Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya

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Persatuan Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya
Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии
Bendera Novorossiya
Didirikan3 Maret 2014[1]
(sebagai Tentara Milisi Rakyat Donbass)
Formasi terkini16 September 2014[2]
Markas besarKrasnodon
Kepemimpinan
Menteri PertahananVladimir Kononov
Republik Donetsk
Oleg Bugrov
Republik Lugansk
Kekuatan personel
Personel aktif10.000 – 20.000 (Juli 2014)[3][4]
30,000 – 35,000 (Maret 2015)[5]
40,000 (Juni 2015)[6]

Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya atau yang memiliki nama resmi Persatuan Angkatan Bersenjata Novorossiya (bahasa Rusia: Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии)[2][7] adalah sebuah angkatan bersenjata milik Konfederasi Novorossiya yang di bentuk pada 16 September 2022 oleh separatis pro-Rusia di Ukraina timur.

Awalnya bernama Tentara Milisi Rakyat Donbas (bahasa Rusia: Армия народного ополчения Донбасса) yang di bentuk tepat setelah Rusia melakukan aneksasi terhadap wilayah Krimea dan juga selang beberapa hari tepat setelah dimulainya Revolusi Euromaidan pada 2014 lalu. Tentara Milisi Rakyat Donbas ini awalnya berpusat di Republik Donetsk. Namun setelah Republik Lugansk memproklamasikan kemerdekaannya, markas besar tersebut dipindahkan ke Krasnodon yang lebih dekat dengan perbatasan Lugansk dan Rusia.

Senjata ringan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pistol[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
Makarov PM[8] Pistol semi-otomatis 9×18mm Makarov  Uni Soviet Tempat peluru 8 putaran
Stechkin APS[8] Pistol mesin 9×18mm Makarov  Uni Soviet Digunakan oleh pasukan keamanan interior Rusia.[8]

Senapan Bolt-action[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30[8] Bolt-action 7,62 x 54 mm R  Uni Soviet Tempat peluru 5 putaran, beberapa anggota NAF melengkapi senjata tersebut dengan scope PU sehingga senjata ini digunakan sebagai senjata khusus penembak jitu.[8] Pemakaian terbatas.

Senjata Karabin[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
SKS[8] Semi-automatic carbine 7.62×39mm M43  Uni Soviet 10-round magazine.
AKS-74U[9] Carbine 5.45×39mm M74  Uni Soviet 30-round magazine. In Ukraine it is used by security officials.

Senjata Mesin Ringan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
PPSh-41[8] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Uni Soviet 35-round box magazine and 71-round drum magazine. Limited usage.
PPS-43[8] Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Uni Soviet 35-round box magazine. Limited usage.

Senjata Senapan Serbu[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
AKM / AKS[8] Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Uni Soviet 30-round magazine.
AKMS[8] Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Uni Soviet 30-round magazine.
AK-74[8] Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74  Uni Soviet 30-round magazine. Polymer AK-74s can be confused with AK-74Ms.
AKS-74[8] Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74  Uni Soviet 30-round magazine.
AS Val Assault rifle 9×39mm  Uni Soviet It is produced in Russia and is not known to be in the inventory of any Ukrainian security forces.
Filmed as carried by rebels in Luhansk in January 2015.[10]

Senapan Runduk[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
Dragunov SVD[8] Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR  Uni Soviet 10-round magazine.
VSS Vintorez[8] Sniper rifle 9x39mm  Uni Soviet It is produced in Russia and is not known to be in the inventory of any Ukrainian security forces.[8]
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 PU Sniper Rifle[8] Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR Kekaisaran Rusia 5-round magazine.

