Kerajaan Hungaria (1920–1946): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan aplikasi seluler |
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| Baris 58: | Baris 58: | ||
|house2 = [[Diet Hongaria|Képviselőház]] |
|house2 = [[Diet Hongaria|Képviselőház]] |
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|type_house2 = Representatif |
|type_house2 = Representatif |
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|footnotes = |
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}} |
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{{about|the Kingdom of Hungary between 1920 to 1946|the general article|Kingdom of Hungary}} |
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{{Infobox former country |
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|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Hungary |
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|native_name = ''Magyar Királyság'' |
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|common_name = Hungary |
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|continent = Europe |
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|region = Central Europe |
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|country = Hungary |
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|status = |
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|p1 = Hungarian Republic (1919–20) |
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|flag_p1 = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg |
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|p2 = Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) |
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|flag_p2 = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg |
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|p3 = Carpatho-Ukraine |
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|flag_p3 = Flag of Ukraine.svg |
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|p4 = Slovak Republic (1939–45) |
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|flag_p4 = Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg |
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|p5 = Kingdom of Romania |
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|flag_p5 = Flag of Romania.svg |
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|p6 = Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
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|flag_p6 = Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg |
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|s1 = Republic of Hungary (1946–1949) |
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|flag_s1 = Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg |
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|s2 = Czechoslovak Republic (1945–48) |
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|flag_s2 = Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg |
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|s3 = Kingdom of Romania |
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|flag_s3 = Flag of Romania.svg |
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|s4 = Democratic Federal Yugoslavia |
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|flag_s4 = Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.svg |
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|image_flag = Flag of Hungary 1940.svg |
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|image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946; angels).svg |
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|coa_size = 110px |
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|national_motto = "Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae"<ref>Adeleye, Gabriel G. (1999). ''World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions''. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewicz and James T. McDonough, Jr. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-86516-422-3.</ref> <small>([[Latin]])<br/>"Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary"</small> |
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|national_anthem = ''[[Himnusz]]''<br/><small>Hymn</small><br/><center>[[File:Erkel Ferenc Magyar Himnusz.ogg]]</center> |
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|image_map = Kingdom of Hungary (1942).svg |
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|image_map_caption = Extent of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1942. |
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|capital = Budapest |
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|latd=47 |latm=28 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=03 |longEW=E |
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|common_languages = [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (official) {{·}}[[German language|German]]{{·}}[[Romanian language|Romanian]]{{·}}[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]{{·}}[[Slovak language|Slovak]]{{·}}[[Croatian language|Croatian]]{{·}}[[Serbian language|Serbian]]{{·}}[[Slovene language|Slovene]]{{·}}[[Carpathian Romani]]{{·}}[[Yiddish dialects|Mideastern Yiddish]] |
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|religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]{{·}}[[Calvinism]]{{·}}[[Lutheranism]]{{·}}[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]{{·}}[[Eastern Catholicism]]{{·}}[[Unitarianism]]{{·}}[[Judaism]] |
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|government_type = [[Authoritarianism|Authoritarian]] [[regency]]<br/><small>(1920–1944)</small><br/>[[Agrarianism|Agrarian]] [[Fascism|fascist]] [[one-party state]]<br/><small>(1944–1945)</small> |
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|title_leader = [[King of Hungary|King]] |
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|leader1 = ''Vacant'' <sup>a</sup> |
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|year_leader1 = 1920–1946 |
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|title_representative = [[Heads of State of Hungary|Head of State]] |
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|representative1 = [[Miklós Horthy]]<sup>b</sup> |
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|year_representative1 = 1920–1944 |
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|representative2 = [[Ferenc Szálasi]]<sup>c</sup> |
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|year_representative2 = 1944–1945 |
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|representative3 = [[High National Council]]<sup>d</sup> |
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|year_representative3 = 1945–1946 |
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|title_deputy = [[List of Prime Ministers of Hungary|Prime Minister]] |
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|deputy1 = Károly Huszár |
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|year_deputy1 = 1920 <small>(first)</small> |
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|deputy2 = Zoltán Tildy |
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|year_deputy2 = 1945–1946 <small>(last)</small> |
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|legislature = [[Diet of Hungary|Diet]] |
