Yahudi Ortodoks: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 13 Maret 2021 04.36

Yahudi Ortodoks adalah cabang dari agama Yudaisme yang sangat radikal. Penganutnya dikenal sangat kaku dalam mentaati seluruh hukum Taurat yang berjumlah 613 mitzvot/peraturan. Misalnya, mereka memilih berjalan kaki menuju Sinagoge, karena tidak boleh ada transaksi uang pada hari Sabat. Demikian pula tidak boleh ada seorang wanita yang boleh jadi Rabini, hanya pria yang boleh dan semua yang disebut Rabi. Mereka bisa dibilang jauh dari kehidupan duniawi. Pendekatan agama Yudaisme mereka menganut penafsiran dan penerapan hukum dan etika Taurat sebagai disahkan dalam teks Talmud oleh Tanaim dan Amoraim dan kemudian dikembangkan dan diterapkan oleh otoritas kemudian dikenal sebagai Gaonim, Rishonim, dan Acharonim. Ortodoks Yahudi umumnya termasuk modern Ortodoks Yudaisme dan Haredi Yudaisme, tetapi bisa termasuk berbagai filosofi. Ortodoks Yudaisme adalah identifikasi sadar diri modern yang, bagi sebagian orang, membedakannya dari pramodern Yudaisme tradisional, meskipun itu ekspresi arus utama Yudaisme sebelum abad ke-19.^[1]

Mayoritas orang Yahudi tewas selama Holocaust adalah dari golongan Ortodoks.^[2] Diperkirakan bahwa sejumlah antara 50-70% dari mereka yang tewas, yaitu 3.000.000-4.200.000 jiwa.^[3]

Pada tahun 2001, dari jumlah semua orang-orang Yahudi Ortodoks dan orang Yahudi yang berafiliasi dengan sinagoge ortodoks, sekitar 50% tergolong Anglo Yahudi (150.000), 25% Yahudi Israel (1.500.000) dan 13% adalah Amerika Yahudi (529.000).^[4] Di antara mereka yang berafiliasi dengan badan rumah ibadat, Yahudi Ortodoks mewakili 70% dari British Yahudi^[5] dan 27% dari Amerika Yahudi.^[4]

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ Susan Auerbach (1994). Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism: Daniel Ken Inouye-Mythology, American Indian. Marshall Cavendish. hlm. 976. ISBN 978-1-85435-674-1. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. Until the French Revolution, all Jews would probably have been regarded as Orthodox, but in modem times Orthodoxy has developed a self-conscious ideology that, for some, distinguishes it from historical or traditional Judaism.
^ Dan Stone (22 February 2013). The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas. Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 18. ISBN 978-1-137-02952-2. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. As Timothy Snyder points out, although Auschwitz is located in Poland, actually very few Polish or Soviet Jews were killed there, and thus the largest victim groups — religiously orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe — are excluded from the most famous symbol of the Holocaust.
^ Alex Grobman (2004). Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee In Post-holocaust Europe. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-0-88125-843-1. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. An entirely accurate estimate of how many Orthodox Jews were killed is impossible, but they were clearly the majority, somewhere between 50-70 percent.
^ ^a ^b American Jewish Religious Denominations Diarsipkan 2012-01-18 di Wayback Machine., United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)
^ "Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-22. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-18.

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[Auerbach1994-1] Susan Auerbach (1994). Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism: Daniel Ken Inouye-Mythology, American Indian. Marshall Cavendish. hlm. 976. ISBN 978-1-85435-674-1. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. Until the French Revolution, all Jews would probably have been regarded as Orthodox, but in modem times Orthodoxy has developed a self-conscious ideology that, for some, distinguishes it from historical or traditional Judaism.

[Stone2013-2] Dan Stone (22 February 2013). The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas. Palgrave Macmillan. hlm. 18. ISBN 978-1-137-02952-2. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. As Timothy Snyder points out, although Auschwitz is located in Poland, actually very few Polish or Soviet Jews were killed there, and thus the largest victim groups — religiously orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe — are excluded from the most famous symbol of the Holocaust.

[Grobman2004-3] Alex Grobman (2004). Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee In Post-holocaust Europe. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-0-88125-843-1. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2013. An entirely accurate estimate of how many Orthodox Jews were killed is impossible, but they were clearly the majority, somewhere between 50-70 percent.

