Ralph Townsend
| Ralph Townsend | |
|---|---|
 Townsend pada 1934 | |
| Lahir | 27 November 1900 Raynham, Carolina Utara |
| Meninggal | 25 Januari 1976 (umur 75) Fairfax, Virginia |
| Almamater | Columbia School of Journalism |
| Dikenal atas | advokasi non-intervensionisme, penangkapan dan penahanan sebagai agen Jepang |
| Karya terkenal | Ways That Are Dark: The Truth About China |
| Suami/istri | Janet (dari 16 Oktober 1926)[1] |
Ralph Townsend (27 November 1900 – 25 Januari 1976) adalah seorang penulis, konsul dan aktivis politik asal Amerika Serikat. Ia dikenal karena menentang Amerika Serikat terlibat dalam Perang Dunia II. Ia bertugas dalam jabatan asing sebagai konsul yang ditempatkan di Kanada dan Tiongkok dari 1931 sampai 1933. Tak lama setelah pulang ke Amerika Serikat. Ia menjadi dikenal karena membuat buku Ways That Are Dark: The Truth About China, sebuah kritikan pedas terhadap budaya Tionghoa yang menjadi buku berpenjualan terbaik yang sangat kontroversial. Townsend menjadi advokat berpengaruh dari non-intervensionisme. Pada 1930an dan 1940an, ia dikenal karena menentang kebijakan luar negeri dari pemerintahan Roosevelt dari sudut pandang pro-Jepang dan pro-netralitas.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Marriage Records, 1810–1973, Volumes 145–146, 345.
Buku yang dikutip[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Carlson, John Roy, Under cover: My four years in the Nazi underworld of America (Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1943).
- Cole, Wayne S., America First: The Battle Against Intervention, 1940–41 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1953).
- Doenecke, Justus, Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention 1939–1941 (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000).
- Doenecke, Justus, Anti-intervention: a bibliographical introduction to isolationism and pacifism from World War I to the early Cold War (New York: Garland, 1987).
- Eggleston, George Teeple, Roosevelt, Churchill, and the World War II Opposition : A Revisionist Autobiography (Old Greenwich, Connecticut: Devin-Adair Co., 1979).
- Hoke, Henry, It's A Secret (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1946).
- Martell, Edward et al., Who Was Who Among English and European Authors, 1931–1949 (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1978).
- Mintz, Frank P., Revisionism and the Origins of Pearl Harbor (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1985).
- O'Connor, Peter, "General Introduction," in Japanese Propaganda: Selected Readings, Series 2, Volume 1, ed. Peter O'Connor (Tokyo: Edition Synapse, 2005).
- Rogge, O. John, The Official German Report: Nazi penetration 1924–1942 (New York: T. Yoseloff, 1961).
- Schonbach, Morris, Native American Fascism During the 1930s and 1940s (New York: Garland, 1985).
- Steele, Richard W., Free speech in the Good War (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
- Tanaka, Hideo, "ラルフ・タウンゼントの思想が現代にうったえてくるもの," in 暗黒大陸中国の真実, (Tokyo: Fuyo Shobo, 2007).
- Townsend, Ralph, Ways That Are Dark: The Truth About China (New York: Putnam, 1933).
- Townsend, Ralph, Asia Answers (New York: Putnam, 1936).
- Walker, Samuel, Presidents and Civil Liberties from Wilson to Obama: A Story of Poor Custodians (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Townsend's first book Ways That Are Dark
- Townsend's second book Asia Answers
- 1938 pamphlet America Has No Enemies in Asia
- 1939 pamphlet The High Cost of Hate
- 1940 pamphlet Seeking Foreign Trouble
- Transcript of Townsend's complete 1941 testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
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