Penaklukan Muslim Awal: Perbedaan antara revisi
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*Edward Gibbon, [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter51.html ''History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''] Chapter 51 |
* Edward Gibbon, [http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter51.html ''History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''] Chapter 51 |
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*Fred Donner, [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/donner.html ''The Early Islamic Conquests''] Chapter 6 |
* Fred Donner, [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/donner.html ''The Early Islamic Conquests''] Chapter 6 |
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*Hugh Kennedy, ''The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in'' (2007) ISBN 0-306-81585-0 |
* Hugh Kennedy, ''The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in'' (2007) ISBN 0-306-81585-0 |
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Revisi per 12 Februari 2010 14.25
Penaklukan Muslim Arab (632–732), (Arab: فتح , Fatah, berarti pembukaan,) juga disebut Penaklukan Islam atau Penaklukan Arab,[1] dimulai setelah kematian nabi Muhammad. Ia mendirikan pemerintahan bersatu yang baru di jazirah Arab yang dibawah kekhalifahan Rasyidin dan Umayyah mengalami ekspansi besar-besaran kekuatan Arab diluar jazirah Arab dengan wilayah kekuasaan yang terbentang dari India barat laut, melewati Asia Tengah, Timur Tengah, Afrika Utara, Italia selatan, semenanjung Iberia, hingga Pirenia.
Referensi
- ^ Martin Sicker (2000), The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna, 'Praeger.
- Edward Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Chapter 51
- Fred Donner, The Early Islamic Conquests Chapter 6
- Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in (2007) ISBN 0-306-81585-0