Lihat sumber Jack Kirby

{{Infobox comics creator
| image = Jack-Kirby art-of-jack-kirby wyman-skaar.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Kirby pada tahun 1992
| bodyclass = hlist
| birth_name = Jacob Kurtzberg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1917|08|28}}
| birth_place = [[New York City, New York]], Amerika Serikat
| death_date = {{death date and age|1994|02|6|1917|08|28}}
| death_place = [[Thousand Oaks, California]], Amerika Serikat
| nationality = Amerika
| area = {{Plainlist|
* Penulis
* [[Penciller]]
* Artis
* [[Inker]]
* Editor
}}
| alias = Jack Curtiss, Curt Davis, Lance Kirby, Ted Grey, Charles Nicholas, Fred Sande, Teddy
| notable works = ''[[Captain America (buku komik)|Captain America]]'', ''[[Fantastic Four (buku komik)|Fantastic Four]]'', ''[[Fourth World (komik)|Fourth World]]'', ''[[The Incredible Hulk (buku komik)|Hulk]]'', ''[[Kamandi]]'', ''[[Manhunter (komik)|Manhunter]]'', ''[[Newsboy Legion]]'', ''[[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]]'', ''[[Silver Surfer]]'', ''[[X-Men]]''
| awards =  '''Alley Award''', Best Pencil Artist (1967), ditambah banyak penghargaan untuk cerita individu, '''Shazam Award''', Special Achievement by an Individual (1971)
| website =
| subcat = American
|spouse=Roz Goldstein <br>(m. 1942–1994; dia meninggal)
|children={{flatlist|
* Susan, b. 6 Desember, 1945<ref name="TJKC10">{{cite journal|last= Morrow|first= John|title= Roz Kirby Interview Excerpts|journal= The Jack Kirby Collector|issue= 10|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= April 1996|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|url = http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/10roz.html|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103065856/http://twomorrows.com/kirby/articles/10roz.html|archivedate= November 3, 2013|deadurl= no}}</ref>
* Neal, b. May 1948<ref name=ro46>Ro, p. 46</ref>
* Barbara, b. November 1952<ref>{{cite book|first=Greg |last=Theakston |title=The Jack Kirby Treasury Volume Two <!-- as spelled on copyright page-->| publisher=[[Eclipse Comics|Eclipse Books]]|location= Forestville, California|year=1991|page=39|isbn = 978-1-56060-134-0}}</ref>
* Lisa, b. September 1960<ref name="TJKC10" /><ref name=galacticlisa>{{cite web |last=Brady |first=Matt |url=http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?threadid=63600 |title=Lisa Kirby, Mike Thibodeaux, & Tom Brevoort on Galactic Bounty Hunters |publisher=Newsarama|date=April 20, 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090915195759/http://forum.newsarama.com/showthread.php?threadid=63600 |archivedate=September 15, 2009}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Jack Kirby''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɜr|b|i}}; lahir '''Jacob Kurtzberg'''; 28 Agustus, 1917&nbsp;– 6 Februari, 1994),<ref>[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VMK5-CPJ Jack Kirby] at the [[Social Security Death Index]] via [[FamilySearch]]. Retrieved on February 15, 2013.</ref> adalah seorang komikus, penulis, dan editor komik Amerika, yang secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu inovator utama dan salah satu pencipta paling produktif dan berpengaruh.

Kirby tumbuh di [[New York City]], dan belajar menggambarkan tokoh kartun dengan melacak karakter dari komik dan kartun editorial. Dia memasuki industri yang baru lahir pada tahun 1930-an, menarik berbagai fitur komik dengan nama pena yang berbeda, termasuk Jack Curtiss, sebelum akhirnya menetap di Jack Kirby. Pada tahun 1940, dia dan penulis-editor [[Joe Simon]] menciptakan karakter [[superhero]] yang sangat sukses [[Captain America]] untuk [[Timely Comics]], pendahulu [[Marvel Comics]]. Selama tahun 1940-an, Kirby, yang pada umumnya bekerja sama dengan Simon, menciptakan banyak karakter untuk perusahaan itu dan [[National Comics Publications]], kemudian menjadi [[DC Comics]].

