Penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus Amerika Serikat (2017–2019): Perbedaan antara revisi

← Revisi sebelumnya Revisi selanjutnya →

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi per 4 April 2019 03.30

Penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus yang berlangsung pada 2017 hingga 2019 (disebut juga sebagai penyelidikan Mueller, laporan Mueller, investigasi Mueller, dan investigasi Rusia) ^[1] ^[2] adalah penyelidikan penegakan hukum dan kontra intelijen Amerika Serikat atas upaya pemerintah Rusia untuk ikut campur dalam pemilihan presiden AS 2016 . Menurut dokumen otorisasi yang ditandatangani oleh Wakil Jaksa Agung Rod Rosenstein pada 17 Mei 2017, ruang lingkup penyelidikan termasuk di antaranya tuduhan bahwa ada hubungan atau koordinasi antara kampanye kepresidenan Donald Trump dan pemerintah Rusia ^[3] ^[4] serta "segala hal yang muncul atau mungkin timbul langsung dari penyelidikan". Ruang lingkup investigasi juga termasuk potensi adanya perbuatan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan (obstruction of justice) oleh Trump dan orang-orang lainnya. ^[5] Dilakukan oleh Kantor Penasihat Khusus Departemen Kehakiman yang dipimpin oleh Robert Mueller, yang merupakan seorang dari Partai Republik AS dan mantan Direktur Biro Investigasi Federal (FBI), penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus dimulai delapan hari setelah Presiden Trump memberhentikan direktur FBI James Comey, yang memimpin investigasi FBI yang ada sejak Juli 2016 ke dalam hubungan antara rekanan Trump dan pejabat Rusia. Setelah pemecatan Comey, lebih dari 130 anggota parlemen Demokrat di Kongres menyerukan penunjukan penasihat khusus, sementara FBI mulai menyelidiki Trump atas tuduhan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan. Kantor jaksa khusus ini mengambil alih kedua investigasi FBI yang berlangsung sebelumnya. ^[6] ^[7]

Investigasi tersebut menghasilkan puluhan dakwaan untuk kejahatan federal dan setidaknya delapan pengakuan atau vonis bersalah. Pada Agustus 2018, mantan ketua komite kampanye Trump, Paul Manafort dinyatakan bersalah atas delapan tuduhan kejahatan finansial di Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Timur Virginia ^[8] dan sebulan kemudian mengaku bersalah atas konspirasi untuk menipu Amerika Serikat dan menghalangi proses pengadilan, dalam tawaran pembelaan untuk bekerja sama sepenuhnya dengan jaksa. ^[9] ^[10] Investigasi juga menyebabkan mantan Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Trump, Michael Flynn mengaku bersalah membuat pernyataan palsu kepada FBI seputar diskusi mengenai sanksi dengan duta besar Rusia selama masa kampanye Trump, ^[11] dan kemudian diwajibkan menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama dalam penyelidikan. ^[12] Mueller selanjutnya mendapatkan pengakuan bersalah dari mitra bisnis Manafort Rick Gates, pengacara Belanda Alex van der Zwaan, ^[13] mantan penasihat kampanye Trump George Papadopoulos, pelobi W. Samuel Patten ^[14] dan Richard Pinedo. ^[15] Kecuali Van der Zwaan, semua telah menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama untuk simpatisan. Pada bulan Februari 2018, Mueller mendakwa 13 warga negara Rusia dan tiga entitas Rusia, terutama Internet Research Agency ^[16] dan pada Juni 2018 menambahkan dakwaan terhadap Konstantin Kilimnik, mitra bisnis Manafort, ^[17] yang di mana ia telah memberikan data internal seputar survei kampanye. ^[18] Pada Juli 2018, 12 anggota kelompok spionase dunia maya Rusia GRU yang dikenal sebagai Fancy Bear, yang bertanggung jawab atas peretasan email DNC 2016, turut didakwa. ^[19] Investigasi yang mengarah ke pengacara pribadi Trump Michael Cohen juga dirujuk ke kantor Kejaksaan Distrik Selatan New York. ^[20] Penasihat Trump selama puluhan tahun, Roger Stone juga didakwa atas tujuh dakwaan pada Januari 2019. ^[21]

Awalnya menerima dukungan bipartisan, ^[22] ^[23] penyelidikan Penasihat Khusus kemudian kerap dikritik oleh Trump dan para pendukungnya. Trump telah mengkritik orang atau kelompok yang terkait dengan penyelidikan lebih dari 1.000 kali. ^[24] Pada 30 Januari 2019, dokumen pengadilan FBI mengungkapkan bahwa seseorang yang berlokasi di Rusia juga berusaha mendiskreditkan penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus melalui Twitter. ^[25] ^[26] Orang-orang Rusia juga mengirim dokumen palsu ke wartawan. ^[27] Beberapa dugaan penyalahgunaan yang dilakukan penyelidik sempat mencuat dan segera dibantah. ^[28] Trump dan pendukungnya juga mengkritik biaya penyelidikan. Sampai Desember 2018, investigasi menelan biaya sekitar AS$ 25 juta sementara memperoleh sekitar AS$ 48 juta melalui penyitaan aset. ^[29] ^[30]

Kantor Jaksa Khusus telah menyelesaikan penyelidikannya dan menyerahkan laporan akhir kepada Jaksa Agung William Barr pada 22 Maret 2019. ^[31] Barr, yang dicalonkan Trump, telah menjadi Jaksa Agung pada 14 Februari 2019, mendapatkan pengawasan atas investigasi dari Plt. Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang ditunjuk Trump, Matthew Whitaker, yang telah mengambil sendiri pengawasan dari Wakil Jaksa Agung Rod Rosenstein pada 7 November 2018, disertai dengan pengunduran diri Jaksa Agung Jeff Sessions (yang telah menarik diri dari penyelidikan). Barr dan Whitaker sama-sama pernah mengkritik investigasi Mueller sebelum mereka menjabat.

