Lihat sumber Raj Britania Raya

{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name                = Raj Britania Raya
| native_name                = British Raj {{small|(Inggris)}}<br/>ब्रिटिश राज {{small|(Hindi)}}<br/>برطانوی راج {{small|(Urdu)}}<br/>ব্রিটিশ রাজ {{small| (Bengali)}}<br>ဗြိတိသျှအင်ပါယာ {{small|(Burma)}}
| common_name                = India
| continent                = Asia
| region                = Anak benua India
| country                = India
| status                = Koloni Britania Raya
| motto                = "Heaven's Light Our Guide"<br>("Cahaya Surga Memandu Kami")
| p1                = Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya
| flag_p1                = Flag_of_the_British_East_India_Company_(1801).svg
| p2                = Kekaisaran Mughal
| flag_p2                = Captured_flag_of_the_Mughal_Empire_(1857).png
| p3                = Keamiran Afganistan
| flag_p3                = Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg
| p4                = Azad Hind
| flag_p4                = 1931 Flag of India.svg
| p5                = Keresidenan Teluk Persia
| flag_p5                = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
| p6                = Dinasti Konbaung
| flag_p6                = National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg
| s1                = Dominion India
| flag_s1                = Flag of India.svg
| s2                = Dominion Pakistan
| flag_s2                = Flag of Pakistan.svg
| s3                = Burma Britania
| flag_s3                = British Burma 1937 flag.svg
| s4                = Negara-Negara Gencatan Senjata
| flag_s4                = Flag of the Trucial States.svg
| s5                = Bahrain
| flag_s5                = Flag of Bahrain (1932 to 1972).svg
| s6                = Muskat dan Oman
| flag_s6                = Flag of Muscat.svg
| s7                = Keamiran Kuwait
| flag_s7                = Flag of Kuwait (1940-1961).svg
| s8                = Qatar
| flag_s8                = Flag of Qatar (1936–1949).svg
| s9                = Koloni Aden
| flag_s9                = Flag of Aden (1937–1963).svg
| s10               = Negeri-Negeri Selat
| flag_s10          = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| s11               = Somaliland Britania Raya
| flag_s11          = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| s12               = Kerajaan Irak
| flag_s12          = Flag of Iraq (1924–1959).svg
| image_flag                = British Raj Red Ensign (3-2).svg
| flag_type                = [[Bendera India|Bintang India (bendera)]]
| image_coat                = Star-of-India-gold-centre.svg
| symbol_type                = Bintang India
| national_anthem                = "[[God Save the King|God Save the King/Queen]]" <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[Berkas:United States Navy Band - God Save the Queen.ogg]]}}</div>
| image_map                = British India (orthographic projection).svg
| image_map_caption                = Raj Britania Raya pada tahun 1936
| capital                = [[Kolkata]] {{small|(1858-1911)}}{{efn|[[Shimla]] adalah ibu kota musim panas India Britania Raya, bukan Raj Britania Raya yang di dalamnya termasuk wilayah India Britania Raya dan princely state.}}<br> [[New Delhi]] {{small|(1911-1947)}}
| common_languages                = {{hlist|[[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]|[[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]]|[[Bahasa Hindi|Hindi]]|[[Bahasa Bengali|Bengali]]|[[Bahasa Burma|Burma]]|[[Bahasa di India|berbagai bahasa Asia Selatan]]}}
| government_type                = Koloni Britania Raya
| title_leader                = [[Monarki Britania Raya|Raja/Ratu]] dan [[Kaisar India|Kaisar India Britania Raya]]{{sup|a}}
| leader1                = [[Ratu Victoria|Victoria]]
| year_leader1                = 1858–1901
| leader2                = [[Edward VII]]
| year_leader2                = 1901–1910
| leader3                = [[George V]]
| year_leader3                = 1910–1936
| leader4                = [[Edward VIII]]
| year_leader4                = 1936
| leader5                = [[George VI]]
| year_leader5                = 1936–1947
| title_representative                = [[Gubernur-Jenderal India|Raja Muda]]{{sup|b}}
| representative1                = [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Charles Canning]] (pertama)
| year_representative1                = 1858–1862
| representative2                = [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] (terakhir)
| year_representative2                = 1947
| title_deputy                = [[Sekretaris Negara untuk India|Sekretaris Negara]]
| deputy1                = [[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Edward Stanley]] (pertama)
| year_deputy1                = 1858–1859
| deputy2                = [[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel|William Hare]] (terakhir)
| year_deputy2                = 1947
| legislature                = [[Dewan Legislatif Kekaisaran]]
| event_pre                = [[Pertempuran Plassey|Perang Plassey]] & [[Pemberontakan India 1857|Pemberontakan India]]
| date_pre                = 23 Juni 1757 & 10 Mei 1857
| event_start                = [[Undang-Undang Pemerintah India 1858]]
| date_start                = 2 Agustus
| year_start                = 1858
| event_end                = [[Kemerdekaan India|Kemerdekaan India dari Britania Raya]]
| date_end                = 18 Juli
| year_end                = 1947
| event_post                = [[Pemisahan India]]
| date_post                = 15 Agustus 1947
| currency                = [[Rupee India]]
| footnote_a                = Gelar kaisar India ada dari tahun 1876–1948
| footnote_b                = Gelar lengkapnya adalah "Raja Muda dan Gubernur-Jenderal India"
| today                = {{flag|India}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br>{{flag|Myanmar}}<br>{{flag|Uni Emirat Arab}}<br>
{{flag|Bahrain}}<br>{{flag|Oman}}<br>{{flag|Kuwait}}<br>{{flag|Qatar}}<br>{{flag|Yaman}}<br>{{flag|Malaysia}}<br>{{flag|Singapura}}<br>{{flag|Somaliland}}<br>{{flag|Irak}}
}}
[[Berkas:British Empire 1921 IndianSubcontinent.png|jmpl|300px|[[Imperium Britania Raya]] pada puncaknya pada tahun 1919. India dan negara-negara lain di anakbenua India di bawah kekuasaan Britania Raya ditandai dengan warna ungu.]]
'''Raj Britania Raya''' ({{lang-en|British Raj}}; {{IPAc-en|r|ɑː|dʒ}}; dari ''rāj'', secara harfiah, "kekuasaan" dalam [[bahasa Hindustani|Hindustani]]),<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', edisi ke-2, 1989: dari [[Sanskrit|Skr.]] ''rāj'' "untuk memerintah, berkuasa", serumpun dengan [[Latin|L.]] ''rēx'', ''rēg-is'', [[Bahasa Irlandia Kuno|OIr.]] ''rī'', ''rīg'' "raja" (bandingan ''rich'').</ref> juga disebut '''Kekuasaan Mahkota di India''' atau '''kekuasaan langsung di India''', merujuk pada periode kekuasaan [[Britania Raya]] di [[anak benua India]], yang mencakup India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, dan Myanmar, di mana wilayah-wilayah tersebut berada dalam kekuasaan kolonial Britania Raya sebagai bagian dari [[Imperium Britania Raya]].<ref name="oed2008-british-raj">''Oxford English Dictionary'', edisi ke-3 (Juni 2008), edisi daring (September 2011): "spec. In full ''British Raj''. Direct rule in India by the British (1858–1947); this period of dominion."</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Stein|first=Burton|title=A History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=GBS.PA107|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-2351-1|page=107|quote= "When the formal rule of the Company was replaced by the direct rule of the British Crown in 1858, […]"|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Lowe|first=Lisa|title=The Intimacies of Four Continents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UMMECgAAQBAJ&pg=PT71|date= 2015|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-7564-7|page=71|quote=Company rule in India lasted effectively from the Battle of Plassey in 1757 until 1858, when following the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the British Crown assumed direct colonial rule of India in the new British Raj."|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Wright|first=Edmund|title=A Dictionary of World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POAwBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA537|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-968569-1|page=537|quote="More than 500 Indian kingdoms and principalities […] existed during the 'British Raj' period (1858–1947)"|language=en}}</ref> Sejak kemerdekaan negara-negara tersebut, masa sebelum kemerdekaan mereka disebut dengan istilah '''India Britania Raya''' (''British India''), walaupun sebelum kemerdekaan istilah tersebut hanya merujuk pada bagian anakbenua yang berada langsung di bawah pemerintahan Britania Raya di [[Delhi]] dan sebelumnya [[Kolkata]].

