Baijini
Baijini adalah sebuah ras suku bangsa, mitos atau sejarah yang tidak diketahui dan disebutkan dalam serangkaian lagu Djanggawul dari suku aborigin Yolngu di Tanah Arnhem, Teritorial Utara, Australia. Mitos tersebut membuat mereka menjadi bagian dari debat soal zaman pra-Eropa di benua Australia, seperti penemuan koin Kesultanan Kilwa abad pertengahan di Pulau Marchinbar.[1]
Nama Baijini[sunting | sunting sumber]
Menurut satu pandangan, kata "Baijini" sendiri dikatakan berasal dari bahasa Makassar yang artinya "wanita", yang akan selaras dengan fakta bahwa mitos Baijini memiliki kaum wanita di kalangan mereka, tak seperti kaum nelayan teripang Makassar dalam sejarah.[2] Joseph Needham menyatakan bahwa Baijini berasal dari bahasa Tionghoa bái rén (白人, "orang kulit putih" (orang-orang dengan warna kulit yang lebih terang ketimbang penduduk asli Australia), běirén (北人, "orang utara"), atau bahkan běijīngrén (北京人, "orang dari Beijing").[3]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kutipan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Clausen 2013.
- ^ Swain 1993, hlm. 170.
- ^ Needham, Wang & Lu 1971, hlm. 538, note c.
Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Berndt, Ronald M.; Berndt, Catherine (1947). "Discovery of Pottery in North-Eastern Arnhem Land". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 77 (2): 133–138. JSTOR 2844477.
- Berndt, Ronald M.; Berndt, Catherine (1954). Arnhem Land: its history and its people. F. W. Cheshire. hlm. 34.
- Berndt, Ronald M. (2004) [First published 1952]. Djanggawul: An Aboriginal Religious Cult of North-Eastern Arnhem Land. Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-1-136-53864-3.
- Clausen, Lisa (14 September 2013). "Out of Africa". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- Cross, Jack (2011). Great Central State: The Foundation of the Northern Territory. Wakefield Press. ISBN 978-1-862-54877-0.
- Fitzgerald, C. P. (1953). "A Chinese Discovery of Australia?". Dalam Moore, T. Inglis. Australia Writes: An anthology. F. W. Cheshire. hlm. 75–84.
- Levathes, Louise (2014). When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-504-00736-8.
- Ma Huan (1970) [First published 1433]. Feng, Ch'eng-Chün; Mills, J. V. G., ed. Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores'. Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press.
- McIntosh, Ian S (2008). "Pre-Macassans at Dholtji? Exploring one of north-east Arnhem Land's great conundrums" (PDF). Dalam Sutton, Peter; Veth, Peter; Neale, Margo. Strangers on the Shore: Early Coastal Contact in Australia. National Museum of Australia. hlm. 165–180. ISBN 978-1-876-94488-9.
- McIntosh, Ian S. (2013). "Unbirri's pre-Macassan legacy, or how the Yolngu became black". Dalam Clark, Marshall; May, Sally K. Macassan History and Heritage: Journeys, Encounters and Influences. Australian National University. hlm. 95–106. JSTOR j.ctt3fgjzc.8.
- Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling; Lu, Gwei-djen (1971). Physics and Physical Technology: Civil Engineering and Nautics. Science and Civilisation in China. 4:3. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 07060 0.
- Swain, Tony (1993). A place for strangers: towards a history of Australian Aboriginal being. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44691-4.
- Swain, Tony (2005). "Australia". Dalam Trompf, Garry; Swain, Tony. The Religions of Oceania. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-92851-4.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names (PDF). Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.
- Worsley, Peter M. (April 1955). "Early Asian Contacts with Australia". Past & Present (7): 1–11. JSTOR 650169.
- Worsnop, Thomas (1897). The prehistoric arts, manufacturers, works, weapons, etc., of the aborigines of Australia (PDF). Adelaide: C.E. Bristow, Government Printer.