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Perang Indochina Pertama

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Perang Indochina Pertama (umumnya dikenal sebagai Perang Indochina di Prancis, dan sebagai Perang Perlawanan Anti-Prancis di Vietnam, dan secara internasional sebagai Perang Indochina Prancis) berlangsung di Indochina antara Prancis dan Việt Minh, beserta sekutu masing-masing, dari 19 Desember 1946 hingga 1 Agustus 1954.[20][21] Việt Minh dipimpin oleh Võ Nguyên Giáp dan Hồ Chí Minh.[22][23] Konflik ini sebagian besar terjadi di Vietnam.

Pranala luar

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Referensi

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  1. ↑ Lee Lanning, Michael (2008). Inside the VC and the NVA. Texas A&M University Press. hlm. 119. ISBN 978-1-60344-059-2.
  2. ↑ Crozier, Brian (2005). Political Victory: The Elusive Prize Of Military Wars. Transaction. hlm. 47. ISBN 978-0-7658-0290-3.
  3. ↑ Fall 1994, hlm. 63.
  4. ↑ Logevall, Fredrik (2012). Embers of War: the fall of an empire and the making of America's Vietnam. Random House. hlm. 596–599. ISBN 978-0-375-75647-4.
  5. ↑ Windrow 1998, hlm. 23.
  6. ↑ Christina Firpo, "The Uprooted: Race, Children, and Imperialism in French Indochina, 1890–1980", University of Hawaii Press: January 31, 2016, ISBN 9780824858117. Page 108.
  7. ↑ Windrow 1998, hlm. 11
  8. ↑ Fall, Bernard, The Two Vietnams (1963)
  9. ↑ Eckhardt, William, World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.
  10. 1 2 3 Clodfelter, Micheal (1995). Vietnam in Military Statistics.
  11. ↑ Stanley Kutler, Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War (1996)
  12. ↑ "Chuyên đề 4 Công Tác Tìm Kiếm, Quy Tập Hài Cốt Liệt Sĩ Từ Nay Đến Năm 2020 Và Những Năm Tiếp Theo, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Quản%20lý%20chỉ%20đạo/Chuyên%20đề%204.doc" (dalam bahasa Vietnam). Diakses tanggal 4 April 2023.
  13. ↑ Clodfelter 2008, hlm. 657.
  14. ↑ Dommen, Arthur J. (2001), The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans, Indiana University Press, p. 252
  15. ↑ Lomperis, T. (1996). From People's War to People's Rule.
  16. ↑ Karnow, S. (1983). Vietnam: a History.
  17. ↑ Smedberg, M. (2008). Vietnamkrigen: 1880–1980 [The Vietnam War: 1880–1980] (dalam bahasa Dansk). Historiska Media. hlm. 88.
  18. ↑ Eckhardt, William (1987). World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (Edisi 12th). Ruth Leger Sivard.
  19. ↑ Dommen, Arthur J. (2001). The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans. Indiana University Press. hlm. 252.
  20. ↑ Vo, Nghia M. (August 31, 2011). Saigon: A History. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8634-2 – via Google Books.
  21. ↑ "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Diakses tanggal 2025-09-25.
  22. ↑ "Ho Chi Minh, President of North Vietnam". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese general". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15 April 2024.


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