Banyak wilayah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan Britania Raya pada masa ini yang tidak langsung diperintah oleh orang-orang Britania Raya, melainkan merupakan "[[Wilayah kerajaan|Negara Kepangeranan]]" (''Princely State'') independen yang dipimpin oleh [[Maharaja]], [[Raja]], [[Thakur (gelar)|Thakur]], dan [[Nawab]], yang menandatangani perjanjian untuk tunduk pada monarki Britania Raya. Hal ini dimulai sejak 1858, sewaktu kekuasaan [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya]] dikembalikan ke Tahta Britania Raya, sampai tahun 1947, sewaktu India dibagi menjadi dua negara berdaulat, India dan Pakistan. Walaupun [[Sri Lanka]] (pada waktu itu disebut Ceylon) adalah periferal dari anakbenua India, wilayah ini tidak dianggap sebagai bagian dari Raj, karena diperintah sebagai [[koloni mahkota]] (''Crown Colony'') dari [[London]] dan bukan oleh Raja Muda India sebagai bagian dari '''Imperium India''' (''Indian Empire''). [[India Prancis]] dan [[India Portugal]] terdiri dari daerah-daerah kantung pesisir yang masing-masing diperintah oleh Prancis dan Portugal; wilayah-wilayah ini diintegrasikan ke dalam India setelah kemerdekaan India.

== Sejarah ==
[[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya]] sebagai perusahaan saham gabungan yang dimiliki Britania Raya, membentuk kongsi dagang di wilayah Samudra Hindia. Pada awalnya dengan [[Kekaisaran Mughal]] dan negara kecil di [[Hindia|Hindia Timur]], dan kemudian dengan [[Dinasti Qing|Kekaisaran Qing]] di Tiongkok. Perusahaan itu akhirnya mengambil alih sebagian besar [[Asia Selatan|anak benua India]], menjajah sebagian [[Asia Tenggara]], dan [[Hong Kong Britania Raya|Hong Kong]] setelah perang dengan [[Dinasti Qing|Kekaisaran Qing]]. Setelah perang pertama untuk kemerdekaan India yang dikenal [[Pemberontakan di India 1857|Pemberontakan India 1857]], Pemerintah Britania Raya mengambil alih pemerintahan untuk mendirikan Raj Britania Raya. [[Burma Britania Raya]] juga sempat dilebur ke dalam Raj ini sampai [[Gerakan Kemerdekaan India|Kemerdekaan India 1947]].

== Geografi ==
Raj Britania Raya membentang di hampir semua wilayah India, Pakistan, dan Bangladesh saat ini, kecuali pada kepemilikan kecil oleh negara-negara Eropa lainnya seperti [[Goa]] dan [[Pondicherry]].<ref name="British India geography">{{cite web|title=The Geography of British India, Political & Physical (1882)|url=https://archive.org/details/geographybritis00smitgoog|website=Archive.org|publisher=UK Archives|accessdate=2 Agustus 2014|language=en}}</ref>
Daerah ini sangat beragam, berisi pegunungan Himalaya, dataran banjir yang subur, Dataran Indus-Gangga, garis pantai panjang, hutan kering tropis, dataran tinggi kering, dan gurun Thar.<ref>{{cite book|author=Baten, Jörg |title=A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present.|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=247|isbn=9781107507180|language=en}}</ref> Selain itu, pada berbagai waktu, itu termasuk [[Koloni Aden|Aden]] (dari 1858 hingga 1937),<ref>Marshall (2001), hlm. 384</ref> [[Burma Hilir]] (dari 1858 hingga 1937), [[Burma Hulu]] (dari 1886 hingga 1937), [[Somaliland|Somaliland Britania Raya]] (sesaat dari 1884 hingga 1898), dan [[Singapura]] (sesaat dari 1858 hingga 1867). Burma dipisahkan dari India dan dikelola secara langsung oleh Imperium Britania Raya dari tahun 1937 hingga kemerdekaannya pada tahun 1948. [[Negara-Negara Gencatan Senjata|Negara bagian Trusial]] di [[Teluk Persia]] dan negara-negara di bawah [[Keresidenan Teluk Persia]] secara teori adalah wilayah kerajaan serta [[Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania Raya]] sampai 1947 serta menggunakan [[rupee]] sebagai satuan mata uang mereka.<ref>{{cite book |author=Subodh Kapoor |title=The Indian encyclopaedia: biographical, historical, religious ..., Volume 6 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |date=Januari 2002 |page=1599 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&pg=PA1599 |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |language=en}}</ref>