[AJRD-4] American Jewish Religious Denominations Diarsipkan 2012-01-18 di Wayback Machine., United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)

[5] "Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-22. Diakses tanggal 2014-02-18.

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@@ Baris 5: / Baris 5: @@
 Mayoritas orang Yahudi tewas selama Holocaust adalah dari golongan Ortodoks.<ref name="Stone2013">{{cite book|author=Dan Stone|title=The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8R28To3rycC&pg=PA18|accessdate=21 May 2013|date=22 February 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-02952-2|page=18|quote=As Timothy Snyder points out, although Auschwitz is located in Poland, actually very few Polish or Soviet Jews were killed there, and thus the largest victim groups — religiously orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe — are excluded from the most famous symbol of the Holocaust.}}</ref> Diperkirakan bahwa sejumlah antara 50-70% dari mereka yang tewas, yaitu 3.000.000-4.200.000 jiwa.<ref name="Grobman2004">{{cite book|author=Alex Grobman|title=Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee In Post-holocaust Europe|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OL4XSZjhi8kC&pg=PA23|accessdate=21 May 2013|year=2004|publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-0-88125-843-1|page=23|quote=An entirely accurate estimate of how many Orthodox Jews were killed is impossible, but they were clearly the majority, somewhere between 50-70 percent.}}</ref>
-Pada tahun 2001, dari jumlah semua orang-orang Yahudi Ortodoks dan orang Yahudi yang berafiliasi dengan sinagoge ortodoks, sekitar 50% tergolong Anglo Yahudi (150.000), 25% Yahudi Israel (1.500.000) dan 13% adalah Amerika Yahudi (529.000).<ref name=AJRD>[http://www.jewishfederations.org/local_includes/downloads/7579.pdf American Jewish Religious Denominations], United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)</ref> Di antara mereka yang berafiliasi dengan badan rumah ibadat, Yahudi Ortodoks mewakili 70% dari British Yahudi<ref>[http://www.jpr.org.uk/downloads/Synagogue%20membership.pdf Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010]</ref> dan 27% dari Amerika Yahudi.<ref name=AJRD/>
+Pada tahun 2001, dari jumlah semua orang-orang Yahudi Ortodoks dan orang Yahudi yang berafiliasi dengan sinagoge ortodoks, sekitar 50% tergolong Anglo Yahudi (150.000), 25% Yahudi Israel (1.500.000) dan 13% adalah Amerika Yahudi (529.000).<ref name=AJRD>[http://www.jewishfederations.org/local_includes/downloads/7579.pdf American Jewish Religious Denominations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118200821/http://www.jewishfederations.org/local_includes/downloads/7579.pdf |date=2012-01-18 }}, United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)</ref> Di antara mereka yang berafiliasi dengan badan rumah ibadat, Yahudi Ortodoks mewakili 70% dari British Yahudi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jpr.org.uk/downloads/Synagogue%20membership.pdf |title=Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010 |access-date=2014-02-18 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/60Mnkiz1A?url=http://www.jpr.org.uk/downloads/Synagogue%20membership.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan 27% dari Amerika Yahudi.<ref name=AJRD/>
 == Lihat pula ==
@@ Baris 18: / Baris 18: @@
 {{commonscat|Orthodox Judaism}}
 * [http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/363_Transp/08_Orthodoxy.html Origins of Orthodox Judaism]
-* [http://www.shamash.org/lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/02-07.html The different Orthodox Jewish groups]
+* [http://www.shamash.org/lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/02-07.html The different Orthodox Jewish groups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415192442/http://www.shamash.org/lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/02-07.html |date=2012-04-15 }}
 * [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/orthostate.html The State of Orthodox Judaism Today]
 * [http://countrystudies.us/israel/41.htm Orthodox Judaism in Israel]
 * [http://www.FindFrum.com Google-Powered Search Engine indexing Orthodox-Interest Web Sites]
-* [http://news.ufl.edu/2006/11/27/hasidic-jews Orthodox Jewish population growth and political changes]
+* [http://news.ufl.edu/2006/11/27/hasidic-jews Orthodox Jewish population growth and political changes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212113800/http://news.ufl.edu/2006/11/27/hasidic-jews/ |date=2006-12-12 }}
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