Senjata Anti-material[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
PTRD[8][11] Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Uni Soviet Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41[8][12] Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Uni Soviet 5-round magazine.
KSVK / ASVK[8] Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Rusia Introduced for service with Russian forces in 2013. Any exports on this rifle is unknown. The weapon is not in the inventories of Ukrainian government forces, and has not otherwise been documented in the hands of a non-state armed group.[8]

Senjata Mesin[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kaliber Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
RPD[8] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Uni Soviet 100-round drum magazine.
RPK[8] Light machine gun 7.62×39mm  Uni Soviet 40-round capacity box magazine or 75-round drum magazine.
RPK-74[8] Light machine gun 5.45×39mm M74  Uni Soviet 30 or 45-round magazine.
PK / PKM[8] General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Uni Soviet Belt fed with 100, 200 or 250-round boxes. In Ukraine, the PKM is produced under the name KM-7.62.
PKP "Pecheneg"[8] Light machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Rusia PKP is not known to be in service with Ukrainian forces, and has only been exported outside of Russia in limited quantities.[8]
PM M1910[8] Heavy machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Kekaisaran Rusia 250-round magazine. Limited usage.
DShK[8] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Uni Soviet Belt fed with 50-round boxes. Pushilin confirmed elimination of at least two DShK.[13]
KPV / KPVT[8] Heavy machine gun 14.5×114mm  Uni Soviet Belt fed with 40 or 50-round boxes.
NSV / NSVT[8] Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Uni Soviet Belt fed with 50-round boxes. In Ukraine, the NSV is produced under the name KM-12.7 or KT-12.7.

Bahan peledak[sunting | sunting sumber]

Granat dan Pelontar Granat[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Diameter Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
RG-41[8] Fragmentation grenade 55mm  Uni Soviet
5 meter kill radius. Limited usage.
F-1 Fragmentation grenade 55mm  Uni Soviet Reported to be bombarded on government forces using multirotor UAVs by pro-Russian separatists.[14]
RGD-5[8] Fragmentation grenade 58mm  Uni Soviet Propels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2-4 second fuse.
RGN[8] Fragmentation grenade 60mm  Uni Soviet 4-10 meter kill radius, 3.2-4.2 second fuse.
GP-25[8] Under-barrel grenade launcher 40mm  Uni Soviet Can be fitted to AK type rifles.
AGS-17[8][15] Automatic grenade launcher 30mm  Uni Soviet Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire.

Ranjau[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Diameter Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
MON-50[16] Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command  Uni Soviet Propels ~485/540 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 50 meters.
MON-90[16] Anti-personnel mine Tripwire/Command  Uni Soviet Propels ~2000 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 90 meters.
OZM-72[16] Anti-personnel bounding mine Tripwire/Command  Uni Soviet ~500g TNT, propels ~2400 steel projectiles.
MON-100[16] Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Uni Soviet Propels ~400 steel projectiles to a kill radius of 100 meters.
TM-62M[8] Anti-tank mine Pressure  Uni Soviet 7.5 kg TNT.

Anti-tank[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Diameter Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
RPG-7[8] Rocket-propelled grenade Warhead diameter varies  Uni Soviet Reloadable launcher.
RPG-18[8] Rocket-propelled grenade 64mm  Uni Soviet Some of these launchers captured from the separatists were evidently brought from Russia.[8]
RPG-22[8] Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Uni Soviet Single-shot disposable launcher.
RPG-26[8] Rocket-propelled grenade 72.5mm  Uni Soviet Single-shot disposable launcher.
SPG-9[8] Recoilless rifle 73mm  Uni Soviet Single-shot reloadable launcher.
9K111 Fagot[8] Anti-tank missile 120mm  Uni Soviet Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K115 Metis[8] Anti-tank missile 94mm  Uni Soviet Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9K114 Shturm[8] Anti-tank missile 130mm  Uni Soviet Wire-guided anti-tank missile system.
9M133 Kornet[8] Anti-tank missile 152mm  Rusia The system components were found discarded on a battlefield near Starobesheve.
It was not exported to Ukraine.[8][17]

Pelontar Api[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Diameter Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
RPO-A Shmel[8] Rocket-propelled flamethrower 93mm  Uni Soviet Some of the launchers captured from the separatists were evidently produced in Russia in 2000s.[8]
MRO-A[18] Rocket-propelled flamethrower 72.5mm  Rusia It is not known to have been exported outside of Russia.[8]

Kendaraan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Perang yang sedang berlangsung mendapatkan daftar di bawah ini yang termasuk dugaan sementara.

