ini, dalam kombinasi dengan band-band seperti Discharge, the Exploited dan Amebix serta hardcore punk Amerika membawa elemen integral ke lanskap metal ekstrim yang sedang berkembang pada saat itu.[3] Pada tahun 1983, Metallica akan merilis album debut mereka Kill 'Em All, yang memadukan unsur-unsur gelombang baru heavy metal Inggris dengan hardcore punk dan gaya Motorhead, menjadi album thrash metal pertama,[9] dan pada akhirnya akan disertifikasi triple platinum.[10] Beberapa bulan kemudian, Slayer akan merilis album thrash metal mereka sendiri Show No Mercy, dipengaruhi oleh suara Venom, Judas Priest, Iron Maiden, dan Mercyful Fate.[11]

Ketika band metal ekstrim Hellhammer pertama kali mulai membuat musik, umumnya dikritik oleh para kritikus, yang mengarah ke anggota membentuk Celtic Frost di tempatnya, yang terbukti sangat berpengaruh pada perkembangan genre. Selama periode ini, garis antara genre metal ekstrim menjadi kabur, karena band-band thrash metal seperti Slayer, Sepultura, Sodom, Destruction dan Kreator merupakan bagian integral dari scene black metal gelombang pertama.[3] Sampul depan album debut 1987 Sarcófago, I.N.R.I., dianggap sebagai pengaruh besar pada riasan gaya cat mayat black metal.[12] Rekaman itu juga dianggap sebagai salah satu album black metal gelombang pertama yang membantu membentuk genre ini. Album kedua mereka, The Laws of Scourge, adalah salah satu rekaman death metal teknikal pertama yang dirilis.[13]

Daftar genre

Ini adalah daftar dinamis, yang mungkin tidak dapat memuaskan standar tertentu untuk kelengkapan. Anda dapat membantu dengan mengembangkannya dengan menambahkan klaim yang diberikan sumber tepercaya.

Genre utama

Subgenre dari genre primer

Subgenre black metal

Subgenre death metal

Subgenre doom metal

Genre perpaduan

Perpaduan antara genre utama

Perpaduan dengan gaya punk rock

Perpaduan dengan gaya rock lainnya

Perpaduan dengan gaya musik lainnya

Derivatif

Genre yang dipengaruhi oleh metal ekstrim tetapi biasanya tidak dianggap ekstrim itu sendiri:

Kutipan

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Bacaan lebih lanjut

Crocker, Chris (1993). Metallica: The Frayed Ends of MetalPerlu mendaftar (gratis). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-08635-0. 

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