Pada 24 Maret, Jaksa Agung Barr mengirim surat sepanjang empat halaman kepada Kongres AS mengenai temuan penasihat khusus mengenai campur tangan Rusia dan menghalangi penyelidikan. ^[32] Barr mengatakan bahwa mengenai masalah campur tangan Rusia dalam pemilihan, Mueller merinci dua cara di mana Rusia berusaha untuk mempengaruhi pemilihan presiden AS dengan mendukung Trump, tetapi "tidak menetapkan bahwa anggota Kampanye Trump berkonspirasi atau berkoordinasi dengan pemerintah Rusia dalam kegiatan mengganggu pemilihan umum. " ^[33] ^[34] ^[35] ^[36] Mengenai tuduhan menghalang-halangi penyelidikan, Barr mengatakan tidak ada kesimpulan yang dicapai oleh penasihat khusus, mencatat bahwa Mueller menulis "sementara laporan ini tidak menyimpulkan bahwa Presiden melakukan tindakan kriminal, [laporan] ini juga tidak membebaskannya [dari tuduhan tersebut]." ^[33] ^[37] Berdasarkan kebijakan Departemen Kehakiman, kemungkinan kasus tersebut dikirim ke jaksa agung dan wakil jaksa agung untuk ditinjau; Barr dan Rosenstein sama-sama menyimpulkan bahwa kasus tersebut tidak dapat dibuktikan di pengadilan. ^[38] ^[39] ^[40]

Referensi

^ Panetta, Grace. "Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation". Business Insider. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 24, 2019.
^ Wolfe, Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia (March 7, 2019). "Is The Russia Investigation Really Another Watergate?". FiveThirtyEight. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.
^ Mazzetti, Mark; Benner, Katie (March 24, 2019). "Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ Budryk, Zack (March 24, 2019). "Trump Jr.: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report". The Hill. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.
^ Strohm, Chris; Pettypiece, Shannon (March 12, 2018). "Mueller Weighs Putting Off Trump Obstruction Decision". Bloomberg News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal March 13, 2018.
^ Apuzzo, Matt; Goldman, Adam; Fandos, Nicholas (May 16, 2018). "Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 1, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 9, 2018.
^ Brown, Pamela; Herb, Jeremy. "The frantic scramble before Mueller got the job". CNN. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.
^ LaFraniere, Sharon (August 21, 2018). "Paul Manafort Convicted in Fraud Trial". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 4, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2018.
^ Maza, Christina (September 14, 2018). "Trump-Russia investigation: Paul Manafort guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman". Newsweek. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 14, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2018.
^ Polantz, Katelyn (September 14, 2018). "Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 29, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2018.
^ Dilanian, Ken (February 10, 2017). "Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office". NBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 28 March 2019.
^ Shear, Michael D.; Goldman, Adam (December 1, 2017). "Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 14, 2017. Diakses tanggal December 14, 2017.
^ Polantz, Katelyn; Cohen, Marshall (February 20, 2018). "Mueller charges lawyer with lying about interaction with Rick Gates". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 12, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 20, 2018.
^ Kenneth P. Vogel; LaFraniere, Sharon; Goldman, Adam; Sullivan, Eileen; Confessore, Nicholas (August 31, 2018). "Lobbyist Pleads Guilty to Steering Foreign Funds to Trump Inaugural". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 31, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 31, 2018.
^ Fandos, Nicholas (February 16, 2018). "Russians Bought Bank Accounts From California Man, Mueller Says". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 16, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 17, 2018.
^ Apuzzo, Matt; LaFraniere, Sharon (February 16, 2018). "13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 17, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 17, 2018.
^ Vogel, Kenneth P. (June 8, 2018). "Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal June 8, 2018.
^ LaFraniere, Sharon; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Haberman, Maggie (8 January 2019). "Manafort Accused of Sharing Trump Polling Data With Russian Associate". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2019.
^ Mazzetti, Mark; Benner, Katie (July 13, 2018). "U.S. Indicts 12 Russian Agents in 2016 Election Hacking". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal July 13, 2018.
^ Apuzzo, Matt (April 9, 2018). "F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 9, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 9, 2018.
^ Mazzetti, Mark; Sullivan, Eileen; Haberman, Maggie (January 25, 2019). "Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 29, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2019.
^ Berman, Russell (May 17, 2017). "Mueller Pick Meets a Rare Bipartisan Consensus". The Atlantic.
^ "Robert Mueller appointment to lead Russia probe wins bipartisan praise". Fox News. May 17, 2017.
^ Buchanan, Larry; Yourish, Karen; Lai, Rebecca; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2019). "Trump Has Publicly Attacked the Russia Investigation More Than 1,100 Times".
^ Polantz, Katelyn (January 30, 2019). "Pro-Russian Twitter account used non-public material from Mueller's team in effort to discredit Russia probe". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 31, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.
^ Mueller, Robert (January 30, 2019). "Government's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Approval to Disclose Discovery Pursuant to Protective Order" (PDF). United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Crim. No. 18-CR-32-2 (DLF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal January 30, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.
^ Collins, Ben (January 30, 2019). "Its some galaxy brain stuff they wanted us to believe How Russias effort to sabotage Muellers investigation backfired". NBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 31, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.
^ Berbagai sumber:
^ Gillespie, Emily (December 14, 2018). "Mueller Investigation Cost $25 Million So Far, Report Says. It's Pulled in Nearly $48 Million from Tax Cheats". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 16, 2018. Diakses tanggal December 16, 2018.
^ Higgins, Tucker; Malter, Jordan (September 17, 2018). "Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation could turn a profit for the government, thanks to Paul Manafort's asset forfeiture". CNBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 19, 2018. Diakses tanggal December 18, 2018.
^ Breuninger, Kevin (March 22, 2019). "MUELLER PROBE ENDS: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr". CNBC. Diakses tanggal March 22, 2019.
^ Barr, William (March 24, 2019), English: The Attorney General (PDF), diakses tanggal March 24, 2019
^ ^a ^b Herb, Jeremy; Jarrett, Laura; Polantz, Katelyn (March 24, 2019). "Mueller did not find Trump or his campaign conspired with Russia, also did not exonerate him on obstruction". CNN. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ "Read Attorney General William Barr's Summary of the Mueller Report". The New York Times. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ "Mueller Report: Investigation finds no evidence of Russia conspiracy, leaves obstruction question open". USA Today. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ Barr, William (March 24, 2019), English: The Attorney General (PDF), diakses tanggal March 24, 2019
^ "Mueller Report Live Updates: No Trump-Russia Conspiracy". The New York Times. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ Basu, Zachary (March 24, 2019). "Mueller investigation finds no Trump campaign conspiracy with Russia". Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.
^ Schmidt, Michael S.; Savage, Charlie (March 24, 2019). "Barr Goes Beyond Mueller in Clearing Trump on Obstruction, Drawing Scrutiny". NYTimes.com.
^ Farrell, Greg (March 24, 2019). "Mueller Leaves Obstruction Question to Barr, Who Clears Trump". Bloomberg.com.