Tank[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
T-54 Tank Ringan 1  Uni Soviet Restored one from a historical museum in Donetsk.[19]
T-64/A/B/BV/BM Tank Tempur Utama 64+[20]  Uni Soviet Some captured from Ukrainian forces[20] and some allegedly supplied to rebels from Russia.[21][22]
T-72 variants
T-72B[8] / T-72B1 Tank Tempur Utama 9+  Uni Soviet Three T-72B1 were seen in a rebel convoy in Sverdlovsk, claimed to be supplied by Russia.[23]
It is not believed to be in active service in Ukraine, making it almost impossible that the separatists captured these in battle. Six seen in Donetsk during Victory day parade [24]
T-72BM (or T-72B Model 1989[8]) / T-72BA Main battle tank 2+  Rusia Both have Kontakt-5 armour. T-72BA is a Russian variant with a wind detector on its turret.[25] T-72BM is not known to have been exported or operated outside of Russia.[21][23]
One seen in a rebel convoy in Sverdlovsk.[23] Two were destroyed in Starobesheve (one T-72BA[26] and one either T-72BM or another T-72BA[17][26][27][28]).
T-72B3[8][29] Main battle tank 3+[26]  Rusia The latest T-72 model in Russian service. It was introduced in 2013, and is not known to have been exported. One destroyed near Ilovaisk.[8] At least three were destroyed in Ukraine.[26]

Kendaraan Pertempuran Angkatan Darat[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BMP-1 / BMP-1KSh[8] / BMP-1P Infantry fighting vehicle 31+  Uni Soviet Most captured from Ukrainian forces during the Battle of Debaltseve.[30]
BMP-2 / BMP-2K[8] Infantry fighting vehicle 126+  Uni Soviet Reportedly more than 80 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20] Two seen in Donetsk and two in Sverdlovsk.[31][32]
BMD-1[8] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 1  Uni Soviet One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade.
BMD-2[8] Airborne infantry fighting vehicle 5  Uni Soviet One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade in Sloviansk, three seen in a Donetsk convoy.[31] Three captured from Ukrainian forces and two lost to them in July–September 2014.[20]
BTR-82AM[8] Infantry fighting vehicle[8] 1+  Rusia BTR-82A It was only adopted in Russia in early 2013. It is not known to have been exported to any other country.[8][28]

Seen on videos filmed by the separatists.[28][33] Also seen destroyed in Novosvitlivka.[34]

Kendaraan Pengangkut Personil[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BTR-60PB[8] / BTR-60R-145BM[30] Armored personnel carrier 4  Uni Soviet Four captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
BTR-70[8] Armored personnel carrier 16  Uni Soviet Sixteen captured from Ukrainian forces.[20] Two seen in a Donetsk Vostok Battalion convoy.[31]
BTR-80[8] Armored personnel carrier 31  Uni Soviet 31 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
MT-LB[8] Armored personnel carrier 32  Uni Soviet 32 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
MT-LBu Armored personnel carrier 3  Uni Soviet 3 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
MT-LBVM[8] Armored personnel carrier 1+  Rusia[8] At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk.[28]
MT-LBVMK[8] Armored personnel carrier 1+  Rusia[8] At least one destroyed in Ukraine in September 2014.[28]
MT-LB 6MA[8] Armored personnel carrier 1+  Rusia[8] At least one destroyed near Ilovaisk.[28]
BPM-97[29] / Dozor / Dozor-N / Vystrel Wheeled armored personnel carrier 10+  Rusia Four seen in the late December LPR military exercises.[35][36]
10 vehicles seen in Krasnodon,[37] several seen in Luhansk.[38][39]
BTR-4K/E[8] Armored personnel carrier 3  Ukraina Three captured from Ukrainian forces.[20] One BTR-4K captured by the Vostok Battalion from the National Guard of Ukraine[40]

