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'''Partito Comunista Italiano''' (PCI) atau '''Partai Komunis Italia''' muncul sebagai ''Partito Comunista d'Italia'' dari perpecahan yang ditimbulklan oleh kecenderungan ''comunisti puri'' (komunis murni) [[Leninisme|Leninis]] dari [[Partai Sosialis Italia]] (PSI) pada saat kongres partai tersebut pada [[21 Januari]] [[1921]] di [[Livorno]]. [[Amedeo Bordiga]] dan [[Antonio Gramsci]] memimpin perpecahan tersebut. Pada [[1926]] partai itu dilarang oleh pemerintahan [[Fasis]] [[Benito Mussolini]].
'''Partito Comunista Italiano''' (PCI) atau '''Partai Komunis Italia''' muncul sebagai ''Partito Comunista d'Italia'' dari perpecahan yang ditimbulkan oleh kecenderungan ''comunisti puri'' (komunis murni) [[Leninisme|Leninis]] dari [[Partai Sosialis Italia]] (PSI) pada saat kongres partai tersebut pada [[21 Januari]] [[1921]] di [[Livorno]]. [[Amedeo Bordiga]] dan [[Antonio Gramsci]] memimpin perpecahan tersebut. Pada [[1926]] partai itu dilarang oleh pemerintahan [[Fasis]] [[Benito Mussolini]].


<!--Although forced underground, the PCI continued underground and in exile. In 1926 its left wing led by Bordiga was finally defeated and replaced by a new leadership around Gramsci at a conference in Lyon which issued a set of theses expressing the programmatic basis of the party at that point. However Gramsci soon found himself jailed by Mussolini's repression and the leadership passed to [[Palmiro Togliatti]]. Togliatti would lead the party until it emerged from illegality in [[1944]] and relaunched itself as the Italian Communist Party.
Meskipun dipaksa bergerak di bawah tanah, PCI terus bergerak di bawah tanah maupun di pembuangan. Pada 1926 sayap kirinya yang dipimpin oleh Bordiga akhirnya dikalahkan dan digantikan oleh pimpinan baru di sektiar Gramsci pada suatu konferensi di Lyon, Prancis, yang menerbitkan serangkaian tesis yang mengungkapkan dasar program partai pada waktu itu. Namun Gramsci pun tak lama kemudian dipenjarakan oleh penindasan Mussolini dan kepemimpinan diserahkan kepada [[Palmiro Togliatti]]. Togliatti memimpin partai ini hingga akhirnya keluar dari status ilegalnya pada [[1944]] dan kembali menyatakan status resminya sebagai Partai Komunis Italia.
[[Image:Antonio_Gramsci.jpg|thumb|left|Antonio Gramsci]]
[[Image:Antonio_Gramsci.jpg|thumb|left|Antonio Gramsci]]
The party took part in every government during the national [[Liberazione|liberation]] and constitutional period, from June [[1944]] to May [[1947]]. In the first general elections of [[1948]] it joined the PSI in the ''Democratic Popular Front'' but was defeated by the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] party.
Partai ini ikut serta dalam setiap pemerintahan pada masa [[Liberazione|pembebasan]] nasional dan periode konstitusional, dari Juni [[1944]] hingga Mei [[1947]]. Dalam pemilu pertama pada [[1948]] partai ini bergabung dengan PSI dalam ''Front Rakyat Demokratis'' namun dikalahkan oleh partai [[Kristen Demokrat (Italia)|Kristen Demokrat]].


The party gained considerable electoral success during the following years and occasionally supplied external support to center-left governments, never joining directly. One of its successes was the lobbying of [[Fiat]] to set up the [[AvtoVAZ]] (Lada) car factory in the [[Soviet Union]].
<!--The party gained considerable electoral success during the following years and occasionally supplied external support to center-left governments, never joining directly. One of its successes was the lobbying of [[Fiat]] to set up the [[AvtoVAZ]] (Lada) car factory in the [[Soviet Union]].