[Mueller_Probe-1] Panetta, Grace. "Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation". Business Insider. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 24, 2019.

[2] Wolfe, Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia (March 7, 2019). "Is The Russia Investigation Really Another Watergate?". FiveThirtyEight. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.

[Mazzetti_Benner_3/24/2019-3] Mazzetti, Mark; Benner, Katie (March 24, 2019). "Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[4] Budryk, Zack (March 24, 2019). "Trump Jr.: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report". The Hill. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.

[Mueller_Weighs-5] Strohm, Chris; Pettypiece, Shannon (March 12, 2018). "Mueller Weighs Putting Off Trump Obstruction Decision". Bloomberg News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal March 13, 2018.

[Crossfire_Hurricane-6] Apuzzo, Matt; Goldman, Adam; Fandos, Nicholas (May 16, 2018). "Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 1, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 9, 2018.

[eightdays-7] Brown, Pamela; Herb, Jeremy. "The frantic scramble before Mueller got the job". CNN. Diakses tanggal March 25, 2019.

[8] LaFraniere, Sharon (August 21, 2018). "Paul Manafort Convicted in Fraud Trial". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 4, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 21, 2018.

[9] Maza, Christina (September 14, 2018). "Trump-Russia investigation: Paul Manafort guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman". Newsweek. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 14, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2018.

[10] Polantz, Katelyn (September 14, 2018). "Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 29, 2018. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2018.

[11] Dilanian, Ken (February 10, 2017). "Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office". NBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 28 March 2019.

[12] Shear, Michael D.; Goldman, Adam (December 1, 2017). "Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 14, 2017. Diakses tanggal December 14, 2017.

[13] Polantz, Katelyn; Cohen, Marshall (February 20, 2018). "Mueller charges lawyer with lying about interaction with Rick Gates". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 12, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 20, 2018.

[14] Kenneth P. Vogel; LaFraniere, Sharon; Goldman, Adam; Sullivan, Eileen; Confessore, Nicholas (August 31, 2018). "Lobbyist Pleads Guilty to Steering Foreign Funds to Trump Inaugural". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 31, 2018. Diakses tanggal August 31, 2018.

[15] Fandos, Nicholas (February 16, 2018). "Russians Bought Bank Accounts From California Man, Mueller Says". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 16, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 17, 2018.

[16] Apuzzo, Matt; LaFraniere, Sharon (February 16, 2018). "13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 17, 2018. Diakses tanggal February 17, 2018.

[17] Vogel, Kenneth P. (June 8, 2018). "Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal June 8, 2018.

[18] LaFraniere, Sharon; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Haberman, Maggie (8 January 2019). "Manafort Accused of Sharing Trump Polling Data With Russian Associate". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2019.

[auto7-19] Mazzetti, Mark; Benner, Katie (July 13, 2018). "U.S. Indicts 12 Russian Agents in 2016 Election Hacking". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 5, 2018. Diakses tanggal July 13, 2018.

[NYTimesCohenRaid-20] Apuzzo, Matt (April 9, 2018). "F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal April 9, 2018. Diakses tanggal April 9, 2018.

[21] Mazzetti, Mark; Sullivan, Eileen; Haberman, Maggie (January 25, 2019). "Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 29, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 29, 2019.

[22] Berman, Russell (May 17, 2017). "Mueller Pick Meets a Rare Bipartisan Consensus". The Atlantic.

[23] "Robert Mueller appointment to lead Russia probe wins bipartisan praise". Fox News. May 17, 2017.

[nytimes1100-24] Buchanan, Larry; Yourish, Karen; Lai, Rebecca; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2019). "Trump Has Publicly Attacked the Russia Investigation More Than 1,100 Times".

[ruhroh-25] Polantz, Katelyn (January 30, 2019). "Pro-Russian Twitter account used non-public material from Mueller's team in effort to discredit Russia probe". CNN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 31, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.

[jinkies-26] Mueller, Robert (January 30, 2019). "Government's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Approval to Disclose Discovery Pursuant to Protective Order" (PDF). United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Crim. No. 18-CR-32-2 (DLF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal January 30, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.

[zoinks-27] Collins, Ben (January 30, 2019). "Its some galaxy brain stuff they wanted us to believe How Russias effort to sabotage Muellers investigation backfired". NBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 31, 2019. Diakses tanggal January 30, 2019.

[misconductdebunk-28] Berbagai sumber:

[:0-29] Gillespie, Emily (December 14, 2018). "Mueller Investigation Cost $25 Million So Far, Report Says. It's Pulled in Nearly $48 Million from Tax Cheats". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 16, 2018. Diakses tanggal December 16, 2018.

[30] Higgins, Tucker; Malter, Jordan (September 17, 2018). "Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation could turn a profit for the government, thanks to Paul Manafort's asset forfeiture". CNBC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 19, 2018. Diakses tanggal December 18, 2018.

[31] Breuninger, Kevin (March 22, 2019). "MUELLER PROBE ENDS: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr". CNBC. Diakses tanggal March 22, 2019.

[32] Barr, William (March 24, 2019), English: The Attorney General (PDF), diakses tanggal March 24, 2019

[Herb-33] Herb, Jeremy; Jarrett, Laura; Polantz, Katelyn (March 24, 2019). "Mueller did not find Trump or his campaign conspired with Russia, also did not exonerate him on obstruction". CNN. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[34] "Read Attorney General William Barr's Summary of the Mueller Report". The New York Times. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[USATodaymarch24-35] "Mueller Report: Investigation finds no evidence of Russia conspiracy, leaves obstruction question open". USA Today. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[36] Barr, William (March 24, 2019), English: The Attorney General (PDF), diakses tanggal March 24, 2019

[37] "Mueller Report Live Updates: No Trump-Russia Conspiracy". The New York Times. March 24, 2019. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[auto2-38] Basu, Zachary (March 24, 2019). "Mueller investigation finds no Trump campaign conspiracy with Russia". Diakses tanggal March 24, 2019.

[auto4-39] Schmidt, Michael S.; Savage, Charlie (March 24, 2019). "Barr Goes Beyond Mueller in Clearing Trump on Obstruction, Drawing Scrutiny". NYTimes.com.

