Pertahanan berbasis sipil
Pertahanan berbasis sipil atau pertahanan sosial[1] menggambarkan tindakan non-militer oleh masyarakat atau kelompok sosial, khususnya dalam konteks kampanye berkelanjutan melawan serangan dari luar atau pemerintahan diktator – atau persiapan untuk kampanye semacam itu jika terjadi serangan atau perampasan dari luar. Ada berbagai sinonim yang mirip, termasuk "pertahanan tanpa kekerasan", "pertahanan sipil", dan "pertahanan oleh perlawanan sipil". Apa pun istilah yang digunakan, pendekatan ini melibatkan persiapan dan penggunaan serangkaian tindakan – yang dapat disebut sebagai perlawanan tanpa kekerasan dan perlawanan sipil – untuk pertahanan nasional melawan invasi, kudeta, dan ancaman lainnya.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ “Social Defence: Nonviolent Community Resistance to Aggression,” Broadsheet published by Canberra Peacemakers, April 1982. Main authors: Sky Hopkins, Brian Martin, Claire Runciman and Frances Sutherland. Reprinted with alterations by the Social Defence Project, Canada, 1983, and Peace News, 1984. Russian version and translation, 1984, prepared by Canberra Peacemakers. This e-version contains a few changes and corrections: https://documents.uow.edu.au/~bmartin/pubs/82sd/; Internet Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20200529174909/https://documents.uow.edu.au/~bmartin/pubs/82sd/
Bacaan lebih lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Civilian-Based Defense: A Short History of a Nonviolent Alternative to War, by Philip Bogdonoff. https://northernagrarianarchive.wordpress.com/2008/06/12/a-nonviolent-alternative-to-war-by-philip-bogdonoff/. Originally published in CIVILIAN BASED DEFENSE: NEWS OPINION, NOV. 1982, pp. 3-5, with the following endnote: “This article is based primarily on two unpublished papers; “Civilian Defense: Development of the Concept” (1974) by Lennart Bergfeldt, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, University of Uppsala, Sweden; and ”Nonviolent Common Defense: the Biography of an Idea,” chapter 2 from Gene Keyes, “Strategic Nonviolent Defense in Theory; Denmark in Practice” (dissertation, York University, Canada, 1978.) I am indebted to their work.”
- Nagler, Michael (1 August 2007). "Civilian-Based Defense". Metta Center.
- Jørgen Johansen and Brian Martin, Social Defence, Irene Publishing: 2019. www.irenepublishing.com. Free download at https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/19sd/19sd.pdf.archive url=http://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/19sd/19sd.pdf.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Albert Einstein Institution - Organization which promotes civilian-based defense and offers free downloads of books on the topic
- Paul Emile Anders' civilian-based defense website - Compiled by a former executive director of the Civilian-based Defense Association
- The Resource Library of the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict The library has many studies available for free download.
- [1]. Demilitarization: Is It Time for Civilian-Based Defense? February 22, 2022 by Richard Sandbrook
- GRETA ZARRO on civilian-based defense: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=4684406031583505