Kendaraan Pengintaian Lapis Baja[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BRDM-2 / BRDM-2RKhB[8] Amphibious armored scout car 14  Uni Soviet 14 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
9P148 ATGM launcher vehicle 4  Uni Soviet 4 captured from Ukrainian forces near Debaltseve.[20]
BRM-1K[8] Combat reconnaissance vehicle 16  Uni Soviet 16 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
PRP-3 Artillery reconnaissance vehicle 1  Uni Soviet One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]

Kendaraan Pelindung Lapis Baja[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BREM-1[8] Armored recovery vehicle 2  Uni Soviet Two captured from Ukrainian forces.[30]
IMR-2[8] Armored recovery vehicle 1  Uni Soviet One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
VT-72B Armored recovery vehicle 1  Cekoslowakia One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
BTS-4[8] Armored recovery vehicle 2  Ukraina One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]

Kendaraan Teknis Militer[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BAT-M[20] Military Engineering Vehicle 1  Uni Soviet Captured near Debaltseve.
BAT-2[20] Combat Engineering Vehicle 3  Uni Soviet

Minelayers[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
GMZ-3[28] Minelayer 1  Uni Soviet One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]

Kendaraan Utilitas dan Logistik[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle 3+  Uni Soviet One seen heading towards Donetsk from Yenakiieve.[41] Two seen north of Slavyansk.[42]
Humvee Utility Vehicle 1  Amerika Serikat Captured in Debaltsevo after being abandoned by Ukrainian forces[43]
Spartan Light Armored Vehicle 1  Ukraina One captured from the Azov Battalion.[30]
Ural-4320 Medium cargo truck 8+  Uni Soviet Five seen in a Donetsk convoy, several had armored skirts.[31] Three seen in a Sverdlovsk convoy.[32]
KamAZ-4310 Medium cargo truck 80+[44]  Uni Soviet Two seen in a Donetsk convoy.[31]
KamAZ-65117 Medium cargo truck N/A  Rusia
PTS-2[8] Amphibious transporter 21  Uni Soviet About 25 were restored from a Lugansk military warehouse.[45] Four captured by Ukrainian forces.[20]
GAZ Vodnik High-mobility multipurpose vehicle N/A  Rusia In service with Russian forces since 2005.[46]
Seen in Krasnodon.[37][47]

Artileri[sunting | sunting sumber]

Mortar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
82-BM-37[8] 82mm Infantry mortar 2  Uni Soviet At least two were captured from pro-Russian rebels[48]
120-PM-43 mortar[8] 120-mm infantry mortar 2  Uni Soviet
2S12 Sani 120mm heavy mortar 2  Uni Soviet At least two were captured from pro-Russian rebels[48]
2B14 Podnos[15] 82mm Infantry mortar 1+  Uni Soviet Captured from Ukrainian forces.
2B9 Vasilek[49] 82mm automatic mortar 1  Uni Soviet 4-mortar shell cassette.
RM-38 50mm Infantry mortar 1  Uni Soviet Used by the LPR militia, one taken from a warehouse with World War 2 weaponry.[50]

Artileri Medan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
D-20 152mm Howitzer 2  Uni Soviet Two captured from Ukrainian forces.[51]
D-30[8] 122mm Howitzer 35+[52][53]  Uni Soviet Alleged to have crossed from Russia to Ukraine.
MT-12 "Rapira"[8] 100mm Anti-tank gun 19+  Uni Soviet 18 captured from Ukrainian forces.[51]
2B16 Nona-K[8] 120mm Anti-tank gun 3+[54]  Uni Soviet At least three documented in use by the separatists.[54] Ukraine reportedly had only two of these before the war.[55]
2A65 "Msta-B"[8] 152mm Howitzer 9+  Uni Soviet Nine captured from Ukrainian forces.[51]
BS-3[8] 100mm Anti-tank gun 1  Uni Soviet Used by the LPR militia, one taken from a warehouse with World War 2 weaponry.[50][51]