Setelah bertugas di [[Perang Dunia II]], Kirby menghasilkan karya untuk sejumlah penerbit, termasuk DC, [[Harvey Comics]], Hillman Periodicals. Di Crestwood Publications dia dan Simon menciptakan genre komik roman dan kemudian mendirikan perusahaan komik berumur pendek mereka sendiri, [[Mainline Publications]]. Akhirnya, Kirby menemukan dirinya pada iterasi tahun 1950-an Timely, [[Atlas Comics (1950)|Atlas Comics]], yang pada dekade berikutnya menjadi Marvel. Di sana, pada tahun 1960, Kirby dan editor-penulis [[Stan Lee]] menciptakan banyak karakter utama perusahaan, termasuk [[Fantastic Four]], [[X-Men]], dan [[Hulk]]. Judul Lee-Kirby mengumpulkan penjualan dan pujian yang tinggi, namun pada tahun 1970, merasa diperlakukan tidak adil, Kirby meninggalkan perusahaan tersebut dan pergi ke rival DC.

Di DC, Kirby menciptakan saga ''[[Fourth World]]'', yang membentang beberapa judul komik. Sementara seri ini terbukti tidak berhasil secara komersial dan dibatalkan, New God Fourth World terus berlanjut sebagai bagian penting dari DC Universe. Kirby telah ke Marvel sebentar di pertengahan hingga akhir 1970-an, lalu berkelana ke animasi [[animasi|televisi animasi]] dan komik independen.

Kirby menikah dengan Rosalind "Roz" Goldstein pada tahun 1942. Mereka memiliki empat anak, dan tetap menikah sampai kematiannya karena gagal jantung pada tahun 1994, pada usia 76. [[Jack Kirby Awards]] dan [[Jack Kirby Hall of Fame]] diberi nama untuk menghormatinya.

== Kehidupan awal ==
[[Berkas:BoyExplorersNo1A.jpg|jmpl|kiri|lurus]]Jack Kirby lahir dengan nama '''Jacob Kurtzberg''' pada tanggal 28 Agustus 1917 di [[Lower East Side]] [[Manhattan]] di New York City, tempat dia dibesarkan.<ref name=Kirbymuseum>{{cite web | url = http://kirbymuseum.org/biography | first= Mark | last= Evanier | authorlink = Mark Evanier | first2=Steve| last2=Sherman | title = Jack Kirby Biography | publisher = Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center | accessdate = 2012-02-24 | archivedate= September 17, 2013 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130917070658/http://kirbymuseum.org/biography/ | deadurl = no|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Orang tuanya, Rose (Bernstein) dan Benjamin Kurtzberg,<ref name=Kirbymuseum/> adalah imigran Yahudi Austria, dan ayahnya mencari nafkah sebagai pekerja pabrik [[clothing|garmen]].<ref name=hamilsue>Hamilton, Sue L. ''Jack Kirby''. ABDO Group, 2006. ISBN 978-1-59928-298-5, p. 4</ref> Di masa mudanya, Kirby ingin melarikan diri dari lingkungannya. Dia suka menggambar, dan mencari tempat untuk belajar lebih banyak tentang seni.<ref>{{cite book | authorlink= Gerard Jones | last = Jones | first = Gerard | title = Men of Tomorrow: Geeks, Gangsters, and the Birth of the Comic Book | url= https://archive.org/details/menoftomorrowgee0000jone | publisher = [[Basic Books]] | year = 2004 | isbn= 978-0-465-03657-8 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/menoftomorrowgee0000jone/page/195 195]–96}}</ref> Pada dasarnya otodidak,<ref name=markev34>{{cite book|last=Mark Evanier|first= Mark|title=Kirby: King of Comics|publisher=[[Abrams Books|Abrams]]|year= 2008|location= New York, New York|isbn= 978-0-8109-9447-8|page= 34}}</ref> Kirby mengutip antara pengaruhnya terhadap seniman [[komik strip]] [[Milton Caniff]], [[Hal Foster]], dan [[Alex Raymond]], serta kartunis editorial seperti C. H. Sykes, "Ding" Darling, dan [[Rollin Kirby]].<ref name=markev34 /> Dia ditolak oleh Educational Alliance karena dia menggambar "terlalu cepat dengan arang", menurut Kirby. Dia kemudian menemukan jalan keluar untuk keahliannya dengan menggambar kartun untuk surat kabar Boys Brotherhood Republic, sebuah "kota mini" di East 3rd Street dimana anak-anak jalanan menjalankan pemerintahan mereka sendiri.<ref>Jones, p. 196</ref>

