Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik

Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik adalah persamaan diferensial parsial orde dua yang menjelaskan perambatan gelombang elektromagnetik melalui medium atau dalam hampa udara. Persamaan ini adalah bentuk 3 dimensi dari persamaan gelombang. Bentuk homogen dari persamaan ini, dituliskan dalam medan listrik $E$ atau medan magnetik $B$ , dituliskan sebagai:

{\begin{aligned}\left(c^{2}\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\right)\mathbf {E} &=\mathbf {0} \\\left(c^{2}\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\right)\mathbf {B} &=\mathbf {0} \end{aligned}}

dengan

c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\varepsilon _{0}}}}

adalah kecepatan cahaya pada medium dengan permeabilitas ( $μ$ ₀) dan permitivitas ( $ε$ ₀). $\nabla 2$ adalah operator Laplace. Pada hampa udara, $c = 299,792,458$ meter per detik, adalah kecepatan cahaya dalam ruang hampa.^[1] Persamaan gelombang elektromagnetik diturunkan dari Persamaan Maxwell. Perlu diingat bahwa pada sumber-sumber lama, $B$ disebut sebagai densitas fluks magnetik atau induksi magnetik.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Elektromagnetisme[sunting | sunting sumber]

Artikel jurnal[sunting | sunting sumber]

Maxwell, James Clerk, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 155, 459-512 (1865). (This article accompanied a December 8, 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)

Bacaan setingkat sarjana[sunting | sunting sumber]

Griffiths, David J. (1998). Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X.
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0810-8.
Edward M. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985). ISBN 0-07-004908-4.
Hermann A. Haus and James R. Melcher, Electromagnetic Fields and Energy (Prentice-Hall, 1989) ISBN 0-13-249020-X.
Banesh Hoffmann, Relativity and Its Roots (Freeman, New York, 1983). ISBN 0-7167-1478-7.
David H. Staelin, Ann W. Morgenthaler, and Jin Au Kong, Electromagnetic Waves (Prentice-Hall, 1994) ISBN 0-13-225871-4.
Charles F. Stevens, The Six Core Theories of Modern Physics, (MIT Press, 1995) ISBN 0-262-69188-4.
Markus Zahn, Electromagnetic Field Theory: a problem solving approach, (John Wiley & Sons, 1979) ISBN 0-471-02198-9

Bacaan setingkat master[sunting | sunting sumber]

Jackson, John D. (1998). Classical Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-30932-X.
Landau, L. D., The Classical Theory of Fields (Course of Theoretical Physics: Volume 2), (Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 1987). ISBN 0-08-018176-7.
Maxwell, James C. (1954). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Dover. ISBN 0-486-60637-6.
Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Gravitation, (1970) W.H. Freeman, New York; ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. (Provides a treatment of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms.)

Kalkulus vektor[sunting | sunting sumber]

P. C. Matthews Vector Calculus, Springer 1998, ISBN 3-540-76180-2
H. M. Schey, Div Grad Curl and all that: An informal text on vector calculus, 4th edition (W. W. Norton & Company, 2005) ISBN 0-393-92516-1.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Current practice is to use $c 0$ to denote the speed of light in vacuum according to ISO 31. In the original Recommendation of 1983, the symbol $c$ was used for this purpose. See NIST Special Publication 330, Appendix 2, p. 45 Diarsipkan 2016-06-03 di Wayback Machine.

[1] Current practice is to use $c 0$ to denote the speed of light in vacuum according to ISO 31. In the original Recommendation of 1983, the symbol $c$ was used for this purpose. See NIST Special Publication 330, Appendix 2, p. 45 Diarsipkan 2016-06-03 di Wayback Machine.

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