Louis-Alexandre Berthier: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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* [http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Berthier/RelationMarengo/index.html Alex. Berthier, Relation of the Battle of Marengo] |
* [http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Berthier/RelationMarengo/index.html Alex. Berthier, Relation of the Battle of Marengo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217231848/http://www.simmonsgames.com/research/authors/Berthier/RelationMarengo/index.html |date=2018-02-17 }} |
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* [http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html Spencer Napoleonica Collection] at [[Newberry Library]] |
* [http://www.newberry.org/collections/FindingAids/spencernapoleonica/SpencerNapoleonica.html Spencer Napoleonica Collection] at [[Newberry Library]] |
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* {{Gutenberg author | id=Berthier,+Alexandre | name=Alexandre Berthier}} |
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Berthier,+Alexandre | name=Alexandre Berthier}} |
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Revisi per 12 Mei 2021 05.00
Louis-Alexandre Berthier (20 November 1753 – 1 Juni 1815) Pangeran Wagram ke-1, Pangeran Berdaulat Neuchâtel, adalah seorang Marsekal dan Wakil Konsultan Kekaisaran Prancis, dan Kepala Staf di bawah kepemimpinan Napoleon.
Kehidupan awal
Ia lahir pada 20 November 1753 di Versailles[1] dari pasangan Letnan-Kolonel Jean-Baptiste Berthier (1721 – 1804), seorang perwira dalam Korps Insinyur Topografi, dan istri pertamanya (menikah pada 1746) Marie Françoise L'Huillier de La Serre. Ia adalah anak sulung dari lima bersaudara, dengan tiga saudaranya juga bertugas dalam Angkatan Darat Prancis, dua menjadi jenderal pada Perang Napoleon.[2]
Catatan
- ^ Chisholm 1911, hlm. 812.
- ^ Watson 1957, hlm. 13.
Referensi
- Watson, S.J. (1957), By Command of the Emperor: A Life of Marshal Berthier, London: The Bodley Head
- Atribusi
Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Berthier, Louis Alexandre". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 812.
Bacaan tambahan
- Bukhari, Emir Napoleon's Marshals Osprey Publishing, 1979, ISBN 0-85045-305-4.
- Chandler, David Napoleon's Marshals Macmillan Pub Co, 1987, ISBN 0-02-905930-5.
- Connelly, Owen, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns SR Books, 1999, ISBN 0-8420-2780-7.
- Elting, John R. Swords around a Throne: Napoleon's Grande Armée Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997, ISBN 0-02-909501-8.
- Haythornthwaite, Philip Napoleon's Commanders (2): c.1809-15 Osprey Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-84176-345-4.
- Hittle, James Donald the Military Staff: Its History and Development Military Service Publishing, 1952.
- Macdonell, A. G. Napoleon and His Marshals Prion, 1997, ISBN 1-85375-222-3.
- Pawly, Ronald Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters (1): Organization and Personnel Osprey Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-84176-793-X.
- Pawly, Ronald Napoleon's Imperial Headquarters (2): On campaign Osprey Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-84176-794-8.
- Watson, S.J. By Command of the Emperor: A Life of Marshal Berthier. Ken Trotman Ltd, ISBN 0-946879-46-X.
Pranala luar
- Alex. Berthier, Relation of the Battle of Marengo Diarsipkan 2018-02-17 di Wayback Machine.
- Spencer Napoleonica Collection at Newberry Library
- Karya Alexandre Berthier di Project Gutenberg
- Karya oleh/tentang Louis Alexandre Berthier di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- Louis-Alexandre Berthier Collection Handcolored, topographical, manuscript maps (111 of them), created by Louis-Alexandre Berthier
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