[auto3-40] Farrell, Greg (March 24, 2019). "Mueller Leaves Obstruction Question to Barr, Who Clears Trump". Bloomberg.com.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

@@ Baris 1: / Baris 1: @@
 [[Berkas:Appointment_of_Special_Counsel_to_Investigate_Russian_Interference_with_the_2016_Presidential_Election_and_Related_Matters.pdf|jmpl| Surat Perintah tertanggal 17 Mei 2017, menunjuk penasihat khusus untuk menyelidiki campur tangan Rusia dalam pemilu Amerika Serikat 2016 ]]
 [[Berkas:AG_March_24_2019_Letter_to_House_and_Senate_Judiciary_Committees.pdf|jmpl| Surat dari [[Jaksa Agung Amerika Serikat|Jaksa Agung]] AS William Barr tertanggal 24 Maret 2019, kepada para komite pengadilan DPR dan Senat AS yang berisi ringkasan investigasi ]]
-'''Penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus''' yang berlangsung pada 2017 hingga 2019 (disebut juga sebagai '''penyelidikan Mueller''', '''laporan Mueller''', '''investigasi Mueller''', dan '''investigasi Rusia''') <ref name="Mueller Probe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mueller-grand-juries-work-mueller-investigation-government-shutdown-2019-1|title=Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation|last=Panetta|first=Grace|website=Business Insider|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203414/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mueller-grand-juries-work-mueller-investigation-government-shutdown-2019-1|archive-date=January 24, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/russia-investigation/|title=Is The Russia Investigation Really Another Watergate?|last=Wolfe|first=Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia|date=March 7, 2019|website=FiveThirtyEight|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> adalah penyelidikan penegakan hukum dan [[Kontra-intelijen|kontra intelijen]] Amerika Serikat atas upaya pemerintah Rusia untuk ikut campur dalam [[Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016|pemilihan presiden AS 2016]] . Menurut dokumen otorisasi yang ditandatangani oleh Wakil Jaksa Agung Rod Rosenstein pada 17 Mei 2017, ruang lingkup penyelidikan termasuk diantaranya tuduhan bahwa ada hubungan atau koordinasi antara kampanye kepresidenan [[Donald Trump]] dan [[pemerintah Rusia]] <ref name="Mazzetti_Benner_3/24/2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/24/us/politics/mueller-report-summary.html|title=Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|last2=Benner|first2=Katie|date=March 24, 2019|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/435532-trump-jr-calls-for-media-to-be-held-accountable-after-mueller-findings|title=Trump Jr.: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report|last=Budryk|first=Zack|date=March 24, 2019|work=The Hill|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> serta "segala hal yang muncul atau mungkin timbul langsung dari penyelidikan". Ruang lingkup investigasi juga termasuk potensi adanya perbuatan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan (''obstruction of justice'') oleh Trump dan orang-orang lainnya. <ref name="Mueller Weighs">{{Cite news|title=Mueller Weighs Putting Off Trump Obstruction Decision|first=Chris|last=Strohm|first2=Shannon|last2=Pettypiece|date=March 12, 2018|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-12/mueller-is-said-to-weigh-putting-off-trump-obstruction-decision|access-date=March 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201607/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-12/mueller-is-said-to-weigh-putting-off-trump-obstruction-decision|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dilakukan oleh Kantor [[Jaksa khusus|Penasihat Khusus]] [[Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat|Departemen Kehakiman yang]] dipimpin oleh [[Robert Mueller]], yang merupakan seorang [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|dari Partai Republik AS]] dan mantan [[Direktur Biro Investigasi Federal|Direktur]] [[Biro Investigasi Federal]] (FBI), penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus dimulai delapan hari setelah Presiden Trump memberhentikan direktur FBI [[James Comey]], yang memimpin investigasi FBI yang ada sejak Juli 2016 ke dalam hubungan antara rekanan Trump dan pejabat Rusia. Setelah pemecatan Comey, lebih dari 130 anggota parlemen Demokrat di Kongres menyerukan penunjukan penasihat khusus, sementara FBI mulai menyelidiki Trump atas tuduhan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan. Kantor jaksa khusus ini mengambil alih kedua investigasi FBI yang berlangsung sebelumnya. <ref name="Crossfire Hurricane">{{Cite news|title=Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation|work=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2018|first=Matt|last=Apuzzo|author-link=Matt Apuzzo|first2=Adam|last2=Goldman|author-link2=Adam Goldman|first3=Nicholas|last3=Fandos|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html|access-date=August 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601134038/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html|archive-date=June 1, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="eightdays">{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/06/politics/rosenstein-comey-firing-obstruction-probe/index.html?utm_source=twCNNp&utm_medium=social&utm_content=2018-12-07T01%3A05%3A23&utm_term=image|title=The frantic scramble before Mueller got the job|last=Brown|first=Pamela|last2=Herb|first2=Jeremy|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref>
+'''Penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus''' yang berlangsung pada 2017 hingga 2019 (disebut juga sebagai '''penyelidikan Mueller''', '''laporan Mueller''', '''investigasi Mueller''', dan '''investigasi Rusia''') <ref name="Mueller Probe">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mueller-grand-juries-work-mueller-investigation-government-shutdown-2019-1|title=Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation|last=Panetta|first=Grace|website=Business Insider|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124203414/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-mueller-grand-juries-work-mueller-investigation-government-shutdown-2019-1|archive-date=January 24, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/russia-investigation/|title=Is The Russia Investigation Really Another Watergate?|last=Wolfe|first=Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia|date=March 7, 2019|website=FiveThirtyEight|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> adalah penyelidikan penegakan hukum dan [[Kontra-intelijen|kontra intelijen]] Amerika Serikat atas upaya pemerintah Rusia untuk ikut campur dalam [[Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016|pemilihan presiden AS 2016]] . Menurut dokumen otorisasi yang ditandatangani oleh Wakil Jaksa Agung Rod Rosenstein pada 17 Mei 2017, ruang lingkup penyelidikan termasuk di antaranya tuduhan bahwa ada hubungan atau koordinasi antara kampanye kepresidenan [[Donald Trump]] dan [[pemerintah Rusia]] <ref name="Mazzetti_Benner_3/24/2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/24/us/politics/mueller-report-summary.html|title=Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|last2=Benner|first2=Katie|date=March 24, 2019|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/435532-trump-jr-calls-for-media-to-be-held-accountable-after-mueller-findings|title=Trump Jr.: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report|last=Budryk|first=Zack|date=March 24, 2019|work=The Hill|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref> serta "segala hal yang muncul atau mungkin timbul langsung dari penyelidikan". Ruang lingkup investigasi juga termasuk potensi adanya