Penaklukan Lembah Indus oleh Akhemeniyah
| Penaklukan Lembah Indus oleh Akhemeniyah | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagian dari Penaklukan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah | |||||||
 Perbatasan timur Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah dan kerajaan-kerajaan dan kota-kota India kuno (sekitar 500 SM).[1][2][3][4] | |||||||
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| Pihak terlibat | |||||||
| Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah | Mahajanapada | ||||||
Penaklukan Lembah Indus oleh Akhemeniyah merujuk kepada penaklukan militer dan pemerintahan Akhemeniyah atas wilayah barat laut anak benua India, dari abad ke-6 sampai abad ke-4 SM. Penaklukan terjadi dalam dua fase. Invasi pertama dilakukan pada sekitar tahun 535 SM oleh Sirus Agung, yang mendirikan Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah.[1] Sirus menganeksasi wilayah-wilayah barat Sungai Indus, yang membentuk perbatasan timur dari kekaisaran tersebut. Setelah kematian Sirus, Darius Agung mendirikan dinastinya dan mulai merebut kembali bekas provinsi-provinsi dan kemudian memperluas wilayah kekaisaran tersebut. Pada sekitar tahun 518 SM, Darius melintasi Himalaya menuju India untuk menginisiasikan periode penaklukan kedua dengan menganeksasi wilayah-wilayah sepanjang Sungai Jhelum di Punjab.[6]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ a b c Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization 1999, hlm. 116–117.
- ^ Philip's Atlas of World History (1999)
- ^ O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Atlas of World History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 43. ISBN 9780195219210.
- ^ Barraclough, Geoffrey (1989). The Times Atlas of World History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Times Books. hlm. 79. ISBN 9780723009061.
- ^ Errington, Elizabeth; Trust, Ancient India and Iran; Museum, Fitzwilliam (1992). The Crossroads of Asia: transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan (dalam bahasa Inggris). Ancient India and Iran Trust. hlm. 56. ISBN 9780951839911.
- ^ André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4.
Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Archibald, Zosia; Davies, John K.; Gabrielsen, Vincent (2011), The Economies of Hellenistic Societies, Third to First Centuries BC, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199587926
- Alram, Michael (2016), "The Coinage of the Persian Empire", dalam William E. Metcalf, The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage, Oxford University Press, hlm. 61–, ISBN 9780199372188
- Boardman, John (1998), "Reflections on the Origins of Indian Stone Architecture", Bulletin of the Asia Institute, pp. 15–19, 1998, New Series, Vol. 12, (Alexander's Legacy in the East: Studies in Honor of Paul Bernard), p. 13-22, JSTOR
- Bopearachchi, Osmund (2000), "Coin Production and Circulation in Central Asia and North-West India (Before and after Alexander's Conquest)", Indologica Taurinensia, International Association of Sanskrit Studies, 25
- Bopearachchi, Osmund (2017), "Achaemenids and Mauryans: Emergence of Coins and Plastic Arts in India", dalam Alka Patel; Touraj Daryaee, India and Iran in the Longue Durée, UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies, hlm. 15–48
- Bopearachchi, Osmund; Cribb, Joe (1992), "Coins illustrating the History of the Crossroads of Asia", dalam Errington, Elizabeth; Cribb, Joe; Claringbull, Maggie, The Crossroads of Asia: transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan, Ancient India and Iran Trust, hlm. 56–59, ISBN 978-0-9518399-1-1
- Cribb, Joe (1983), "Investigating the introduction of coinage in India - A review of recent research", Journal of the Numismatic Society of India: 80–101
- Dandamaev, M. A. (1989), A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-09172-6
- Eggermont, Pierre Herman Leonard (1975), Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia, Peeters Publishers, ISBN 978-90-6186-037-2
- Harle, J.C., The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, ISBN 0300062176
- Magee, Peter; Petrie, Cameron; Knox, Richard; Khan, Farid; Thomas, Ken (2005), "The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations in Akra in Northwest Pakistan", American Journal of Archaeology, 109 (4): 711–741, doi:10.3764/aja.109.4.711
- Mitchiner, Michael (1978), The Ancient & Classical World, 600 B.C.-A.D. 650, Hawkins Publications ; distributed by B. A. Seaby, ISBN 9780904173161
- Neelis, Jason (2010), Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-18159-5
- Olmstead, A. T. (1948), History of the Persian Empire, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-62777-9
- Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age International. ISBN 9788122411980.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Ancient India, A History Textbook for Class XI, Ram Sharan Sharma, National Council of Educational Research and Training, India Iranian and Macedonian Invasion, pp 108
- INDIA iii. RELATIONS: ACHAEMENID PERIOD