Pemuda kiriman

Nama Tionghoa
	Pemuda yang dididik
Hanzi tradisional:	知識青年
Hanzi sederhana:	知识青年
Makna literal:	intellectual youth
Alih aksara
	Mandarin
- Hanyu Pinyin:	zhīshi qīngnián

Pemuda kiriman atau pemuda yang "dididik" (Hanzi: 知識青年), juga disebut sebagai zhiqing, adalah kaum muda yang dari permulaan 1950-an sampai akhir Revolusi Kebudayaan meninggalkan distrik-distrik perkotaan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok untuk tinggal dan bekerja di wilayah pedesaan sebagai bagian dari "Gerakan Naik ke Pegunungan dan Turun ke Pedesaan".^[1]^[2]

Kebanyakan orang yang melakukannya berpendidikan sekolah dasar sampai SMA, dan hanya segelintir kecil yang berpendidikan tingkat pasca-menengah atau universitas.^[3]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Cao, Zuoya (2003), Out of the crucible: literary works about the rusticated youth, Lexington Books, hlm. 1, ISBN 978-0-7391-0506-1 "The Zhiqing and the Rustication Movement "Zhiqing" is the abbreviation for zhishi qingnian, which is usually translated as "educated youth". (Zhishi means "knowledge" while qingnian means "youth".) The term zhishi qingnian appeared during "
^ China's Sent-Down Generation 2013 216 "zhiqing: Contraction of zhishi qingnian, ..."
^ The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution -Guo Jian, Yongyi Song, Yuan Zhou - 2009 p74 "EDUCATED YOUTHS (zhishi qingnian or zhiqing). Although college graduates were also included in its original definition, this term, as commonly understood today, refers mainly to urban and suburban middle-school and high-school graduates during the Cultural Revolution who went to the... to be reeducated by the farmers there"

Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Bernstein, Thomas P. (1977). Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages: The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Rene, Helena K. (2013). "China's Sent-Down Generation: Public Administration and the Legacies of Mao's Rustication Program". Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 9781589019874
Yihong Pan. (2003). Tempered in the Revolutionary Furnace: China’s Youth in the Rustication Movement. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

[cao-1] Cao, Zuoya (2003), Out of the crucible: literary works about the rusticated youth, Lexington Books, hlm. 1, ISBN 978-0-7391-0506-1 "The Zhiqing and the Rustication Movement "Zhiqing" is the abbreviation for zhishi qingnian, which is usually translated as "educated youth". (Zhishi means "knowledge" while qingnian means "youth".) The term zhishi qingnian appeared during "

[2] China's Sent-Down Generation 2013 216 "zhiqing: Contraction of zhishi qingnian, ..."

[3] The A to Z of the Chinese Cultural Revolution -Guo Jian, Yongyi Song, Yuan Zhou - 2009 p74 "EDUCATED YOUTHS (zhishi qingnian or zhiqing). Although college graduates were also included in its original definition, this term, as commonly understood today, refers mainly to urban and suburban middle-school and high-school graduates during the Cultural Revolution who went to the... to be reeducated by the farmers there"

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