Pada usia 14, Kirby mendaftar di Pratt Institute di Brooklyn, pergi setelah seminggu. "Saya bukan tipe murid yang dicari Pratt. Mereka menginginkan orang-orang yang mengerjakan sesuatu selamanya. Saya tidak ingin mengerjakan proyek apapun selamanya. Saya bermaksud menyelesaikan banyak hal."<ref>{{cite journal|title= 'I've Never Done Anything Halfheartedly'|journal= [[The Comics Journal]]|publisher = [[Fantagraphics Books]]|number= 134|date = February 1990|location= Seattle, Washington}} Reprinted in {{cite book|last = George | first=Milo, ed. |title = The Comics Journal Library, Volume One: Jack Kirby |url = https://archive.org/details/bkrigstein0001sado | publisher = Fantagraphics Books| year = 2002|location= Seattle, Washington| isbn = 978-1-56097-466-6 | page = [https://archive.org/details/bkrigstein0001sado/page/22 22]}}</ref>

== Penghargaan dan kehormatan ==
Jack Kirby menerima banyak pengakuan selama perjalanan kariernya, termasuk [[Alley Award]] 1967 untuk Best Pencil Artist.<ref name=alley67>{{cite web|url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley67.php|title= 1967 Alley Awards|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725002130/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley67.php|archivedate= July 25, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref> Tahun berikutnya ia menjadi runner-up di belakang Jim Steranko. Penghargaan Alley lainnya adalah:
* 1963: Favorite Short Story - "The Human Torch Meets Captain America", oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, ''[[Strange Tales]]'' #114<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley63.php|title= 1963 Alley Awards|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725052457/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley63.php|archivedate= July 25, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref>
* 1964:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley64.php|title= 1964 Alley Awards|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725065718/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley64.php|archivedate= July 25, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref>
** Best Novel - "Captain America Joins the Avengers", oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, dari ''[[Avengers (komik)|The Avengers]]'' #4
** Best New Strip or Book - "Captain America", oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, dalam ''[[Tales of Suspense]]''
* 1965: Best Short Story - "The Origin of the Red Skull", oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, ''Tales of Suspense'' #66<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php|title= 1965 Alley Awards|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140710044601/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley65.php|archivedate= July 10, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref>
* 1966: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature - "Tales of Asgard" oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, dalam ''[[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley66.php |title=1966 Alley Awards |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140725012122/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley66.php|archivedate= July 25, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref>
* 1967: Best Professional Work, Regular Short Feature - (hubungan) "Tales of Asgard" dan "Tales of the [[Inhumans]]", keduanya oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, dalam ''Thor''<ref name=alley67 />
* 1968:<ref name="Alley1968">{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley68.php |title=1968 Alley Awards |publisher=Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725003747/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/alley68.php |archivedate=July 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=August 10, 2010 |quote=Mark Hanerfeld originally listed ''Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.'' as the winner, but then discovered he had counted separately votes for "Fantastic Four by Jack Kirby" (42 votes), "Fantastic Four by Stan Lee," and "Fantastic Four by Jack Kirby & Stan Lee," which would have given ''Fantastic Four'' a total of more than 45 votes and thus the victory. |df= }}</ref>
** Best Professional Work, Best Regular Short Feature - "Tales of the Inhumans", oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby, dalam ''Thor''
** Best Professional Work, Hall of Fame - ''Fantastic Four'', oleh Stan Lee dan Jack Kirby; ''[[Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (buku komik)|Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.]]'', oleh Jim Steranko<ref name="Alley1968" />