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|house1 = [[Diet of Hungary|Felsőház]] |
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|type_house1 = Upper |
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|house2 = [[Diet of Hungary|Képviselőház]] |
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|type_house2 = Representatives |
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|era = [[Interwar period|Interwar]]{{·}}[[World War II]] |
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|event_start = Monarchy restored |
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|date_start = 29 February<ref>{{cite book |editor-first= Gyula|editor-last= Dr. Térfy|title= Magyar törvénytár (Corpus Juris Hungarici): 1920. évi törvénycikkek|year= 1921|publisher= Révai Testvérek Irodalmi Intézet Részvénytársaság|chapter=1920. évi I. törvénycikk az alkotmányosság helyreállításáról és az állami főhatalom gyakorlásának ideiglenes rendezéséről.|location= Budapest|language= Hungarian|isbn= |page= 3}}</ref> |
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|year_start = 1920 |
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|event_end = Monarchy abolished |
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|date_end = 1 February |
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|year_end = 1946 |
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|event1 = [[Treaty of Trianon]] |
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|date_event1 = 4 June 1920 |
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|event2 = [[First Vienna Award]] |
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|date_event2 = 2 November 1938 |
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|event3 = [[Second Vienna Award]] |
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|date_event3 = 30 August 1940 |
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|event4 = [[Government of National Unity (Hungary)|Hungarist take-over]] |
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|date_event4 = 16 October 1944 |
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|stat_year1 = 1920<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Kollega Tarsoly, István |encyclopedia=Révai nagy lexikona |title=Magyarország |language=Hungarian |year=1995 |publisher=Hasonmás Kiadó |volume=Volume 20 |location=Budapest |isbn=963-8318-70-8 |pages=595–597}}</ref> |
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|stat_area1 = 92833 |
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|stat_pop1 = 7980143 |
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|stat_year2 = 1930<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Kollega Tarsoly, István |encyclopedia=Révai nagy lexikona |title=Magyarország |language=Hungarian |year=1996 |publisher=Hasonmás Kiadó |volume=Volume 21 |location=Budapest |isbn=963-9015-02-4 |page=572}}</ref> |
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|stat_area2 = 93073 |
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|stat_pop2 = 8688319 |
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|stat_year3 = 1941<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor= Élesztős László|encyclopedia=Révai új lexikona |title=Magyarország |language=Hungarian |year=2004 |publisher=Hasonmás Kiadó |volume=Volume 13 |location=Budapest |isbn=963-9556-13-0 |pages=882, 895|display-editors=etal}}</ref> |
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|stat_area3 = 172149 |
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|stat_pop3 = 14669100 |
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|currency = [[Hungarian korona]] <small>(1920–1927)</small><br/>[[Hungarian pengő]] <small>(1927–1946)</small> |
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|today = {{flagcountry|Croatia}}<br/>{{flagcountry|Hungary}}<br/>{{flagcountry|Romania}}<br>{{flagcountry|Serbia}}<br/>{{flagcountry|Slovakia}}<br/>{{flagcountry|Slovenia}}<br/>{{flagcountry|Ukraine}} |
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|footnote_a = Claimed by former King [[Charles IV of Hungary]] in 1921. |
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|footnote_b = Miklós Horthy used the title "[[Regent of Hungary|Regent]]". |
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|footnote_c = Ferenc Szálasi used the title "[[Nation Leader]]". |
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|footnote_d = Ruled as a collective head of state. |
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}} |
}} |
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Revisi per 3 Januari 2016 13.50
Kerajaan Hongaria Magyar Királyság | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920–1946 | |||||||
.svg) Bendera negara
| |||||||
Semboyan: "Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae" [butuh rujukan] | |||||||
.svg) Peta Kerajaan Hongaria tahun 1942 | |||||||
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| Ibu kota | Budapest | ||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Hongaria | ||||||
| Agama | Katolik Roma, Calvinisme, Lutheranisme, Orthodox Timur, Unitarianisme, Yahudi | ||||||
| Pemerintahan | Regency | ||||||
| Raja | |||||||
• 1920–1946 | Jabatan lowong | ||||||
| Kepala Negara | |||||||
• 1920–1944 | Miklós Horthy | ||||||
• 1944–1945 | Ferenc Szálasi | ||||||
• 1945–1946 | Majelis Tinggi Nasional | ||||||
| Perdana Menteri | |||||||
• 1920 | Sándor Simonyi-Semadam | ||||||
• 1945–1946 | Zoltán Tildy | ||||||
| Legislatif | Diet | ||||||
- Upper | Felsőház | ||||||
- Representatif | Képviselőház | ||||||
| Era Sejarah | Periode antar perang | ||||||
• Didirikan | 1 Maret 1920 | ||||||
• Perjanjian Trianon | 15 Oktober 1944 | ||||||
• Penghapusan monarki | 1 Februari 1946 | ||||||
| Mata uang | Korona Hongaria (1920-1927) Pengő Hongaria (1927-1946) | ||||||
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.svg)
Kerajaan Hungaria (Bahasa Hungaria: Magyar Királyság), dikenal juga sebagai Regency, yang muncul di peta Eropa pada 1920 sampai 1946 sebagai negara de facto dibawah naungan Admiral Miklós Horthy. Horthy officially represented the Hungarian monarchy of Charles IV, Apostolic King of Hungary. Attempts by Charles IV to return to the throne were prevented by threats of war from neighbouring countries and by the lack of support from Horthy (see the conflict of Charles IV with Miklós Horthy).
The country has been regarded by some historians to have been a client state of Germany from 1938 to 1944.[1] The Kingdom of Hungary under Horthy was an Axis Power during most of World War II. In 1944, after Horthy's government considered leaving the war, Hungary was occupied by Nazi Germany and Horthy was deposed. The Arrow Cross Party's leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new Nazi-backed government, effectively turning Hungary into a German puppet state.
After World War II, Hungary fell within the Soviet Union's sphere of interest. In 1946, the Second Hungarian Republic was established under Soviet influence. In 1949, the communist Hungarian People's Republic was founded.
 | Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |
- ^ Seamus Dunn, T.G. Fraser. Europe and Ethnicity: The First World War and Contemporary Ethnic Conflict. Routledge, 1996. P97.