Di antara negara-negara lain di kawasan ini, [[Ceylon Britania Raya|Ceylon]] (sekarang [[Sri Lanka]]) diserahkan ke Britania Raya pada tahun 1802 di bawah [[Perjanjian Amiens]]. Ceylon adalah bagian dari [[Kepresidenan Madras]] antara 1793 dan 1798.<ref name="codringtonch10">[[#Codrington|Codrington]], 1926, Chapter X:Transition to British administration</ref> Kerajaan [[Kerajaan Nepal|Nepal]] dan [[Bhutan]], setelah berperang dengan Britania Raya, perjanjian kemudian ditandatangani dengan mereka dan diakui oleh Britania Raya sebagai negara merdeka.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal/Cultural-life#toc23631] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124082743/http://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal/Cultural-life|date=24 November 2015}} Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/place/Bhutan/Government-and-society#toc25008 "Bhutan."] Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.</ref> [[Kerajaan Sikkim]] didirikan sebagai wilayah kerajaan setelah Perjanjian Britania Raya-Sikkim pada tahun 1861; namun, masalah kedaulatan tidak terdefinisi.<ref>"Sikkim." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 5 Agustus 2007 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46212>.</ref> [[Maladewa|Kepulauan Maladewa]] adalah [[protektorat]] Britania Raya dari tahun 1887 hingga 1965, namun bukan merupakan bagian dari India Britania Raya.

== India Britania Raya dan negara kepangeranan ==
{{Utama|Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania Raya|Princely state|Pembagian administratif India Britania Raya}}

India pada era Raj Britania Raya terdiri dari dua jenis wilayah: ''India Britania Raya'' dan ''negara asli'' (atau ''[[princely state]]'').<ref name=WDL>{{cite web|title=India|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/388/|publisher=World Digital Library|accessdate=24 Januari 2013|language=en}}</ref> Dalam [[Interpretation Act 1889]], [[Parlemen Britania Raya]] mengadopsi definisi berikut dalam Bagian 18:

{{cquote|<br />
(4.) Ungkapan "India Britania Raya" berarti semua wilayah dan tempat di dalam wilayah kekuasaan Raja dan Ratu yang untuk saat ini diperintah oleh Raja dan Ratu melalui Gubernur-Jenderal India atau melalui gubernur atau pejabat lain yang menjadi bawahan Gubernur-Jenderal India.<br />
(5.) Ungkapan "India" berarti India Britania Raya bersama dengan wilayah mana pun dari pangeran pribumi atau kepala di bawah kekuasaan Raja dan Ratu dilakukan melalui Gubernur-Jenderal India, atau melalui gubernur atau pejabat lain yang tunduk kepada Gubernur-Jenderal India.<ref name="Interpretation Act 1889">Interpretation Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c.&nbsp;63), s.&nbsp;18.</ref>}}

Secara umum, istilah "India Britania Raya" digunakan (dan masih digunakan) untuk merujuk pula pada daerah-daerah di bawah [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya|kekuasaan Perusahaan India Timur Britania Raya]] di India pada tahun 1600-1858.<ref>'''1.''' ''Imperial Gazetteer of India, volume IV, published under the authority of the [[India Office|Secretary of State for India-in-Council]]'', 1909, Oxford University Press. hlm. 5. Kutipan: "The history of British India falls, as observed by Sir C. P. Ilbert in his ''Government of India'', into three periods. From the beginning of the seventeenth century to the middle of the eighteenth century the East India Company is a trading corporation, existing on the sufferance of the native powers and in rivalry with the merchant companies of Holland and France. During the next century, the Company acquires and consolidates its dominion, shares its sovereignty in increasing proportions with the Crown, and gradually loses its mercantile privileges and functions. After the mutiny of 1857 the remaining powers of the Company are transferred to the Crown, and then follows an era of peace in which India awakens to new life and progress." '''2.''' ''The Statutes: From the Twentieth Year of King Henry the Third to the ...'' oleh Robert Harry Drayton, Statutes of the Realm – Law – 1770 hlm. 211 (3) "Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the law of British India and of the several parts thereof existing immediately before the appointed ..." '''3.''' {{cite book |last=Edney |first=Matthew H. |date=1997|title=Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765–1843 |url=https://archive.org/details/mappingempiregeo0000edne |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-18488-3|language=en}} '''4.''' {{cite book |last=Hawes |first=Christopher J. |date=1996 |title=Poor Relations: The Making of a Eurasian Community in British India, 1773–1833 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d22WUEmG49IC&dq=+%22British+India%22 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7007-0425-5|language=en}}</ref> Istilah ini juga telah digunakan untuk merujuk pada "Britania di India".<ref>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. II|1908|pp=463, 470}} '''Kutipan1''': "Before passing on to the political history of British India, which properly begins with the Anglo-French Wars in the Carnatic, ... (hlm. 463)" '''Kutipan2''': "The political history of the British in India begins in the eighteenth century with the French Wars in the Carnatic. (hlm. 471)"</ref>

Istilah "Imperium India" (seperti istilah "Imperium Britania Raya") tidak digunakan dalam undang-undang. Raja dikenal sebagai Maharani atau Kaisar India dan istilah tersebut sering digunakan dalam [[Pidato dari tahta|Pidato Ratu]] dan Pidato Prorogasi. Paspor yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah India Britania Raya memiliki tulisan "Imperium India" di sampulnya dan "Imperium India" di bagian dalam.<ref>[http://www.passport-collector.com/2011/04/25/founder-of-pakistan/ British Indian Passport of Muhammad Ali Jinnah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210064211/http://www.passport-collector.com/2011/04/25/founder-of-Pakistan/ |date=10 February 2013 }}</ref>[[Berkas:Pope1880BritishIndia1.jpg|jmpl|kiri|India Britania Raya pada tahun 1880]]