Kirby memenangkan [[Shazam Award]] untuk Special Achievement by an Individual pada tahun 1971 untuk rangkaian "Fourth World" nya di ''Forever People'', ''New Gods'', ''Mister Miracle'', dan ''Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam71.php |title=1971 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|accessdate= August 10, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627191906/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam71.php|archivedate=June 27, 2008}}</ref> Dia menerima sebuah [[Inkpot Award]] pada tahun 1974<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|title= Inkpot Award Winners |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055558/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|archivedate= July 9, 2012|deadurl= no}}</ref> dan dilantik ke dalam Shazam Awards Hall of Fame pada tahun 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam74.php |title=1974 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|accessdate= August 10, 2010| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627191916/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/shazam74.php| archivedate=June 27, 2008}}</ref> Pada tahun 1987 ia menjadi seorang inductee perdana ke dalam Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisnersum.php|title= Will Eisner Comic Industry Award: Summary of Winners|publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140812093946/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/eisnersum.php|archivedate= August 12, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 10, 2010}}</ref> Dia menerima Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award pada tahun 1993 di [[Eisner Award]] tahun itu.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comic-con.org/awards/bob-clampett-humanitarian-award|title= The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award|year= 2014|publisher= [[San Diego Comic-Con International]]|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140701112050/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/bob-clampett-humanitarian-award|archivedate= July 1, 2014|deadurl= no|accessdate= August 16, 2014}}</ref>

[[Jack Kirby Awards]] dan [[Jack Kirby Hall of Fame]] dinamai untuk menghormatinya.

== Referensi ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
*{{cite book|last=Evanier|first=Mark|title=Kirby: King of Comics|year=2008|publisher=Abrams|isbn=081099447X}}
*{{cite book|last=Wyman|first=Ray|title=The Art of Jack Kirby|year=1993|publisher=Blue Rose Press, Inc.|isbn=0-9634467-1-1}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{Portal|Amerika Serikat|Biografi|Komik}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://kirbymuseum.org The Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center]
* {{comicbookdb|type=creator|id=100}}
* {{IMDb name|0456158}}
*{{Find a Grave|20875}}
* [http://www.mikesamazingworld.com/features/creator.php?creatorid=6 Jack Kirby] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816011522/http://www.mikesamazingworld.com/features/creator.php?creatorid=6 |date=2017-08-16 }} at Mike's Amazing World of Comics 
* {{cite web |url= http://www.newsfromme.com/writings/the-jack-faq/|title= The Jack F.A.Q.|first= Mark|last= Evanier|publisher= News From ME|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140702025744/http://www.newsfromme.com/writings/the-jack-faq/|archivedate= July 2, 2014|deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/27/arts/design/27KIRB.html|title= Jack Kirby Heroes Thrive in Comic Books and Film|first= Elvis|last= Mitchell|date= August 27, 2003|publisher= ''The New York Times''|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130616170237/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/27/arts/design/27KIRB.html|archivedate= June 16, 2013|deadurl= no}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.marvunapp.com/list/appkirby.htm|title= Creations of Jack Kirby|first= Jeff|last= Christiansen |publisher= Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131111105031/http://www.marvunapp.com/list/appkirby.htm|archivedate= November 11, 2013|deadurl= no}}

{{Jack Kirby}}
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