Suku bangsa di Pakistan
Pakistan merupakan salah satu negara dengan etnis dan bahasa yang sangat beragam.[3][4] Kelompok etnolinguistik besar di Pakistan yaitu Punjab, Pashtun, Sindh, Gurjar,[5][6] Saraiki, Muhajir, Baloch, Pahari[a] dan Brahui,[7][note 1] dengan jumlah besar Balti, Kashmir, Chitrali, Shina, Kohistani, Torwali, Hazara, Burusho, Wakhi, Kalash, Siddi, Uzbek, Nuristan, Pamiri, Hindkowan, Kirgiz, Turkmen, Uighur dan berbagai minoritas lainnya.[9][10]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Major ethnolonguistic group in Azad Kashmir. Lack of exact numbers of the ethnic population due to the language not being represented in the previous censuses. Upcoming 2022 Census of Pakistan will include Pahari-Pothwari as an option. (Baart 2003, hlm. 10) provides an estimate of 3.8 million, presumably for the population in Pakistan alone. (Lothers & Lothers 2010, hlm. 9) estimate the Pakistani population at well over 2.5 million and the UK diaspora at over 0.5 million. The population in India is reported in (Ethnologue 2017) to be about 1 million as of 2000. Note that the Pothwari speakers of the Pothohar Northern Punjab are ethnic Punjabis.
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "TABLE 11 – POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN" (PDF). www.pbs.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2021. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 9 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2022.
- ^ "Pakistan", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 26 May 2022
- ^ "A revealing map of the world's most and least ethnically diverse countries". Washington Post (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0190-8286. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-06.
- ^ Morin, Rich. "The most (and least) culturally diverse countries in the world". Pew Research Center (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-01-06.
- ^ Tyagi, Vidya Prakash (2009). Martial races of undivided India (dalam bahasa Inggris). Kalpaz Publisher. ISBN 978-81-7835-775-1.
The Gujjar or Gurjar are an ethnic group in India and Pakistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gujjar and Goojar. The Gujjars follow Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam. The Hindu Gujjars belong to the traditional Kshatriya Varna in Hinduism, while the Muslim Gujjars are considered to be a Potwari race in India and Pakistan
- ^ Harriss-White, Barbara; Heyer, Judith (2009-12-21). The Comparative Political Economy of Development: Africa and South Asia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17193-3.
Gujjar: multi-religious, 'martial' ethnic group in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
- ^ "Pakistan", The World Factbook (dalam bahasa Inggris), Central Intelligence Agency, 2 August 2022
- ^ "POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN" (PDF). www.pbs.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
- ^ Qadeer, Mohammad (2006-11-22). Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 70. ISBN 978-1-134-18617-4.
- ^ Ali, Shaheen Sardar; Rehman, Javaid (2013-02-01). Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan: Constitutional and Legal Perspectives (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-77868-1.
Karya yang dikutip[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Baart, Joan L. G. (2003). Sustainable Development and the Maintenance of Pakistan's Indigenous Languages. Islamabad.
- Lothers, Michael; Lothers, Laura (2010). Pahari and Pothwari: A Sociolinguistic Survey (Laporan). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. 2010-012.
- Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., ed. (2017). "Pahari-Potwari". Ethnologue (edisi ke-20). (access limited).