Artileri Medan Otomatis[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Kuantitas Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
2S1 Gvozdika[8] 122mm Self-propelled howitzer 15  Uni Soviet 15 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20] Three Gvozdikas were seen heading towards Donetsk from Yenakiieve.[41]
2S3 Akatsiya[8] 152.4mm Self-propelled artillery 15  Uni Soviet 15 captured from Ukrainian forces.[20][56]
2S5 Giatsint-S[8] 152mm Self-propelled field gun 1  Uni Soviet One captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
2S7 Pion 203 mm Self-propelled artillery 2+  Uni Soviet Two seen in Makeevka.[57]
2S9 Nona-S[8] 120mm Self-propelled mortar 2  Uni Soviet One captured from the 25th Airborne Brigade. Two seen in Donetsk[58] One captured by Ukrainian forces on July 5, 2014.[20]
2S19 Msta-S[8] 152mm Self-propelled howitzer 3+  Uni Soviet Two reportedly captured from Ukrainian forces.[20]
One more is suspected to come from Russia.[39]

Artileri Roket[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
BM-21 "Grad" (9K51)[8][59] 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 18+  Uni Soviet 18 claimed to be captured from Ukrainian forces after battles near the border with Russia.[60]
Grad-K[29] ("Grad" on KamAZ-5350 chassis) 122mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 1+  Rusia The 2B26 machine is a Russian modification of the original BM-21 launcher. It was first produced in 2011.[61] It is seen on a video with separatists firing Grads in January 2015.[29][62]
TOS-1 Buratino 220mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 1+  Uni Soviet Spotted by the OSCE south-west of Luhansk in September 2015. The equipment is produced in Russia and was not exported to Ukraine before the conflict.
Previously Ukraine's military claimed the Buratino had been used against government troops from the rebel-held territories.[63]
BM-27 Uragan 220mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 2+  Uni Soviet Two seen in Khartsyzk in February 2015.[64]
BM-30 Smerch 300mm Multiple Rocket Launcher 2+  Uni Soviet At least two seen in Makiivka in February 2015.[65][66]
Grad-P Light portable rocket system 2+  Uni Soviet Two seen in use.[67]

Pertahanan udara[sunting | sunting sumber]

Senjata tarikan anti-udara[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
ZPU[8] 14.5mm Anti-aircraft gun 1+  Uni Soviet
ZU-23-2[8] 23mm Anti-aircraft gun 3+  Uni Soviet One seen in a Donetsk convoy on a technical.[31] Two seen in a Sverdlovsk convoy attached to MT-LBs.

Kendaraan Pertahanan Udara[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
9K35 Strela-10[8][59] Short range SAM 2+  Uni Soviet One seen in Donetsk nicknamed "Лягушонок" (frogling).[8][68] One seen in a Sverdlovsk convoy.[32]
9K33 Osa[8] 6x6 amphibious SAM system 1  Uni Soviet One claimed to be captured from Ukrainian forces in the "southern kettle".[60]
9K37 Buk[59] Medium range SAM 1  Uni Soviet One seen in Snizhne.[69][70]
Claimed to be associated with the downing of MH17 flight.[8][69][71]
Pantsir-S1 Medium range SAM 1+  Rusia It is not known to have been exported to Ukraine.