perbuatan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan (''obstruction of justice'') oleh Trump dan orang-orang lainnya. <ref name="Mueller Weighs">{{Cite news|title=Mueller Weighs Putting Off Trump Obstruction Decision|first=Chris|last=Strohm|first2=Shannon|last2=Pettypiece|date=March 12, 2018|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-12/mueller-is-said-to-weigh-putting-off-trump-obstruction-decision|access-date=March 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201607/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-12/mueller-is-said-to-weigh-putting-off-trump-obstruction-decision|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Dilakukan oleh Kantor [[Jaksa khusus|Penasihat Khusus]] [[Departemen Kehakiman Amerika Serikat|Departemen Kehakiman yang]] dipimpin oleh [[Robert Mueller]], yang merupakan seorang [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|dari Partai Republik AS]] dan mantan [[Direktur Biro Investigasi Federal|Direktur]] [[Biro Investigasi Federal]] (FBI), penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus dimulai delapan hari setelah Presiden Trump memberhentikan direktur FBI [[James Comey]], yang memimpin investigasi FBI yang ada sejak Juli 2016 ke dalam hubungan antara rekanan Trump dan pejabat Rusia. Setelah pemecatan Comey, lebih dari 130 anggota parlemen Demokrat di Kongres menyerukan penunjukan penasihat khusus, sementara FBI mulai menyelidiki Trump atas tuduhan menghalang-halangi proses pengadilan. Kantor jaksa khusus ini mengambil alih kedua investigasi FBI yang berlangsung sebelumnya. <ref name="Crossfire Hurricane">{{Cite news|title=Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation|work=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2018|first=Matt|last=Apuzzo|author-link=Matt Apuzzo|first2=Adam|last2=Goldman|author-link2=Adam Goldman|first3=Nicholas|last3=Fandos|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html|access-date=August 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601134038/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html|archive-date=June 1, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="eightdays">{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/06/politics/rosenstein-comey-firing-obstruction-probe/index.html?utm_source=twCNNp&utm_medium=social&utm_content=2018-12-07T01%3A05%3A23&utm_term=image|title=The frantic scramble before Mueller got the job|last=Brown|first=Pamela|last2=Herb|first2=Jeremy|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=March 25, 2019}}</ref>
-Investigasi tersebut menghasilkan puluhan dakwaan untuk kejahatan federal dan setidaknya delapan pengakuan atau vonis bersalah. Pada Agustus 2018, mantan ketua komite kampanye Trump, Paul Manafort dinyatakan bersalah atas delapan tuduhan kejahatan finansial di Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Timur Virginia <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 21, 2018|last=LaFraniere|first=Sharon|title=Paul Manafort Convicted in Fraud Trial|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/us/politics/paul-manafort-trial-verdict.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904201228/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/us/politics/paul-manafort-trial-verdict.html|archive-date=September 4, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan sebulan kemudian mengaku bersalah atas konspirasi untuk menipu Amerika Serikat dan menghalangi proses pengadilan, dalam tawaran pembelaan untuk bekerja sama sepenuhnya dengan jaksa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 14, 2018|last=Maza|first=Christina|title=Trump-Russia investigation: Paul Manafort guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman|work=[[Newsweek]]|url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-russia-investigation-paul-manafort-guilty-plea-reveals-details-foreign-1121881|access-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014193211/https://www.newsweek.com/trump-russia-investigation-paul-manafort-guilty-plea-reveals-details-foreign-1121881|archive-date=October 14, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 14, 2018|last=Polantz|first=Katelyn|title=Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/14/politics/paul-manafort-guilty-plea/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929085250/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/14/politics/paul-manafort-guilty-plea/index.html|archive-date=September 29, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Investigasi juga menyebabkan mantan Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Trump, [[Michael T. Flynn|Michael Flynn]] mengaku bersalah membuat pernyataan palsu kepada FBI seputar diskusi mengenai sanksi dengan duta besar Rusia selama masa kampanye Trump, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Dilanian|first=Ken|title=Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/official-flynn-discussed-sanctions-russians-taking-office-n719271|access-date=28 March 2019|work=NBC News|date=February 10, 2017|language=en}}</ref> dan kemudian diwajibkan menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama dalam penyelidikan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/michael-flynn-guilty-russia-investigation.html|title=Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=December 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 14, 2017|last2=Goldman|first2=Adam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214081210/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/michael-flynn-guilty-russia-investigation.html|archive-date=December 14, 2017|dead-url=no}}</ref> Mueller selanjutnya mendapatkan pengakuan bersalah dari mitra bisnis Manafort Rick Gates , pengacara Belanda Alex van der Zwaan, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/20/politics/robert-mueller-rick-gates/index.html|title=Mueller charges lawyer with lying about interaction with Rick Gates|last=Polantz|first=Katelyn|last2=Cohen|first2=Marshall|date=February 20, 2018|publisher=CNN|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145036/https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/20/politics/robert-mueller-rick-gates/index.html|archive-date=June 12, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> mantan penasihat kampanye Trump George Papadopoulos, pelobi W. Samuel Patten <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lobbyist Pleads Guilty to Steering Foreign Funds to Trump Inaugural|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/us/politics/patten-fara-manafort.html|date=August 31, 2018|access-date=August 31, 2018|last=Kenneth P. Vogel|author-link=Kenneth Vogel|last2=LaFraniere|first2=Sharon|author-link2=Sharon LaFraniere|last3=Goldman|first3=Adam|author-link3=Adam Goldman|first4=Eileen|last4=Sullivan|author-link4=Eileen Sullivan|first5=Nicholas|last5=Confessore|author-link5=Nicholas Confessore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831175608/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/us/politics/patten-fara-manafort.html|archive-date=August 31, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan Richard Pinedo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/richard-pinedo-russia-bank-accounts-guilty-plea-mueller.html|title=Russians Bought Bank Accounts From California Man, Mueller Says|last=Fandos|first=Nicholas|date=February 16, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216234333/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/richard-pinedo-russia-bank-accounts-guilty-plea-mueller.html|archive-date=February 16, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kecuali Van der Zwaan, semua telah menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama untuk simpatisan. Pada bulan Februari 2018, Mueller mendakwa 13 warga negara Rusia dan tiga entitas Rusia, terutama Internet Research Agency <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/russians-indicted-mueller-election-interference.html|title=13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign|last=Apuzzo|first=Matt|date=February 16, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2018|last2=LaFraniere|first2=Sharon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217021452/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/russians-indicted-mueller-election-interference.html|archive-date=February 17, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan pada Juni 2018 menambahkan dakwaan terhadap Konstantin Kilimnik, mitra bisnis Manafort, <ref>{{Cite news|first=Kenneth P.