Kekuasaan lebih dari 175 wilayah kerajaan, beberapa yang terbesar dan paling penting, dilaksanakan (atas nama Imperium Britania Raya) oleh pemerintah pusat India Britania Raya di bawah [[Raja Muda]]; sisa sekitar 500 negara bagian adalah tanggungan pemerintah provinsi Britania Raya di India di bawah Gubernur, Wakil Gubernur, atau Komisaris Utama (seperti yang mungkin terjadi).<ref name="igi-60">{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. IV|1907|p=60}}</ref> Perbedaan yang jelas antara "kekuasaan" dan "kekuasaan raja" dipasok oleh yurisdiksi pengadilan hukum: hukum India Britania Raya bersandar pada hukum yang disahkan oleh Parlemen Britania Raya dan kekuatan legislatif hukum-hukum yang dipegang oleh berbagai pemerintahan India Britania Raya, baik pusat maupun lokal; sebaliknya, pengadilan-pengadilan Negara Kepangeranan berada di bawah otoritas penguasa masing-masing negara bagian tersebut.<ref name="igi-60"/>

== Pengaruh ideologi ==
Pada saat kemerdekaan dan setelah kemerdekaan India, India telah mempertahankan lembaga-lembaga pusat Britania Raya seperti pemerintahan parlementer, satu orang, satu suara serta aturan hukum melalui pengadilan non-partisan.<ref name="British expansion in India">{{cite web|title=Britain in India, Ideology and Economics to 1900|url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h50imp2.htm|website=Fsmitha|publisher=F. Smith|accessdate=2 Agustus 2014|language=en}}</ref> Hal ini dipertahankan serta pengaturan kelembagaan Raj seperti administrasi daerah, universitas dan bursa saham. Salah satu perubahan besar adalah penolakan terhadap negara-wilayah kerajaan yang terpisah sebelumnya. Metcalf menunjukkan bahwa selama dua abad, para intelektual Britania Raya dan spesialis India menjadikan prioritas tertinggi membawa perdamaian, persatuan dan pemerintahan yang baik untuk India.<ref name="Ideology in British Raj">{{cite web|title=Ideology and Empire in Eighteenth-Century India: the British in Bengal|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/697|website=History.ac.uk|publisher=History|accessdate=2 Agustus 2014|langauge=en}}</ref> Mereka menawarkan banyak metode bersaing untuk mencapai tujuan. Sebagai contoh, [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Cornwallis]] merekomendasikan mengubah Bengali [[Zamindar]] menjadi semacam tuan tanah Britania Raya yang mengendalikan urusan lokal di Britania Raya.<ref name="Ideology in British Raj"/> [[Sir Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Munro]] diusulkan untuk berhubungan langsung dengan para petani. [[William Jones (filolog)|Sir William Jones]] dan para orientalis mempromosikan bahasa Sanskerta, sementara [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Macaulay]] mempromosikan bahasa Inggris.<ref>Thomas R. Metcalf, ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: Ideologies of the Raj'' (1995), hlm. 10–12, 34–35</ref> Zinkin berpendapat bahwa dalam jangka panjang, apa yang paling penting mengenai warisan Kemaharajaan adalah ideologi politik Britania Raya yang diambil alih oleh orang India setelah tahun 1947, terutama kepercayaan dalam kesatuan, demokrasi, supremasi hukum dan kesetaraan tertentu di luar kasta dan kepercayaan.<ref name="Ideology in British Raj"/> Zinkin melihat ini bukan hanya di partai Kongres tetapi juga di antara Nasionalis Hindu di [[Partai Bharatiya Janata]], yang secara khusus menekankan tradisi Hindu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zinkin |first=Maurice |date=Oktober 1995 |title=Legacies of the Raj |journal=Asian Affairs |volume=26 |issue=3 |type=Book Review |pages=314–316 |issn=0306-8374|language=en}}</ref><ref>Y. K. Malik and V. B. Singh, ''Hindu Nationalists in India: the rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party'' (Westview Press, 1994), hlm. 14</ref>

== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Daftar Gubernur-Jenderal India]]
* [[Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania Raya]]
* [[Gerakan kemerdekaan India]]
* [[Imperialisme Barat di Asia]]
* [[Pemerintahan Interim India]]
* [[India Kolonial]]
* [[Princely state]]

