Republik pisang

Republik pisang adalah istilah ilmu politik untuk menyebut negara yang politiknya tidak stabil dan ekonominya sangat bergantung pada ekspor sumber daya terbatas, misalnya pisang. Negara seperti ini biasanya memiliki kelas sosial bertingkat yang meliputi kelas pekerja miskin yang merupakan mayoritas dan plutokrasi elit bisnis, politik, dan militer yang berkuasa.^[1] Oligarki politik-ekonomi ini mengendalikan produksi primer agar bisa mengeksploitasi ekonomi negara tersebut.^[2]

Penafsiran modern

Negara-negara^[3] yang merdeka dari negara kolonial pada abad ke-20 dan 21 cenderung memiliki ciri khas republik pisang karena politiknya dipengaruhi perusahaan swasta besar, contohnya Maladewa (perusahaan resor)^[4] dan Filipina (industri tembakau, pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan perusahaan-perusahaannya, dan pemerintah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok).^[5]^[6]

Pada tanggal 14 Mei 1986, Menteri Keuangan Australia Paul Keating menyatakan bahwa Australia berpotensi menjadi republik pisang.^[7] Pernyataan ini mendapat banyak komentar dan kritik^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] dan dipandang sebagai titik balik dalam sejarah politik dan ekonomi Australia.^[17]

Lihat pula

Absurdistan
Novel diktator
Penyakit Belanda
Negara gagal
Pemerintahan hidrolik
Pengadilan kangguru
McOndo
Neo-kolonialisme
Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard (1904), karya Joseph Conrad
Negara sewa
Ruritania
William Walker

Referensi

^ Richard Alan White (1984). The Morass. United States Intervention in Central America. New York: Harper & Row. hlm. 319. P. 95. ISBN 0-06-091145-X; ISBN 978-0-06-091145-4.
^ "Big-business Greed Killing the Banana (p. A19)". The Independent, via The New Zealand Herald. 24 May 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-20. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2012.
^ Corr, Anders S.; Tacujan, Priscilla A. (July 2013). "Chinese Political and Economic Influence in the Philippines: Implications for Alliances and the South China Sea Dispute". The Journal of Political Risk (pub by Corr Analytics Inc.). 1 (3). Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ "Maldives election chaos fuels 'banana republic' fears". Asia One News. 20 October 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-19. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2014.
^ Aquino, Tricia (3 February 2014). "Which public health policy in ASEAN is most susceptible to tobacco industry influence". Interaksyon. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2014.
^ Philippines - Period of American influence. UK: Encyclopedia Brittanica. 2014. ISBN 9781593392925.
^ "Paul Keating". en.wikiquote.org. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Barton, Russell; Short, Michael (15 May 1986). "Keating gloom: $ falls". The Age. Fairfax Media.
^ Cleary, Paul (17 May 1996). "What will we do when it's all been sold?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media.
^ Cleary, Paul (13 June 1998). "If the economy's so good, how come the dollar's so bad?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media.
^ Byrne, Patrick J. (18 December 2004). "ECONOMICS: Australia's $403 billion foreign debt: hail the banana republic!". News Weekly (2697). National Civic Council. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-07. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Garnaut, John (2 March 2005). "Worst deficit in 50 years spells banana drama". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Colebatch, Tim (15 May 2006). "20 years from Keating, what price a banana now?". The Age. Fairfax Media. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ "Banana republic? No, worse: like NZ". The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. 13 September 2007.
^ van Onselen, Leith. "Revisiting the banana republic". www.macrobusiness.com.au. Macro Associates Pty Ltd. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Jericho, Greg (1 January 2014). "Cabinet papers show Paul Keating had a 'budget emergency' of his own". The Guardian (Australia Edition). Guardian Media Group. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.
^ Crotty, Martin; Andrew Roberts, David (2009). Turning Points in Australian History (edisi ke-1st). Sydney Australia: UNSW Press. hlm. 224-238. ISBN 978 1 921410 56 7. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

Pranala luar

From Arbenz to Zelaya: Chiquita in Latin America – video report by Democracy Now!
Cabbages and Kings –The O. Henry book of short stories wherein he coined the banana republic term
The Banana Republic: The Myth of the United Fruit Company Diarsipkan 2012-08-16 di Wayback Machine.

[1] Richard Alan White (1984). The Morass. United States Intervention in Central America. New York: Harper & Row. hlm. 319. P. 95. ISBN 0-06-091145-X; ISBN 978-0-06-091145-4.

[GREED-2] "Big-business Greed Killing the Banana (p. A19)". The Independent, via The New Zealand Herald. 24 May 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-20. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2012.

[3] Corr, Anders S.; Tacujan, Priscilla A. (July 2013). "Chinese Political and Economic Influence in the Philippines: Implications for Alliances and the South China Sea Dispute". The Journal of Political Risk (pub by Corr Analytics Inc.). 1 (3). Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[4] "Maldives election chaos fuels 'banana republic' fears". Asia One News. 20 October 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-19. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2014.

[5] Aquino, Tricia (3 February 2014). "Which public health policy in ASEAN is most susceptible to tobacco industry influence". Interaksyon. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2014.

[6] Philippines - Period of American influence. UK: Encyclopedia Brittanica. 2014. ISBN 9781593392925.

[7] "Paul Keating". en.wikiquote.org. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[8] Barton, Russell; Short, Michael (15 May 1986). "Keating gloom: $ falls". The Age. Fairfax Media.

[9] Cleary, Paul (17 May 1996). "What will we do when it's all been sold?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media.

[10] Cleary, Paul (13 June 1998). "If the economy's so good, how come the dollar's so bad?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media.

[11] Byrne, Patrick J. (18 December 2004). "ECONOMICS: Australia's $403 billion foreign debt: hail the banana republic!". News Weekly (2697). National Civic Council. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-07. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[12] Garnaut, John (2 March 2005). "Worst deficit in 50 years spells banana drama". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[13] Colebatch, Tim (15 May 2006). "20 years from Keating, what price a banana now?". The Age. Fairfax Media. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[14] "Banana republic? No, worse: like NZ". The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. 13 September 2007.

[15] van Onselen, Leith. "Revisiting the banana republic". www.macrobusiness.com.au. Macro Associates Pty Ltd. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[16] Jericho, Greg (1 January 2014). "Cabinet papers show Paul Keating had a 'budget emergency' of his own". The Guardian (Australia Edition). Guardian Media Group. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

[17] Crotty, Martin; Andrew Roberts, David (2009). Turning Points in Australian History (edisi ke-1st). Sydney Australia: UNSW Press. hlm. 224-238. ISBN 978 1 921410 56 7. Diakses tanggal 7 January 2015.

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