|last=Vogel|title=Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man|date=June 8, 2018|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/us/politics/manafort-obstruction-kilimnik-charges.html|access-date=June 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201954/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/us/politics/manafort-obstruction-kilimnik-charges.html|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang di mana ia telah memberikan data internal seputar survei kampanye. <ref>{{Cite news|last=LaFraniere|first=Sharon|last2=Vogel|first2=Kenneth P.|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie|title=Manafort Accused of Sharing Trump Polling Data With Russian Associate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/08/us/politics/manafort-trump-campaign-data-kilimnik.html|access-date=28 March 2019|work=The New York Times|date=8 January 2019}}</ref> Pada Juli 2018, 12 anggota kelompok spionase dunia maya Rusia [[Direktorat Intelijen Utama|GRU]] yang dikenal sebagai Fancy Bear, yang bertanggung jawab atas peretasan email DNC 2016, turut didakwa. <ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|title=U.S. Indicts 12 Russian Agents in 2016 Election Hacking|first=Mark|last=Mazzetti|first2=Katie|last2=Benner|work=The New York Times|date=July 13, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/13/us/politics/mueller-indictment-russian-intelligence-hacking.html|access-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201625/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/13/us/politics/mueller-indictment-russian-intelligence-hacking.html|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Investigasi yang mengarah ke pengacara pribadi Trump Michael Cohen juga dirujuk ke kantor Kejaksaan [[Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Selatan New York|Distrik Selatan New York]]. <ref name="NYTimesCohenRaid">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/fbi-raids-office-of-trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen.html|title=F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen|last=Apuzzo|first=Matt|date=April 9, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 9, 2018|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409201609/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/fbi-raids-office-of-trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen.html|archive-date=April 9, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penasihat Trump selama puluhan tahun, Roger Stone juga didakwa atas tujuh dakwaan pada Januari 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html|title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|authorlink=Mark Mazzetti|last2=Sullivan|first2=Eileen|authorlink2=Eileen Sullivan|date=January 25, 2019|website=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129024211/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html|archive-date=January 29, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 29, 2019|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie|authorlink3=Maggie Haberman}}</ref>
+Investigasi tersebut menghasilkan puluhan dakwaan untuk kejahatan federal dan setidaknya delapan pengakuan atau vonis bersalah. Pada Agustus 2018, mantan ketua komite kampanye Trump, [[Paul Manafort]] dinyatakan bersalah atas delapan tuduhan kejahatan finansial di Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Timur Virginia <ref>{{Cite news|date=August 21, 2018|last=LaFraniere|first=Sharon|title=Paul Manafort Convicted in Fraud Trial|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/us/politics/paul-manafort-trial-verdict.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904201228/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/21/us/politics/paul-manafort-trial-verdict.html|archive-date=September 4, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan sebulan kemudian mengaku bersalah atas konspirasi untuk menipu Amerika Serikat dan menghalangi proses pengadilan, dalam tawaran pembelaan untuk bekerja sama sepenuhnya dengan jaksa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 14, 2018|last=Maza|first=Christina|title=Trump-Russia investigation: Paul Manafort guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman|work=[[Newsweek]]|url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-russia-investigation-paul-manafort-guilty-plea-reveals-details-foreign-1121881|access-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014193211/https://www.newsweek.com/trump-russia-investigation-paul-manafort-guilty-plea-reveals-details-foreign-1121881|archive-date=October 14, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=September 14, 2018|last=Polantz|first=Katelyn|title=Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/14/politics/paul-manafort-guilty-plea/index.html|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929085250/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/09/14/politics/paul-manafort-guilty-plea/index.html|archive-date=September 29, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Investigasi juga menyebabkan mantan Penasihat Keamanan Nasional Trump, [[Michael T. Flynn|Michael Flynn]] mengaku bersalah membuat pernyataan palsu kepada FBI seputar diskusi mengenai sanksi dengan duta besar Rusia selama masa kampanye Trump, <ref>{{Cite news|last=Dilanian|first=Ken|title=Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/official-flynn-discussed-sanctions-russians-taking-office-n719271|access-date=28 March 2019|work=NBC News|date=February 10, 2017|language=en}}</ref> dan kemudian diwajibkan menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama dalam penyelidikan. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/michael-flynn-guilty-russia-investigation.html|title=Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=December 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 14, 2017|last2=Goldman|first2=Adam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214081210/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/michael-flynn-guilty-russia-investigation.html|archive-date=December 14, 2017|dead-url=no}}</ref> Mueller selanjutnya mendapatkan pengakuan bersalah dari mitra bisnis Manafort [[Rick Gates]], pengacara Belanda [[Alex van der Zwaan]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/20/politics/robert-mueller-rick-gates/index.html|title=Mueller charges lawyer with lying about interaction with Rick Gates|last=Polantz|first=Katelyn|last2=Cohen|first2=Marshall|date=February 20, 2018|publisher=CNN|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145036/https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/20/politics/robert-mueller-rick-gates/index.html|archive-date=June 12, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> mantan penasihat kampanye Trump [[George Papadopoulos]], pelobi [[W. Samuel Patten]] <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lobbyist Pleads Guilty to Steering Foreign Funds to Trump