Hum-hum
| Hum-hum
| |
|---|---|
| Littorinidae | |
| Taksonomi | |
| Kerajaan | Animalia |
| Filum | Mollusca |
| Kelas | Gastropoda |
| Ordo | Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamili | Littorinoidea |
| Famili | Littorinidae Children, 1834 |
| Diversitas | |
Two freshwater species and numerous marine species. | |
| Subfamilies | |
| |
Littorinidae adalah keluarga taksonomi lebih dari 200 spesies siput laut, moluska gastropoda laut dalam klade Littorinimorpha, umumnya dikenal sebagai hum-hum (bahasa Inggris : Periwinkle) dan ditemukan di seluruh dunia.[3]
Taksonomi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[4]
- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[5]
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina – five species
- Afrolittorina – four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus[6]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Bembicium Filipi, 1846
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869 [7] – siput air tawar yang hidup di air terjun.
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 – sinonim: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamili ?
- Algamorda Dall, 1918
- Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
- Rissolitorina Merenungkan, 1966
- Sinonim
- Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: sinonim dari Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 direpresentasikan sebagai Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
- Haloconcha Dall, 1886 adalah sinonim untuk Lacunaria Dall, 1885
- Macquariella Finlay, 1926: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
- Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaStrong 2008 - ^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (2010-07-15). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Texas A&M University Press. hlm. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4.
- ^ a b Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
- ^ (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[pranala nonaktif]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 October 2012.
- ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.