Tiga Saksi Mata
Tiga Saksi Mata adalah nama kolektif untuk tiga orang yang berhubungan dengan gerakan Orang-orang Kudus Zaman Akhir awal yang dikatakan diperlihatkan plakat-plakat emas oleh sesosok malaikat yang diterjemahkan menjadi Kitab Mormon oleh Joseph Smith.[1] Mereka juga dikatakan mendengar suara Allah, memberitahukan mereka bahwa kitab tersebut diterjemahkan oleh kekuasaan ilahi. Ketiganya adalah bagian dari dua belas saksi mata Kitab Mormon, yang juga meliputi Smith dan Delapan Saksi Mata.
Pernyataan bersama Tiga Saksi Mata—Oliver Cowdery, Martin Harris, dan David Whitmer—dicetak (dengan pernyataan terpisah dari Delapan Saksi Mata) dalam nyaris setiap edisi Kitab Mormon sejak publikasi perdananya pada 1830. Seluruh tiga pria tersebut kemudian pecah kongsi dengan Smith dan gereja yang ia dirikan, meskipun Harris dan Cowdery kemudian dibaptis ulang dalam gereja tersebut setelah kematian Smith.[2][3] Whitmer mendirikan Gereja Kristus (Whitmerite) miliknya sendiri. Seluruh tiga pria tersebut menyatakan pernyataan mereka dari Kitab Mormon pada masa kematian mereka.[4][5]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ (Bushman 2005, hlm. 78)
- ^ Oaks, Dallin H. "The Witness: Martin Harris". Diakses tanggal 14 February 2014.
- ^ Faulring, Scott H. "The Return of Oliver Cowdery". The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarshup. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-21. Diakses tanggal 14 February 2014.
- ^ Givens, Terryl (2009), The Book of Mormon: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, hlm. 99 ("the three witnesses all defected from Smith and his church, (only Whitmer permanently), though all maintained until death the truth of the affidavits.")
- ^ In 1838, Joseph Smith called Cowdery, Harris, and Whitmer "too mean to mention; and we had liked to have forgotten them." B.H. Roberts, ed. History of the Church (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1905), 3: 232. Technically, Whitmer resigned before the High Council decided that he "be no longer considered a member of the Church of Christ of Latter day Saints." Ronald E. Romig, "Faithful Dissenter, Witness Apart," in Roger D. Launius and Linda Thatcher, Dissenting Visions: Dissenters in Mormon History (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, p. 36; Michael Marquardt, "David Whitmer: His Evolving Beliefs and Recollections," in Scattering of the Saints, Schism within Mormonism, eds. Newell G. Bringhurst and John C. Hamer, (Independence, MO: John Whitmer Books, 2007) p. 50.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Anderson, Richard Lloyd (1981). Investigating the Book of Mormon Witnesses. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company. ISBN 978-0-87747-846-1.
- Brodie, Fawn McKay (1995). No Man Knows My History: the Life of Joseph Smith, the Mormon Prophet
(edisi ke-2nd., rev. and enl.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-73054-0. - Bushman, Richard L. (1984). Joseph Smith and the Beginnings of Mormonism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06012-0.
- Bushman, Richard L. (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-4270-4.
- Cook, Lyndon W. (ed) (1991). David Whitmer Interviews, A Restoration Witness. Orem, Utah: Grandin Book. ISBN 978-0-910523-38-7.
- Jessee, Dean C. (ed) (1989). The Papers of Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-87579-199-9.
- Latzer, Michael J (2000). "Whitmer, David". American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press.
- Palmer, Grant H. (2002). An Insider's View of Mormon Origins. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-157-0.
- Roberts, Brigham Henry (1911). New Witnesses for God. (Vols. 1-3). Salt Lake City: Deseret News.
- Vogel, Dan (ed) (1996–2003). Early Mormon Documents. (Vols. 1-5). Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-072-8.