Inaugural|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/us/politics/patten-fara-manafort.html|date=August 31, 2018|access-date=August 31, 2018|last=Kenneth P. Vogel|author-link=Kenneth Vogel|last2=LaFraniere|first2=Sharon|author-link2=Sharon LaFraniere|last3=Goldman|first3=Adam|author-link3=Adam Goldman|first4=Eileen|last4=Sullivan|author-link4=Eileen Sullivan|first5=Nicholas|last5=Confessore|author-link5=Nicholas Confessore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831175608/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/us/politics/patten-fara-manafort.html|archive-date=August 31, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan Richard Pinedo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/richard-pinedo-russia-bank-accounts-guilty-plea-mueller.html|title=Russians Bought Bank Accounts From California Man, Mueller Says|last=Fandos|first=Nicholas|date=February 16, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216234333/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/richard-pinedo-russia-bank-accounts-guilty-plea-mueller.html|archive-date=February 16, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Kecuali Van der Zwaan, semua telah menjadi saksi yang bekerja sama untuk simpatisan. Pada bulan Februari 2018, Mueller mendakwa 13 warga negara Rusia dan tiga entitas Rusia, terutama Internet Research Agency <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/russians-indicted-mueller-election-interference.html|title=13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign|last=Apuzzo|first=Matt|date=February 16, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2018|last2=LaFraniere|first2=Sharon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217021452/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/us/politics/russians-indicted-mueller-election-interference.html|archive-date=February 17, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> dan pada Juni 2018 menambahkan dakwaan terhadap Konstantin Kilimnik, mitra bisnis Manafort, <ref>{{Cite news|first=Kenneth P.|last=Vogel|title=Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man|date=June 8, 2018|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/us/politics/manafort-obstruction-kilimnik-charges.html|access-date=June 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201954/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/08/us/politics/manafort-obstruction-kilimnik-charges.html|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> yang di mana ia telah memberikan data internal seputar survei kampanye. <ref>{{Cite news|last=LaFraniere|first=Sharon|last2=Vogel|first2=Kenneth P.|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie|title=Manafort Accused of Sharing Trump Polling Data With Russian Associate|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/08/us/politics/manafort-trump-campaign-data-kilimnik.html|access-date=28 March 2019|work=The New York Times|date=8 January 2019}}</ref> Pada Juli 2018, 12 anggota kelompok spionase dunia maya Rusia [[Direktorat Intelijen Utama|GRU]] yang dikenal sebagai Fancy Bear, yang bertanggung jawab atas peretasan email DNC 2016, turut didakwa. <ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|title=U.S. Indicts 12 Russian Agents in 2016 Election Hacking|first=Mark|last=Mazzetti|first2=Katie|last2=Benner|work=The New York Times|date=July 13, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/13/us/politics/mueller-indictment-russian-intelligence-hacking.html|access-date=July 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905201625/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/13/us/politics/mueller-indictment-russian-intelligence-hacking.html|archive-date=September 5, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Investigasi yang mengarah ke pengacara pribadi Trump [[Michael Cohen]] juga dirujuk ke kantor Kejaksaan [[Pengadilan Distrik Amerika Serikat untuk Distrik Selatan New York|Distrik Selatan New York]]. <ref name="NYTimesCohenRaid">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/fbi-raids-office-of-trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen.html|title=F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen|last=Apuzzo|first=Matt|date=April 9, 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 9, 2018|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409201609/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/fbi-raids-office-of-trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen.html|archive-date=April 9, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> Penasihat Trump selama puluhan tahun, [[Roger Stone]] juga didakwa atas tujuh dakwaan pada Januari 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html|title=Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks|last=Mazzetti|first=Mark|authorlink=Mark Mazzetti|last2=Sullivan|first2=Eileen|authorlink2=Eileen Sullivan|date=January 25, 2019|website=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129024211/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html|archive-date=January 29, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=January 29, 2019|last3=Haberman|first3=Maggie|authorlink3=Maggie Haberman}}</ref>
 Awalnya menerima dukungan bipartisan, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/mueller-pick-achieves-a-rare-bipartisan-consensus/527133/|title=Mueller Pick Meets a Rare Bipartisan Consensus|last=Berman|first=Russell|date=May 17, 2017|website=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/robert-mueller-appointment-to-lead-russia-probe-wins-bipartisan-praise|title=Robert Mueller appointment to lead Russia probe wins bipartisan praise|date=May 17, 2017|website=Fox News}}</ref> penyelidikan Penasihat Khusus kemudian kerap dikritik oleh Trump dan para pendukungnya. Trump telah mengkritik orang atau kelompok yang terkait dengan penyelidikan lebih dari 1.000 kali. <ref name="nytimes1100">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/19/us/politics/trump-attacks-obstruction-investigation.html|title=Trump Has Publicly Attacked the Russia Investigation More Than 1,100 Times|last=Buchanan|first=Larry|last2=Yourish|first2=Karen|date=February 19, 2019|publisher=|last3=Lai|first3=Rebecca|last4=Quealy|first4=Kevin}}</ref> Pada 30 Januari 2019, dokumen pengadilan FBI mengungkapkan bahwa seseorang yang berlokasi di Rusia juga berusaha mendiskreditkan penyelidikan Jaksa Khusus melalui Twitter. <ref name="ruhroh">{{Cite news|first=Katelyn|last=Polantz|title=Pro-Russian Twitter account used non-public material from Mueller's team in effort to discredit Russia probe|publisher=CNN|date=January 30, 2019|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/30/politics/special-counsel-russia-documents/|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131020248/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/30/politics/special-counsel-russia-documents/|archive-date=January 31, 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref name="jinkies">{{Cite news|first=Robert|last=Mueller|title=Government's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Approval to Disclose Discovery Pursuant to Protective Order|publisher=United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Crim. No. 18-CR-32-2 (DLF)|date=January 30, 2019|url=http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/01/30/2019-1-30concord.2.pdf|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130211154/http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/01/30/2019-1-30concord.2.pdf|archive-date=January 30, 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> Orang-orang Rusia juga mengirim dokumen palsu ke wartawan. <ref name="zoinks">{{Cite news|first=Ben|last=Collins|title=Its some galaxy brain stuff they wanted us to believe How Russias effort to sabotage Muellers investigation backfired|publisher=NBC News|date=January 30, 2019|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/it-s-some-galaxy-brain-stuff-they-wanted-us-believe-n964961|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131052346/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/it-s-some-galaxy-brain-stuff-they-wanted-us-believe-n964961|archive-date=January 31, 2019|dead-url=no}}</ref> Beberapa dugaan penyalahgunaan yang dilakukan penyelidik sempat mencuat dan segera dibantah. <ref name="misconductdebunk"> Berbagai sumber: </ref> Trump dan pendukungnya juga mengkritik biaya penyelidikan. Sampai Desember 2018, investigasi menelan biaya sekitar AS$ 25 juta sementara memperoleh sekitar AS$ 48 juta melalui penyitaan aset. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=December 14, 2018|first=Emily|last=Gillespie|url=http://fortune.com/2018/12/14/mueller-investigation-cost-tax-cheats/|title=Mueller Investigation Cost $25 Million So Far, Report Says. It's Pulled in Nearly $48 Million from Tax Cheats|access-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216042210/http://fortune.com/2018/12/14/mueller-investigation-cost-tax-cheats/|archive-date=December 16, 2018|dead-url=no}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/17/mueller-probe-could-turn-a-profit-thanks-to-manafort-assets.html|title=Special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation could turn a profit for the government, thanks to Paul Manafort's asset forfeiture|last=Higgins|first=Tucker|last2=Malter|first2=Jordan|date=September 17, 2018|publisher=[[CNBC]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134315/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/17/mueller-probe-could-turn-a-profit-thanks-to-manafort-assets.html|archive-date=December 19, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=December 18, 2018}}</ref>
-Kantor Jaksa Khusus telah menyelesaikan penyelidikannya dan menyerahkan laporan akhir kepada [[Jaksa Agung Amerika Serikat|Jaksa Agung]] William Barr pada 22 Maret 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html|title=MUELLER PROBE ENDS: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=March 22, 2019|publisher=CNBC|access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> Barr, yang dicalonkan Trump, telah menjadi Jaksa Agung pada 14 Februari 2019, mendapatkan pengawasan atas investigasi dari Plt. Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang ditunjuk Trump, Matthew Whitaker, yang telah mengambil sendiri pengawasan dari Wakil Jaksa Agung Rod Rosenstein pada 7 November 2018, disertai dengan pengunduran diri Jaksa Agung [[Jeff Sessions]] (yang telah menarik diri dari penyelidikan). Barr dan Whitaker sama-sama pernah mengkritik investigasi Mueller sebelum mereka menjabat.
+Kantor Jaksa Khusus telah menyelesaikan penyelidikannya dan menyerahkan laporan akhir kepada [[Jaksa Agung Amerika Serikat|Jaksa Agung]] [[William Barr]] pada 22 Maret 2019. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html|title=MUELLER PROBE ENDS: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=March 22, 2019|publisher=CNBC|access-date=March 22, 2019}}</ref> Barr, yang dicalonkan Trump, telah menjadi Jaksa Agung pada 14 Februari 2019, mendapatkan pengawasan atas investigasi dari Plt. Jaksa Penuntut Umum yang ditunjuk Trump, [[Matthew Whitaker]], yang telah mengambil sendiri pengawasan dari Wakil Jaksa Agung [[Rod Rosenstein]] pada 7 November 2018, disertai dengan pengunduran diri Jaksa Agung [[Jeff Sessions]] (yang telah menarik diri dari penyelidikan). Barr dan Whitaker sama-sama pernah mengkritik investigasi Mueller sebelum mereka menjabat.
 Pada 24 Maret, Jaksa Agung Barr mengirim surat sepanjang empat halaman kepada Kongres AS mengenai temuan penasihat khusus mengenai campur tangan Rusia dan menghalangi penyelidikan. <ref>{{Citation|last=Barr|first=William|title=English: The Attorney General|date=March 24, 2019|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AG_March_24_2019_Letter_to_House_and_Senate_Judiciary_Committees.pdf|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Barr mengatakan bahwa mengenai masalah campur tangan Rusia dalam pemilihan, Mueller merinci dua cara di mana Rusia berusaha untuk mempengaruhi pemilihan presiden AS dengan mendukung Trump, tetapi "tidak menetapkan bahwa anggota Kampanye Trump berkonspirasi atau berkoordinasi dengan pemerintah Rusia dalam kegiatan mengganggu pemilihan umum. " <ref name="Herb">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/24/politics/mueller-report-release/index.html|title=Mueller did not find Trump or his campaign conspired with Russia, also did not exonerate him on obstruction|last=Herb|first=Jeremy|last2=Jarrett|first2=Laura|last3=Polantz|first3=Katelyn|date=March 24, 2019|publisher=CNN|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/03/24/us/politics/barr-letter-mueller-report.html|title=Read Attorney General William Barr’s Summary of the Mueller Report|work=The New York Times|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="USATodaymarch24">{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/24/mueller-report-conclusions-donald-trump-russia-investigation-barr-deliver-congress/3256025002/|title=Mueller Report: Investigation finds no evidence of Russia conspiracy, leaves obstruction question open|work=USA Today|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|last=Barr|first=William|title=English: The Attorney General|date=March 24, 2019|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AG_March_24_2019_Letter_to_House_and_Senate_Judiciary_Committees.pdf|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Mengenai tuduhan menghalang-halangi penyelidikan, Barr mengatakan tidak ada kesimpulan yang dicapai oleh penasihat khusus, mencatat bahwa Mueller menulis "sementara laporan ini tidak menyimpulkan bahwa Presiden melakukan tindakan kriminal, [laporan] ini juga tidak membebaskannya [dari tuduhan tersebut]." <ref name="Herb" /> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mueller Report Live Updates: No Trump-Russia Conspiracy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/24/us/politics/mueller-report-live-updates.html?partner=applenews&ad-keywords=APPLEMOBILE®ion=written_through&asset_id=100000006425832|access-date=March 24, 2019|work=The New York Times|date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> Berdasarkan kebijakan Departemen Kehakiman, kemungkinan kasus tersebut dikirim ke jaksa agung dan wakil jaksa agung untuk ditinjau; Barr dan Rosenstein sama-sama menyimpulkan bahwa kasus tersebut tidak dapat dibuktikan di pengadilan. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.axios.com/mueller-report-bill-barr-investigation-congress-d106072d-0120-4b6b-8cef-cbd6915a0f60.html|title=Mueller investigation finds no Trump campaign conspiracy with Russia|first=Zachary|last=Basu|date=March 24, 2019|access-date=March 24, 2019}}</ref> <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/24/us/politics/mueller-trump-obstruction-of-justice.html|title=Barr Goes Beyond Mueller in Clearing Trump on Obstruction, Drawing Scrutiny|last=Schmidt|first=Michael S.|last2=Savage|first2=Charlie|date=March 24, 2019|website=NYTimes.com}}</ref> <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-24/mueller-leaves-obstruction-question-to-barr-who-clears-trump|title=Mueller Leaves Obstruction Question to Barr, Who Clears Trump|last=Farrell|first=Greg|date=March 24, 2019|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref>
 [[Berkas:Director_Robert_S._Mueller-_III.jpg|jmpl| [[Robert Mueller]] yang ditunjuk pada Mei 2017 sebagai jaksa khusus. ]]
+== Referensi ==
-[[Kategori:Halaman dengan terjemahan tak tertinjau]]
+{{reflist}}
+{{nocat}}