== Catatan ==
{{notelist|30em}}

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Daftar pustaka ==

=== Survei ===

{{refbegin|30em}}
* Allan, J., T. Wolseley Haig, H. H. Dodwell. ''The Cambridge Shorter History of India'' (1934) 996 pp. [https://www.questia.com/library/88816335/the-cambridge-shorter-history-of-india online]; [https://books.google.com/books?id=iAQ9AAAAIAAJ at Google]
* Bandhu, Deep Chand. ''History of Indian National Congress'' (2003) 405pp
* {{Citation | last1=Bandyopadhyay| first1=Sekhar| year=2004| title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India| place=| publisher=Orient Longman. Pp. xx, 548.| isbn=978-81-250-2596-2}}.
* {{Citation| last1=Bayly| first1=C. A.| authorlink1=Christopher Alan Bayly| year=1990| title=Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (The New Cambridge History of India)| publisher=Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 248| isbn=978-0-521-38650-0}}.
* {{Citation| last1=Brown| first1=Judith M.| authorlink=Judith M. Brown| year=1994| orig-year=First published 1984 | title=Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy| place=| publisher=Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 474| isbn=978-0-19-873113-9}}.
* {{Citation| last1=Bose |first1=Sugata |authorlink1=Sugata Bose |last2=Jalal |first2=Ayesha |authorlink2=Ayesha Jalal |year=2003 |title=Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-30787-1}}
* {{Citation |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |year=2005 |orig-year=First published 1971 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e08-yhBFfpAC |volume=Volume III (1920-1947) |edition=Revised |location=New Delhi |publisher=Lotus Press |page=2 |isbn=978-81-89093-08-2}}
* {{Citation| last1=Copland| first1=Ian| year=2001| title=India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Seminar Studies in History Series)| place=| publisher=Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. 160| isbn=978-0-582-38173-5}}
* Coupland, Reginald. ''India: A Re-Statement'' (Oxford University Press, 1945), evaluation of the Raj, emphasising government. [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=74007102 online edition]
* Dodwell H. H., ed. ''The Cambridge History of India. Volume 6: The Indian Empire 1858–1918. With Chapters on the Development of Administration 1818–1858'' (1932) 660 pp. [https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory06rapsuoft online edition]; also published as vol 5 of the ''Cambridge History of the British Empire''
* Gilmour, David. ''The British in India: A Social History of the Raj''(2018); expanded edition of ''The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj'' (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=xEzx2zVHXSwC&pg=PA9 Excerpt and text search]
* Herbertson, A.J. and O.J.R. Howarth. eds. ''The Oxford Survey Of The British Empire'' (6 vol 1914) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.77042 online vol 2 on Asia] pp.&nbsp;1–328 on India
* James, Lawrence. ''Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India'' (2000)
* {{Citation| last1=Judd| first1=Denis| year=2004| title=The Lion and the Tiger: The Rise and Fall of the British Raj, 1600–1947| place=| publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 280| isbn=978-0-19-280358-0}}.
* Louis, William Roger, and Judith M. Brown, eds. ''The Oxford History of the British Empire'' (5 vol 1999–2001), with numerous articles on the Raj
* {{citation |last=Low |first=D. A. |author-link=Anthony Low |year=1993 |title=Eclipse of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QBaYddlnKBEC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-45754-5}}
* {{citation |last=Ludden |first=David E. |year=2002 |title=India And South Asia: A Short History |location=Oxford |publisher=Oneworld |isbn=978-1-85168-237-9}}
* {{Citation |last1=Majumdar |first1=Ramesh Chandra |last2=Raychaudhuri |first2=Hemchandra |last3=Datta |first3=Kalikinkar |date=1950 |title=An advanced history of India |publisher=}}
* Majumdar, R. C. ed. (1970). British paramountcy and Indian renaissance. ([[The History and Culture of the Indian People|The history and culture of the Indian people]]) Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
* Mansingh, Surjit ''The A to Z of India'' (2010), a concise historical encyclopaedia
* {{Citation| last1=Marshall| first1=P. J.| authorlink1=P. J. Marshall| year=2001| title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, 400 pp.| publisher=Cambridge and London: Cambridge University Press.| isbn=978-0-521-00254-7}}.
* {{citation |last=Markovits |first=Claude |year=2004 |title=A History of Modern India, 1480–1950 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-004-4}}
* {{Citation| last1=Metcalf| first1=Barbara D.| author1-link=Barbara D. Metcalf| last2=Metcalf |first2=Thomas R. | author2-link=Thomas R. Metcalf |year=2006| title=A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories) | place=| publisher=Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xxxiii, 372 | isbn=978-0-521-68225-1}}
* Moon, Penderel. ''The British Conquest and Dominion of India'' (2 vol. 1989) 1235pp; the fullest scholarly history of political and military events from a British top-down perspective;
* [[K. M. Panikkar|Panikkar, K. M.]] (1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498-1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin.
* {{Citation| last1=Peers| first1=Douglas M.| year=2006| title=India under Colonial Rule 1700–1885| place=| publisher=Harlow and London: Pearson Longmans. Pp. xvi, 163| isbn=978-0-582-31738-3}}.
* Riddick, John F. ''The history of British India: a chronology'' (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC excerpt and text search], covers 1599–1947
* Riddick, John F. ''Who Was Who in British India'' (1998), covers 1599–1947
* {{Citation |last=Robb |first=Peter |year=2002 |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-34549-2}}
* Sarkar, Sumit. ''Modern India, 1885–1947'' (2002)
* Smith, Vincent A. (1958) ''The Oxford History of India'' (3rd ed.) the Raj section was written by [[Percival Spear]]
* Somervell, D.C. ''The Reign of King George V,'' (1936) covers Raj 1910–35 pp.&nbsp;80–84, 282–91, 455–64 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176466 online free]
* {{Citation| last1=Spear| first1=Percival| authorlink = Percival Spear| year=1990| orig-year=First published 1965 | title=A History of India, Volume 2| place= | publisher=New Delhi and London: Penguin Books. Pp. 298| isbn=978-0-14-013836-8| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2H_v0t5jTkC&pg=PA147}}.
* {{Citation| last1=Stein| first1=Burton| authorlink=Burton Stein| year=2001| title=A History of India| place=| publisher=New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiv, 432| isbn=978-0-19-565446-2}}.
* Thompson, Edward, and G.T. Garratt. ''Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India'' (1934) 690 pages; scholarly survey, 1599–1933 [https://books.google.com/books?id=93fnssiWvjoC excerpt and text search]
* {{Citation| last1=Wolpert| first1=Stanley| authorlink=Stanley Wolpert| year=2003| title=A New History of India| place=| publisher=Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 544| isbn=978-0-19-516678-1}}.
* Wolpert, Stanley, ed. ''Encyclopedia of India'' (4 vol. 2005) comprehensive coverage by scholars
* {{Citation |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |year=2006 |title=Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539394-1}}
{{refend}}

