Miranda de Souza Canavarro
Miranda de Souza Canavarro (1849-1933) dikenal sebagai wanita pertama yang masuk agama Buddha di tanah Amerika (pada 1897) dan kemudian menjadi bikkhuni di Ceylon. Ia dikenal sebagai Sister Sanghamitta, sementara di Amerika ia sering disebut sebagai Marie. Ia adalah istri dari duta besar Portugis untuk Kepulauan Sandwich, yang memulai "perkawinan spiritual" rahasia dengan jaksa New York dan simpatisan Buddhis Myron Henry Phelps.[1] Ia masuk agama Buddha pada 1897 di bawah bimbingan Anagarika Dharmapala, kemudian pindah ke Ceylon sebagai Sister Sanghamitta.[2][3]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Thomas A. Tweed The American Encounter with Buddhism: 1844 - 1912 1992 Page 87 "21 Canavarro transgressed the boundaries of Victorian social norms even more clearly and forcefully, however, when she began her secret "spiritual marriage" to Myron Henry Phelps (1856-1916), the Buddhist sympathizer, New York attorney"
- ^ John Holt The Sri Lanka Reader: History, Culture, Politics 2011 - - Page 367 "Countess Miranda de Souza Carnavarro, briefly known as Sanghamitta, was an American theosophist and wealthy socialite who converted to Buddhism in 1897 under the discipleship of the Anagarika Dharmapala. Under Dharmapala's ..."
- ^ Bartholomeusz, Tessa, "Real Life and Romance: The Life of Miranda de Souza Canavarro," in Feminist Studies in Religion, volume 10, number 2, 1994.