Richard Wright (pengarang)

Richard Wright
Wright dalam foto tahun 1939 karya Carl Van Vechten
Lahir	Richard Nathaniel Wright (1908-09-04)4 September 1908 Plantation, Roxie, Mississippi, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	28 November 1960(1960-11-28) (umur 52) Paris, Prancis
Pekerjaan	Novelis penyair esayis penulis cerpen
Pasangan menikah	Dhimah Rose Meidman ​ ​ (m. 1939; bercerai 1940)​ Ellen Poplar ​ (m. 1941)​
Anak	2
Karier kepenulisan
Periode	1938–60
Genre	Drama, fiksi, non-fiksi, autobiografi
Karya terkenal	Uncle Tom's Children, Native Son, Black Boy, The Outsider

Richard Nathaniel Wright (4 September 1908 – 28 November 1960) adalah seorang penulis novel, cerpen, puisi dan non-fiksi Amerika Serikat. Sebagian besar karya sastranya menampilkan tema-tema rasial, khususnya trkait nasib Afrika Amerika pada akhir abad ke-19 sampai pertengahan abad ke-20 yang mengalami diskriminasi dan kekerasan. Para kritikus sastra meyakini bahwa karyanya membantu mengubah hubungan ras di Amerika Serikat pada pertengahan abad ke-20.

Sumber tambahan

Buku

• Fabre, Michel. The World of Richard Wright (Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1985).
• Fabre, Michel. The unfinished quest of Richard Wright (U of Illinois Press, 1993).
• Fishburn, Katherine. Richard Wright's Hero: The Faces of a Rebel-Victim (Scarecrow Press, 1977).
• Rampersad, Arnold, ed. Richard Wright: A Collection of Critical Essays (1994)
• Rowley, Hazel. Richard Wright: The life and times (U of Chicago Press, 2008).
• Smith, Virginia Whatley, ed. Richard Wright Writing America at Home and from Abroad (Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2016).
• Ward, Jerry W., and Robert J. Butler, eds. The Richard Wright Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2008).
• Yarborough, Richard (2008). Uncle Tom's Children. Harper Perennial Modern Classics. {{cite book}}: |work= diabaikanPemeliharaan CS1: layanan pengarsipan yang sudah usang (link)
• Graham Barnfield and Joseph G. Ramsey, ed. (Musim dingin 2008). Special Centenary Section on "Facing the Future After Richard Wright". Reconstruction 8.4. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal Desember 24, 2008.{{cite book}}: Pemeliharaan CS1: Tanggal diterjemahkan otomatis (link)

Artikel jurnal

• Alsen, Eberhard. "'Toward The Living Sun': Richard Wright's Change Of Heart From 'The Outsider' To 'The Long Dream'." CLA Journal 38.2 (1994): 211-227. online
• Baldwin, James (1988). "Richard (Nathaniel) Wright". Contemporary Literary Criticism. 48. Detroit: Gale: 415–430.
• Bone, Robert. "Richard Wright and the Chicago Renaissance." Callaloo 28 (1986): 446-468. online
• Burgum, Edwin Berry. "The Promise of Democracy and the Fiction of Richard Wright," Science & Society, vol. 7, no. 4 (Fall 1943), pp. 338–352. In JSTOR.
• Bradley, M. (2018). "Richard Wright, Bandung, and the Poetics of the Third World." Modern American History, 1(1), 147-150.
• Cauley, Anne O. "A Definition of Freedom in the Fiction of Richard Wright." CLA Journal 19.3 (1976): 327-346. online
• Cobb, Nina Kressner. "Richard Wright: exile and existentialism." Phylon 40.4 (1979): 362-374. online
• Ghasemi, Mehdi (2018). "An Equation of Collectivity: We + You in Richard Wright's 12 Million Black Voices". Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal. 51 (1): 71–86.
• Gines, Kathryn T. "'The Man Who Lived Underground': Jean-Paul Sartre And the Philosophical Legacy of Richard Wright." Sartre Studies International 17.2 (2011): 42-59.
• Knapp, Shoshana Milgram. "Recontextualizing Richard Wright’s The Outsider: Hugo, Dostoevsky, Max Eastman, and Ayn Rand." in Richard Wright in a Post-Racial Imaginary (2014) pp: 99-112.
• Meyerson, Gregory. "Aunt Sue’s Mistake: False Consciousness in Richard Wright’s ‘Bright and Morning Star’." in Reconstruction: Studies in Culture: 2008 8#4 online
• Reynolds, Guy (2000). ""Sketches of Spain": Richard Wright's Pagan Spain and African-American Representations of the Hispanic". Journal of American Studies: 34.
• Veninga, Jennifer Elisa. "Richard Wright: Kierkegaard’s Influence as Existentialist Outsider." in Kierkegaard's Influence on Social-Political Thought (Routledge, 2016) pp. 281–298.
• Widmer, Kingsley, and Richard Wright. "The Existential Darkness: Richard Wright's 'The Outsider'." Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature 1.3 (1960): 13-21. online
• Woodson, Hue. "Heidegger and The Outsider, Savage Holiday, and The Long Dream" in Critical Insights: Richard Wright. Ed. Kimberly Drake. (Amenia, NY: Grey House, 2019)

Bahan arsip

• Richard Wright Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
• Richard Wright Collection (MUM00488) at the University of Mississippi.
• Richard Wright Book Project materials in the papers of sociologist Horace R. Clayton, Jr. at Chicago Public Library

Pranala luar

• Karya Richard Wright di Faded Page (Canada)