After the Athens [[Greek military junta of 1967-1974|Athens Colonel Coup]] in April of [[1967]], Longo and other PCI leaders became alarmed at the possibility of a repeat in Italy (there was two attempted coup in [[Italy]] in the [[1964]] and [[1970]] by neo-fascist and military gruop). [[Giorgio Amendola]] formally requested [[Soviet]] assistance to prepare the party in case of such an event. The [[KGB]] drew up and implemented a plan to provide the PCI with its own intelligence and clandestine [[signal corps]]. From 1967 through [[1973]], PCI members were sent to [[East Germany]] and [[Moscow]] to receive training in clandestine warfare and information gathering techniques by both the [[Stasi]] and the KGB. Shortly before the May 1972 elections, Longo personally wrote to [[Leonid Brezhnev]] asking for, and receiving and additional $5.7 million in funding. This was on top of the 3.5 million that the PCI was given in 1971. The Soviets also provided additional funding through the use of front companies providing generous contracts to PCI members. At the time the PCI was the biggest Communist Party in a democratic state, obtaining a score of 34,4% in the [[1976]] general elections.
After the Athens [[Greek military junta of 1967-1974|Athens Colonel Coup]] in April of [[1967]], Longo and other PCI leaders became alarmed at the possibility of a repeat in Italy (there was two attempted coup in [[Italy]] in the [[1964]] and [[1970]] by neo-fascist and military gruop). [[Giorgio Amendola]] formally requested [[Soviet]] assistance to prepare the party in case of such an event. The [[KGB]] drew up and implemented a plan to provide the PCI with its own intelligence and clandestine [[signal corps]]. From 1967 through [[1973]], PCI members were sent to [[East Germany]] and [[Moscow]] to receive training in clandestine warfare and information gathering techniques by both the [[Stasi]] and the KGB. Shortly before the May 1972 elections, Longo personally wrote to [[Leonid Brezhnev]] asking for, and receiving and additional $5.7 million in funding. This was on top of the 3.5 million that the PCI was given in 1971. The Soviets also provided additional funding through the use of front companies providing generous contracts to PCI members. At the time the PCI was the biggest Communist Party in a democratic state, obtaining a score of 34,4% in the [[1976]] general elections.

Revisi per 19 April 2006 19.36

Partai Komunis Italia
Partito Comunista Italiano
Berkas:PCI symbol.jpg
Bekas Partai nasional Italia
Ideologi politik Komunisme, Sosialisme, Eurokomunisme
Surat kabar resmi L'Unità
Situs N/A
Lihat pula Politik Italia

Partai politik di Italia
Pemilu di Italia

Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) atau Partai Komunis Italia muncul sebagai Partito Comunista d'Italia dari perpecahan yang ditimbulkan oleh kecenderungan comunisti puri (komunis murni) Leninis dari Partai Sosialis Italia (PSI) pada saat kongres partai tersebut pada 21 Januari 1921 di Livorno. Amedeo Bordiga dan Antonio Gramsci memimpin perpecahan tersebut. Pada 1926 partai itu dilarang oleh pemerintahan Fasis Benito Mussolini.

Meskipun dipaksa bergerak di bawah tanah, PCI terus bergerak di bawah tanah maupun di pembuangan. Pada 1926 sayap kirinya yang dipimpin oleh Bordiga akhirnya dikalahkan dan digantikan oleh pimpinan baru di sektiar Gramsci pada suatu konferensi di Lyon, Prancis, yang menerbitkan serangkaian tesis yang mengungkapkan dasar program partai pada waktu itu. Namun Gramsci pun tak lama kemudian dipenjarakan oleh penindasan Mussolini dan kepemimpinan diserahkan kepada Palmiro Togliatti. Togliatti memimpin partai ini hingga akhirnya keluar dari status ilegalnya pada 1944 dan kembali menyatakan status resminya sebagai Partai Komunis Italia.

Antonio Gramsci

Partai ini ikut serta dalam setiap pemerintahan pada masa pembebasan nasional dan periode konstitusional, dari Juni 1944 hingga Mei 1947. Dalam pemilu pertama pada 1948 partai ini bergabung dengan PSI dalam Front Rakyat Demokratis namun dikalahkan oleh partai Kristen Demokrat.


Sekretaris Partai (menurut urutan kronologis):

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