Seen in Luhansk and Makiivka in early 2015.[29][72][73][74] Its used rocket components were also reported to be observed in Ukraine in November 2014.[8]

Sistem Pertahanan Udara Ringan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Ketinggian maksimal Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
9K32 Strela-2[8] Man portable air defence system 1500m  Uni Soviet Some Ukrainian stocks of Strela-2s went missing early in the conflict, and are presumably under NAF control.[8]
PPZR Grom[8] Man portable air defence system 3500m  Polandia This Polish equipment was reportedly captured from pro-Russian separatists. It was fitted with a Russian-made 9P516 gripstock, designed for the 9K38 Igla. Russian forces are known to have captured some of these from Georgia.[8]
9K38 Igla[8] Man portable air defence system 3500m  Uni Soviet Supplied by Russia (Ukrainian claim).[8][75][76] Captured from Ukrainian armories (DPR claim).[77] The system has identification friend or foe system which undermines DPR claims.[78]

Kendaraan nirawak[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
Tu-143 "Reys"[8] Reconnaissance UAV 1  Uni Soviet One captured from Ukrainian forces.
Orlan-10[8] Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Rusia One shot down by Ukrainian forces.
Forpost Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Israel
 Rusia		 One shot down by Ukrainian forces.[79][80]
Consumer-grade UAV Quadcopter 1 One used by the rebels during the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport.[8]

Pesawat[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama Jenis Jumlah Negara Asal Gambar Catatan
Sukhoi Su-25 Close air support 1  Uni Soviet One Su-25 was captured by the Army of the South-East in early July 2014. The aircraft has been in service since the 1st of September.[81][82][tepercaya?]
Antonov An-2 Transport 1  Uni Soviet One An-2 was captured by the Army of the South-East in May 2014.[83]
Aero L-29 Delfín Pesawat pelatihan militer 1  Cekoslowakia One restored from Luhansk Aviation Museum[84][85]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Самым неспокойным городом Украины в последние дни неожиданно стал Донецк. «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ... еще 3 марта взяло штурмом областную администрацию"
    Русский и бессмысленный // LENTA.RU от 6 марта 2014
  2. ^ a b ДНР и ЛНР приступили к созданию Армии Новороссии. Novorossiya (dalam bahasa Russian). 16 September 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-09-19. Diakses tanggal 19 September 2014. 
  3. ^ Ukraine's next battle is Donetsk, but no bombs, please. USA Today. 12 July 2014.
  4. ^ The army of the Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics has 20,000 fighters - Gubarev. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 9 July 2014
  5. ^ "Ukraine: Where Will the Russian-Backed Rebels Attack Next?". Newsweek. 23 May 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2015. 
  6. ^ "Pro-Russian rebels have 40,000-strong army, sufficient for 'mid-sized European state': Ukraine defence minister". ABC AU. 8 June 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2015. 
  7. ^ "Donetsk, Luhansk armies to form armed forces". Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 16 September 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-16. Diakses tanggal 19 September 2014. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). "Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3)" (PDF). ARES. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2015. 
  9. ^ "Ukrainian Killed And Pro-Russian Fighters Injured In Clashes Over Police HQ". The Huffington Post UK. 13 April 2014. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2015. 
  10. ^ "Russian special forces in Luhansk: so called insurgents armed with AS "Val" assault rifles - the weapon used by the Russian Federation Army only. VIDEO". Censor.net. 13 January 2015. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2015. 
  11. ^ "Donetsk airport, combat footage by Motorola's unit soldier Tkach". 7 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 October 2014. 
  12. ^ Бойовики на Донеччині викрали з музею протитанкову зброю Diarsipkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine. Fakty i Kommentarii, 12 May 2014
  13. ^ DPR leader Pushilin confirmed receiving three tanks from Russia. UNIAN. 13 June 2014
  14. ^ Посылка для вашего мальчика: Ополченцы приноровились сбрасывать гранаты с беспилотников (видео) [A parcel for your boy: Insurgents figured to drop granades from UAVs (video)]. Русская весна (dalam bahasa Russian). 15 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. 
  15. ^ a b Motorola's appeal to Russians. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  16. ^ a b c d NAF militia training center 06/12/14. Novorossia TV. 7 December 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  17. ^ a b Tsvetkova Maria and Vasovic Aleksandar (October 23, 2014). "Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-10-23. Diakses tanggal 19 November 2014. 
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Templat:2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

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