=== Topik khusus ===

{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Citation |last=Baker |first=David |date=1993 |title=Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820–1920 |location=Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii, 374 |isbn=978-0-19-563049-7}}
* {{Citation |last1=Bayly |first1=Christopher |author-link1=Christopher Alan Bayly |year=2000 |title=Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, 1780–1870 (Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society) |place= |publisher=Cambridge University Press. Pp. 426 |isbn=978-0-521-66360-1}}
* {{Citation |last1=Bayly |first1=Christopher |author-link1=Christopher Alan Bayly |last2=Harper |first2=Timothy |year=2005 |title=Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941–1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXH9xGCWjYUC |accessdate=22 September 2013 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01748-1}}
* {{Citation |last1=Bayly |first1=Christopher |author-link1=Christopher Alan Bayly |last2=Harper |first2=Timothy |title=Forgotten Wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0M4Pl_VCExgC |accessdate=21 September 2013|year=2007 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02153-2}}
* {{Citation |last=Bose |first=Sudhindra |author-link=Sudhindra Bose |year=1916 |title=Some Aspects of British Rule in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wmGAAAAIAAJ |series=Studies in the Social Sciences |volume=Volume V |issue=1 |location=Iowa City |publisher=The University |pages=79–81}}
* Brown, Judith M. ''Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope'' (1991), scholarly biography
* {{Citation |editor1-last=Brown, Judith M. |editor2-last=Louis |editor2-first=Wm. Roger |year=2001 |title=Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century |publisher=Oxford University Press. pp. 800 |isbn=978-0-19-924679-3 }}
* Buckland, C.E. ''Dictionary of Indian Biography'' (1906) 495 pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=InFTmnS4crYC full text]
* {{Citation |last=Carrington |first=Michael |date=May 2013 |title=Officers, Gentlemen, and Murderers: Lord Curzon's campaign against "collisions" between Indians and Europeans, 1899–1905 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=780–819 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X12000686}}
* {{Citation |last1=Chandavarkar |first1=Rajnarayan |author-link=Rajnarayan Chandavarkar |year=1998 |title=Imperial Power and Popular Politics: Class, Resistance and the State in India, 1850–1950|publisher=(Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400 |isbn=978-0-521-59692-3}}.
* {{Citation |last1=Chatterji |first1=Joya |year=1993 |title=Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947 |publisher=Cambridge University Press. Pp. 323 |isbn=978-0-521-52328-8}}.
* {{Citation |last1=Copland |first1=Ian |year=2002 |title=Princes of India in the Endgame of Empire, 1917–1947 |publisher=(Cambridge Studies in Indian History & Society). Cambridge University Press. Pp. 316 |isbn=978-0-521-89436-4}}.
* {{cite book |last=Das |first=Manmath Nath |year=1964 |title=India under Morley and Minto: politics behind revolution, repression and reforms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3geAAAAMAAJ |publisher=G. Allen and Unwin}}
* {{Citation |last=Davis |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Davis (scholar) |year=2001 |title=[[Late Victorian Holocausts]]  |url= |publisher=Verso Books |isbn=978-1-85984-739-8}}
* Dewey, Clive. ''Anglo-Indian Attitudes: The Mind of the Indian Civil Service'' (2003)
* Ewing, Ann. "Administering India: The Indian Civil Service", ''History Today'', June 1982, 32#6 pp.&nbsp;43–48, covers 1858–1947
* {{Citation |last=Fieldhouse |first=David |year=1996 |chapter=For Richer, for Poorer? |editor-last=Marshall |editor-first=P. J. | title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/?id=S2EXN8JTwAEC&pg=PA132&dq=famine+british+empire+india#PPA132,M1 |publisher=Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Pp. 400 |pages=108–146 |isbn=978-0-521-00254-7}}
* Gilmartin, David. 1988. ''Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan''. University of California Press. 258 pages. {{ISBN|978-0-520-06249-8}}.
* Gilmour, David. ''Curzon: Imperial Statesman'' (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=kOEsSmOQL7EC excerpt and text search]
* Gopal, Sarvepalli. ''British Policy in India 1858–1905'' (2008)
* {{Citation |last=Gopal |first=Sarvepalli |year=1976 |title=Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jj-4zmBLXq0C |accessdate=21 February 2012 |publisher=Harvard U. Press |isbn=978-0-674-47310-2}}
* Gopal, Sarvepalli. ''Viceroyalty of Lord Irwin 1926–1931'' (1957)
* {{Citation |last=Gopal |first=Sarvepalli |year=1953 |title=The Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880–1884 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKE9AAAAIAAJ |accessdate=21 February 2012 |publisher=Oxford U. Press}}
* {{Citation |last1=Gould |first1=William |year=2004 |title=Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India |publisher= Cambridge U. Press. Pp. 320}}.
* {{Citation |last=Grove |first=Richard H. |author-link=Richard Grove |year=2007 |title=The Great El Nino of 1789–93 and its Global Consequences: Reconstructing an Extreme Climate Even in World Environmental History |journal=The Medieval History Journal |volume=10 |issue=1&2 |pages=75–98 |doi=10.1177/097194580701000203}}
* {{Citation |last=Hall-Matthews |first=David |year=November 2008 |title=Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=1189–1212 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X07002892}}
* {{Citation |last=Hyam |first=Ronald |year=2007 |title=Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918–1968 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86649-1}}
* {{Citation |last=Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III |first= |year=1907 |title=The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502 |publisher=Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in  Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press.  Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552.}}
