Afgan (etnonim)

Etnonim Afgan (Dari/Pashtun: افغان) dalam sejarahnya digunakan untuk merujuk pada Pashtun.^[1] Sejak paruh kedua abad keduapuluh, istilah "Afgan" berevolusi menjadi demonim untuk seluruh penduduk Afganistan, termasuk masyarakat non-Pashtun.^[1]^[2]

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ ^a ^b Huang, Guiyou (2008-12-30). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-56720-736-1. In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.
^ Tyler, John A. (2021-10-10). Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars (dalam bahasa Inggris). Aries Consolidated LLC. ISBN 978-1-387-68356-7. The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.

[:2-1] Huang, Guiyou (2008-12-30). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes] (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-56720-736-1. In Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.

[2] Tyler, John A. (2021-10-10). Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars (dalam bahasa Inggris). Aries Consolidated LLC. ISBN 978-1-387-68356-7. The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.

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[2]

l b s Nama Asia
Negara berdaulat	Afganistan Arab Saudi Armenia¹ Azerbaijan¹ Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Filipina Georgia¹ India Indonesia Irak Iran Israel Jepang Kamboja Kazakhstan³ Kirgizstan Korea Selatan Korea Utara Kuwait Laos Lebanon Maladewa Malaysia Mesir³ Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Qatar Rusia³ Singapura Siprus¹ Sri Lanka Suriah Tajikistan Thailand Timor Leste² Tiongkok Turki³ Turkmenistan Uni Emirat Arab Uzbekistan Vietnam Yaman Yordania
Negara dengan pengakuan terbatas	Abkhazia¹ Republik Artsakh¹ Ossetia Selatan¹ Palestina Siprus Utara¹ Republik Tiongkok
Dependensi dan wilayah lain	Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) Hong Kong Makau Pulau Natal Wilayah Samudra Hindia Britania
¹ Terkadang dimasukkan ke Eropa, tergantung definisi perbatasan. ² Terkadang dimasukkan ke Oseania. ³ Negara lintas benua.