Lihat sumber Modernitas

{{Sosiologi}}
{{Sejarah manusia}}
'''Modernitas''' adalah [[jargon]] yang digunakan dalam ilmu humaniora dan ilmu sosial untuk menyebut sebuah periode sejarah ([[era modern]]) dan campuran [[norma (sosial)|norma]], perilaku, dan praktik sosial-budaya tertentu yang muncul di Eropa pasca-[[abad pertengahan]] dan berkembang di seluruh dunia sejak saat itu. Meski turut mencakup berbagai proses sejarah dan fenomena budaya yang saling terkait (dari [[mode|tata busana]] sampai [[perang modern]]), modernitas juga dapat mengacu pada pengalaman subjektif atau eksistensial terhadap suasana yang ada serta dampaknya terhadap kebudayaan manusia, lembaga, dan politik {{harv|Berman|2010|loc=15–36}}.

Sebagai peristiwa sejarah, modernitas mengacu pada masa-masa yang dipenuhi kritik atau penolakan [[tradisi]]; pengutamaan [[individualisme]], [[kebebasan politik|kebebasan]], dan [[kesetaraan hukum]]; keyakinan terhadap [[kemajuan (sejarah)|kemajuan]] sosial, ilmiah, dan teknologi, dan keparipurnaan manusia; [[rasionalisasi (sosiologi)|rasionalisasi]] dan [[profesionalisasi]], peralihan dari [[feodalisme]] (atau [[agrarianisme]]) ke [[kapitalisme]] dan ekonomi pasar; [[industrialisasi]], [[urbanisasi]], dan [[sekularisasi]]; pembentukan [[negara-bangsa]] dan lembaga bawahannya (misalnya [[demokrasi perwakilan]], [[pendidikan umum]], [[birokrasi]] modern); dan berbagai bentuk [[pengintaian]] {{harv|Foucault|1995|loc=170–77}}. Sejumlah penulis berpendapat bahwa jumlah modernitas bisa lebih dari satu karena definisi istilah dan sejarahnya sendiri belum tetap.

[[Charles Baudelaire]] diakui sebagai pencipta istilah "modernitas" (''modernité'') dalam esainya tahun 1864, "The Painter of Modern Life". Ia menciptakan istilah tersebut untuk menyebut pengalaman hidup yang cepat usai di tengah kota dan tugas seniman untuk menggambarkan pengalaman tersebut. Artinya, modernitas mengacu pada hubungan terhadap waktu, hubungan yang ditandai oleh terputusnya seseorang dengan masa lalu, keterbukaan terhadap hal-hal baru pada masa depan, dan naiknya tingkat kesadaran terhadap hal-hal unik pada masa kini {{harv|Kompridis|2006|loc=32–59}}.

Sebagai konsep analitis dan gagasasn [[norma (filsafat)|normatif]], modernitas sangat berkaitan dengan [[etos]] [[modernisme]] filosofis dan estetis; arus politik dan intelektual yang bersinggungan dengan [[Renaisans]]; dan berbagai perkembangan selanjutnya seperti [[Marxisme]], [[eksistensialisme]], [[seni modern]], dan [[ilmu sosial]]. Modernitas juga mencakup hubungan sosial yang berhubungan dengan bangkitnya kapitalisme, dan peralihan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan sekularisasi dan [[kehidupan pribadi|kehidupan]] pasca-industri {{harv|Berman|2010|loc=15–36}}.

== Lihat pula ==
{{Columns-list|3|
*[[Modernisasi]]
*[[Rasionalisasi (sosiologi)]]
*[[Urbanisasi]]
*[[Industrialisasi]]
*[[Masyarakat massal]]
*[[Masyarakat tradisional]]
*[[Pascamodernitas]]
*[[Hipermodernitas]]
*[[Transmodernitas]]
*[[Modernitas akhir]]
*[[Modernitas kedua]]
*[[Islam dan modernitas]]
*[[Yudaisme Ortodoks Modern]]
*[[Modernisme (Katolik Roma)]]
*[[Modernisme Buddha]]
}}

== Catatan ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Referensi ==
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{{refend}}

== Bacaan lanjutan ==
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* [[Hannah Arendt|Arendt, Hannah]]. 1958. "The Origins Of Totalitarianism" Cleavland: World Publishing Co. ISBN 0-8052-4225-2
* [[Christine Buci-Glucksmann|Buci-Glucksmann, Christine]]. 1994. ''Baroque Reason: The Aesthetics of Modernity''. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. ISBN 0-8039-8975-X (cloth) ISBN 0-8039-8976-8 (pbk)
* Carroll, Michael Thomas. 2000. ''Popular Modernity in America: Experience, Technology, Mythohistory''. SUNY Series in Postmodern Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-4713-8 (hc) ISBN 0-7914-4714-6 (pbk)
* Corchia, Luca. 2008. "[http://arp.unipi.it/dettaglioar.php?ide=132051 Il concetto di modernità in Jürgen Habermas. Un indice ragionato] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063716/http://arp.unipi.it/dettaglioar.php?ide=132051 |date=2011-07-22 }}." ''The Lab's Quarterly/Il Trimestrale del Laboratorio'' 2:396ff. ISSN 2035-5548.
* Crouch, Christopher. 2000. "Modernism in Art Design and Architecture," New York: St. Martins Press. ISBN 0-312-21830-3 (cloth) ISBN 0-312-21832-X (pbk)
* Davies, Oliver. 2004. "The Theological Aesthetics". In ''The Cambridge Companion to Hans Urs von Balthasar'', edited by Edward T. Oakes and David Moss, 131–42. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-89147-7.
* Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 2003. ''Comparative Civilizations and Multiple Modernities'', 2 vols. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
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* Horváth, Ágnes, 2013. ''Modernism and Charisma''. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-27785-5 (cloth)
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* Regilme, Salvador Santino F. Jr.. 2012. "[http://www.hamburg-review.com/fileadmin/pdf/06_03-07_01/Regilme_SocialDiscipl.pdf Social Discipline, Democracy, and Modernity: Are They All Uniquely ‘European’?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524072405/http://www.hamburg-review.com/fileadmin/pdf/06_03-07_01/Regilme_SocialDiscipl.pdf |date=2013-05-24 }}". Hamburg Review of Social Sciences. Volume 6, Issue 3 & Volume 7, Issue 1. 94-117

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