* {{Citation |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |author-link=Ayesha Jalal |year=1993 |title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan |publisher=Cambridge U. Press, 334 pages}}.
* Kaminsky, Arnold P. ''The India Office, 1880–1910'' (1986) [https://www.amazon.com/1880-1910-Contributions-Comparative-Colonial-Studies/dp/0313249091/ excerpt and text search], focus on officials in London
* {{Citation |last=Khan |first=Yasmin |year=2007 |title=The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan |publisher=Yale U. Press, 250 pages |isbn=978-0-300-12078-3}}
* Khan, Yasmin. ''India At War: The Subcontinent and the Second World War'' (2015), wide-ranging scholarly survey [https://www.amazon.com/India-At-War-Subcontinent-Second/dp/0199753490/ excerpt]; also published as Khan, Yasmin. ''The Raj At War: A People's History Of India's Second World War'' (2015) a major, comprehensive scholarly study
* {{Citation |last=Klein |first=Ira |date=July 2000 |title=Materialism, Mutiny and Modernization in British India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=545–80 |jstor=313141}}
* {{Citation |last=Koomar |first=Roy Basanta |year=2009 |title=The Labor Revolt in India |publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC |pages=13–14 |isbn=978-1-113-34966-8}}
* Kumar, Deepak. ''Science and the Raj: A Study of British India'' (2006)
* Lipsett, Chaldwell. ''Lord Curzon in India 1898–1903'' (1903) [https://www.amazon.com/Curzon-India-1898-1903-Chaldwell-Lipsett/dp/1110690029/ excerpt and text search] 128pp
* {{Citation |last1=Low |first1=D. A. |author-link=Anthony Low |year=2002 |title=Britain and Indian Nationalism: The Imprint of Ambiguity 1929–1942 |publisher= Cambridge University Press. Pp. 374 |isbn=978-0-521-89261-2}}.
* MacMillan, Margaret. ''Women of the Raj: The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India'' (2007)
* {{Citation |last=Metcalf |first=Thomas R.|author-link=Thomas R. Metcalf |year=1991 |title=The Aftermath of Revolt: India, 1857–1870 |publisher=Riverdale Co. Pub. Pp. 352 |isbn=978-81-85054-99-5}}
* {{Citation |last=Metcalf |first=Thomas R. |author-link=Thomas R. Metcalf |year=1997 |title=Ideologies of the Raj |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Pp. 256 |isbn=978-0-521-58937-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TRcMoGSkRtIC&pg=PR8}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Robin J. |year=2001a |chapter=Imperial India, 1858–1914 |editor-last=Porter |editor-first=Andrew N. |title=Oxford History of the British Empire |volume=Volume III: The Nineteenth Century |pages=422–46 |isbn=978-0-19-924678-6}}
* Moore, Robin J. "India in the 1940s", in Robin Winks, ed. ''Oxford History of the British Empire: Historiography'', (2001b), pp.&nbsp;231–42
* {{Citation |last=Nehru |first=Jawaharlal |author-link=Jawaharlal Nehru |year=1946 |title=Discovery of India |url=https://archive.org/details/DiscoveryOfIndia |location=Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press}}
* {{Citation |editor-last=Porter |editor-first=Andrew |year=2001 |title=Oxford History of the British Empire: Nineteenth Century |publisher=Oxford University Press. Pp. 800 |isbn=978-0-19-924678-6}}
* Raghavan, Srinath. ''India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia'' (2016). wide-ranging scholarly survey [https://www.amazon.com/dp/046503022X/sr=1-1/qid=1466893522/ excerpt]
* {{Citation |last=Rai |first=Lajpat |author-link=Lajpat Rai |year=2008 |title=England's Debt to India: A Historical Narrative of Britain's Fiscal Policy in India |publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC |pages=263–281 |isbn=978-0-559-80001-6}}
* {{Citation |last=Raja |first=Masood Ashraf |author-link=Masood Ashraf Raja |year=2010 |title=Constructing Pakistan: Foundational Texts and the Rise of Muslim National Identity, 1857–1947 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-547811-2}}
* {{Citation |last=Ramusack |first=Barbara |year=2004 |title=The Indian Princes and their States (The New Cambridge History of India) |publisher=Cambridge University Press. Pp. 324 |isbn=978-0-521-03989-5}}
* Read, Anthony, and David Fisher; ''The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence'' (W. W. Norton, 1999) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101073461 online edition]; detailed scholarly history of 1940–47
* Riddick, John F. ''The History of British India: A Chronology'' (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Es6x4u_g19UC excerpt]
* Riddick, John F. ''Who Was Who in British India'' (1998); 5000 entries [https://books.google.com/books?id=LI8UAQAAIAAJ excerpt]
* {{Citation |last=Shaikh |first=Farzana |year=1989 |title=Community and Consensus in Islam: Muslim Representation in Colonial India, 1860—1947 |publisher=Cambridge University Press. Pp. 272. |isbn=978-0-521-36328-0}}.
* {{Citation |editor1-last=Talbot |editor1-first=Ian |editor2-last=Singh |editor2-first=Gurharpal |year=1999|title=Region and Partition: Bengal, Punjab and the Partition of the Subcontinent |publisher= Oxford University Press. Pp. 420 |isbn=978-0-19-579051-1}}.
* Thatcher, Mary. ''Respected Memsahibs: an Anthology'' (Hardinge Simpole, 2008)
* {{Citation |last=Tinker |first=Hugh |date=October 1968 |title=India in the First World War and after |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |volume=3 |issue=4 , 1918–19: From War to Peace |pages=89–107 |jstor=259853}}.
* Voigt, Johannes. ''India in The Second World War'' (1988)
* {{Citation |last=Wainwright |first=A. Martin |year=1993 |title=Inheritance of Empire: Britain, India, and the Balance of Power in Asia, 1938–55 |publisher=Praeger Publishers. Pp. xvi, 256 |isbn=978-0-275-94733-0}}.
* {{Citation |last1=Wolpert |first1=Stanley A. |chapter=India: British Imperial Power 1858–1947 (Indian nationalism and the British response, 1885–1920; Prelude to Independence, 1920–1947) |chapter-url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-47042/India |year=2007 |title=Encyclopædia Britannica |url= |isbn= }}.
* Wolpert, Stanley A. ''Jinnah of Pakistan'' (2005)
* Wolpert, Stanley A. ''Tilak and Gokhale: revolution and reform in the making of modern India'' (1962) [https://books.google.com/books?id=cmV6KLzEZNAC full text online]
{{refend}}

=== Sejarah ekonomi ===

{{refbegin|30em}}
* Anstey, Vera. ''The economic development of India'' (4th ed. 1952), 677pp; thorough scholarly coverage; focus on 20th century down to 1939
* Chaudhary, Latika, et al. eds. ''A New Economic History of Colonial India'' (2015)
* {{Citation | last = Derbyshire | first = I. D. | year = 1987 | title = Economic Change and the Railways in North India, 1860–1914 | journal = Population Studies | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–45 | doi=10.1017/s0026749x00009197 | jstor = 312641}}
* Dutt, Romesh C. ''The Economic History of India under early British Rule'', first published 1902, 2001 edition by [[Routledge]], {{ISBN|978-0-415-24493-0}}
* {{Citation |last1=Kumar |first1=Dharma |editor1-link=Dharma Kumar |last2=Desai |first2=Meghnad |editor2-link=Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai |year=1983 |title=The Cambridge Economic History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ew8AAAAIAAJ |volume=Volume 2: c. 1757-c. 1970 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-22802-2}}
* Lockwood, David. ''The Indian Bourgeoisie: A Political History of the Indian Capitalist Class in the Early Twentieth Century'' (I.B. Tauris, 2012) 315 pages; focus on Indian entrepreneurs who benefited from the Raj, but ultimately sided with the Indian National Congress.
* {{Citation | last = Roy | first = Tirthankar | year = Summer 2002 | title = Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link | journal = The Journal of Economic Perspectives | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 109–30 | doi=10.1257/089533002760278749 | jstor = 3216953}}
* Sarkar, J. (2013, reprint). Economics of British India ... Third edition. Enlarged and partly rewritten. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar & Sons.
* {{Citation | last = Simmons | first = Colin | year = 1985 | title = 'De-Industrialization', Industrialization and the Indian Economy, c. 1850–1947 | journal = Modern Asian Studies | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–622 | doi=10.1017/s0026749x00007745 | jstor= 312453}}
* {{Citation |last=Tirthankar |first=Roy |date=2014 |title=Financing the Raj: the City of London and colonial India 1858–1940 |journal=Business History |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=1024–1026 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2013.828424}}
* {{Citation |last=Tomlinson |first=Brian Roger |year=1993 |title=The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970 |series=New Cambridge history of India |volume=Volume III, 3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=109 |isbn=978-0-521-36230-6}}
* {{citation |last=Tomlinson |first=Brian Roger |date=October 1975 |title=India and the British Empire, 1880–1935 |journal=Indian Economic and Social History Review |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=337–380 |doi=10.1177/001946467501200401}}
{{refend}}

=== Historiografi dan memoar ===
* {{cite book|author=Andrews, C.F.|title=India and the Simon Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMZRDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11|year=2017|publisher=Routledge reprint of 1930 first edition|page=11|isbn=9781315444987}}
* Durant, Will (2011, reprint). The case for India. New York, N.Y: Simon and Schuster.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ellis | first1 = Catriona | year = 2009 | title = Education for All: Reassessing the Historiography of Education in Colonial India | url = | journal = History Compass | volume = 7 | issue = 2| pages = 363–75 | doi=10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00564.x}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Gilmartin | first1 = David | year = 2015 | title = The Historiography of India's Partition: Between Civilization and Modernity | url = | journal = The Journal of Asian Studies | volume = 74 | issue = 1| pages = 23–41 | doi=10.1017/s0021911814001685}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Major | first1 = Andrea | year = 2011 | title = Tall tales and true: India, historiography and British imperial imaginings | journal = Contemporary South Asia | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 331–32 | doi=10.1080/09584935.2011.594257}}
* Mantena, Rama Sundari. ''The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology'' (2012)
* Moor-Gilbert, Bart. ''Writing India, 1757–1990: The Literature of British India'' (1996) on fiction written in English
* Mukherjee, Soumyen. "Origins of Indian Nationalism: Some Questions on the Historiography of Modern India." ''Sydney Studies in Society and Culture'' 13 (2014). [http://openjournals.library.usyd.edu.au/index.php/SSSC/article/download/7500/7868 online]
* Parkash, Jai. "Major trends of historiography of revolutionary movement in India-Phase II." (PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University, 2013). [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/7844/7/07_summary.pdf online]
* Philips, Cyril H. ed. ''Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon'' (1961), reviews the older scholarship
* {{cite journal | last1 = Stern | first1 = Philip J | year = 2009 | title = History and Historiography of the English East India Company: Past, Present, and Future | url = | journal = History Compass | volume = 7 | issue = 4| pages = 1146–80 | doi=10.1111/j.1478-0542.2009.00617.x}}
* {{cite journal |last=Whitehead |first=Clive |year=2005 |title=The historiography of British imperial education policy, Part I: India |journal=History of Education |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=315–329 |doi=10.1080/00467600500065340}}
* Winks, Robin, ed. ''Historiography'' (1999) vol. 5 in William Roger Louis, eds. ''The Oxford History of the British Empire'', chapters 11–15, [https://www.questia.com/library/117192922/the-oxford-history-of-the-british-empire-historiography online]
* Winks, Robin W. ''The Historiography of the British Empire-Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources'' (1966); this book is by a different set of authors from the previous 1999 entry [https://www.questia.com/library/95979771/the-historiography-of-the-british-empire-commonwealth online]
* Young, Richard Fox, ed., ''Indian Christian Historiography from Below, from Above, and in Between India and the Indianness of Christianity: Essays on Understanding—Historical, Theological, and Bibliographical—in Honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg'' (2009)

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015027588329;view=1up;seq=10 Simon Report (1930) vol 1], survei kondisi yang luas
* {{cite book|author=Keith, Arthur Berriedale |title=Responsible government in the dominions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mGdDAAAAIAAJ|year=1912|publisher=The Clarendon press}}, sumber primer utama

=== Buku tahun dan catatan statistik ===
* ''Indian Year-book for 1862: A review of social, intellectual, and religious progress in India and Ceylon'' (1863), ed. oleh John Murdoch [https://books.google.com/books?id=ODMQAAAAYAAJ online edition] [https://books.google.com/books?id=uqAEAAAAQAAJ edisi 1861]
* {{cite |title=The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom, the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire |edition=2nd. |date=1893 |location=India |pages=375–462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i25MAAAAYAAJ |via=Google Books }}
* ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol, 1908–31), highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]
* ''Statistical abstract relating to British India, from 1895–96 to 1904–05'' (London, 1906) [https://books.google.com/books?id=xC5RAAAAYAAJ full text online],
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=U9bkAAAAMAAJ ''The Cyclopedia of India: biographical, historical, administrative, commercial''] (1908) business history, biographies, illustrations
* ''The Indian year book: 1914'' (1914) [https://books.google.com/books?id=QFlFAAAAYAAJ snippets]
* ''The Indian Annual Register: A digest of public affairs of India regarding the nation's activities in the matters, political, economic, industrial, educational, etc. during the period 1919–1947'' [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40427 daring]
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40427 edisi 1930]
** [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.110101 edisi 1921]
** [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28%22+Indian+Annual+Register%22%29&sort=-date&page=4 edisi 1919–1947]

{{Gerakan kemerdekaan India}}
{{Teritori seberang laut britania}}
{{Bekas Monarki}}

[[Kategori:Sejarah India]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Britania Raya]]