Sepur standar: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnyaRevisi selanjutnya →
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
sedikit
HsfBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
1.172.010 suntingan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika
Baris 1: Baris 1:
'''Sepur standar''' (juga '''sepur Stephenson''' yang mengambil nama dari [[George Stephenson]], '''sepur internasional''', atau '''sepur normal''') adalah sebuah [[sepur trek|sepur trek jalur rel]] yang banyak digunakan. Sekitar 55% jalur di dunia adalah sebuah sepur. Seluruh jalur [[rel berkecepatan tinggi]] (kecuali di [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Rusia|Rusia]], [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], India, dan [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Finlandia|Finlandia]]) adalah sepur standar. Jalur tersebut juga disebut '''sepur UIC''' atau '''sepur trek UIC''',<ref>{{cite web |author= Francesco FALCO |url= http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/news__events/newsroom/eu_support_to_help_convert_the_port_of_barcelonas_rail_network_to_uic_gauge.htm |publisher=TEN-T Executive Agency |title= EU support to help convert the Port of Barcelona’s rail network to UIC gauge |date= 23 Januari 2013 |accessdate= 20 Agustus 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uic.org/com/article/spain-opening-of-the-first?page=thickbox_enews |title=Spain: opening of the first standard UIC gauge cross-border corridor between Spain and France |publisher= UIC Communications |date= |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ip.com/patfam/en/43414081 |title=Displaceable rolling bogie for railway vehicles |publisher=IP.com |date= |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref> '''sepur Eropa''' di UE<ref>{{cite web|author=Francesco FALCO |url=http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/ten-t_projects/ten-t_projects_by_country/estonia/2007-ee-27010-s.htm |publisher=TEN-T Executive Agency |title= 2007-EE-27010-S |date=31 Desember 2012 |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref> dan Rusia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speedrail.ru/en/scm_in_the_world/detail13.html |title=Japan |publisher=Speedrail.ru |date=1 Oktober 1964 |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref> atau '''sepur seragam''' di [[Queensland]]. Di Indonesia dewasa ini tidak digunakan sepur standar.
'''Sepur standar''' (juga '''sepur Stephenson''' yang mengambil nama dari [[George Stephenson]], '''sepur internasional''', atau '''sepur normal''') adalah sebuah [[sepur trek|sepur trek jalur rel]] yang banyak digunakan. Sekitar 55% jalur di dunia adalah sebuah sepur. Seluruh jalur [[rel berkecepatan tinggi]] (kecuali di [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Rusia|Rusia]], [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], India, dan [[rel berkecepatan tinggi di Finlandia|Finlandia]]) adalah sepur standar. Jalur tersebut juga disebut '''sepur UIC''' atau '''sepur trek UIC''',<ref>{{cite web |author= Francesco FALCO |url= http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/news__events/newsroom/eu_support_to_help_convert_the_port_of_barcelonas_rail_network_to_uic_gauge.htm |publisher=TEN-T Executive Agency |title= EU support to help convert the Port of Barcelona’s rail network to UIC gauge |date= 23 Januari 2013 |accessdate= 20 Agustus 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uic.org/com/article/spain-opening-of-the-first?page=thickbox_enews |title=Spain: opening of the first standard UIC gauge cross-border corridor between Spain and France |publisher= UIC Communications |date= |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ip.com/patfam/en/43414081 |title=Displaceable rolling bogie for railway vehicles |publisher=IP.com |date= |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref> '''sepur Eropa''' di UE<ref>{{cite web|author=Francesco FALCO |url=http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/ten-t_projects/ten-t_projects_by_country/estonia/2007-ee-27010-s.htm |publisher=TEN-T Executive Agency |title= 2007-EE-27010-S |date=31 Desember 2012 |accessdate=20 Agustus 2013}}</ref> dan Rusia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://speedrail.ru/en/scm_in_the_world/detail13.html |title=Japan |publisher=Speedrail.ru |date=1 Oktober 1964 |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref> atau '''sepur seragam''' di [[Queensland]]. Di Indonesia dewasa ini tidak digunakan sepur standar.


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==
Baris 8: Baris 8:
=== Karya yang dikutip ===
=== Karya yang dikutip ===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Geoffrey Freeman|title=Jane's World Railways, 1987–88|publisher= Jane's Information Group|year= 1987|isbn=9780710608482|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Allen|first=Geoffrey Freeman|title=Jane's World Railways, 1987–88|publisher= Jane's Information Group|year= 1987|isbn=9780710608482|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Bertran|year=1966|title=Stone Blocks and Iron Rails (Tramroads)|series=Industrial Archaeology of the British Isles|location=Newton Abbot|publisher=[[David & Charles]]|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Baxter|first=Bertran|year=1966|title=Stone Blocks and Iron Rails (Tramroads)|series=Industrial Archaeology of the British Isles|location=Newton Abbot|publisher=[[David & Charles]]|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|title=The Rocket Men|first=Robin|last=Jones|year=2013|publisher=Mortons Media Group|isbn= 9781909128279}}
* {{cite book|title=The Rocket Men|first=Robin|last=Jones|year=2013|publisher=Mortons Media Group|isbn= 9781909128279}}
*{{cite book|title=Brunel in South Wales|first=Stephen K.|last=Jones|volume=vol. II: Communications and Coal|year=2009|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud|isbn=9780752449128|ref=harv|pages=64–65}}
* {{cite book|title=Brunel in South Wales|first=Stephen K.|last=Jones|volume=vol. II: Communications and Coal|year=2009|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud|isbn=9780752449128|ref=harv|pages=64–65}}
*{{cite book|first=João Bosco|last=Setti|title=Brazilian Railroads|year=2008|location=Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Memória do Trem|isbn=9788586094095|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=naDdBL0NZSUC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25|via=Google Books|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|first=João Bosco|last=Setti|title=Brazilian Railroads|year=2008|location=Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Memória do Trem|isbn=9788586094095|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=naDdBL0NZSUC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25|via=Google Books|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last= Vaughan|first=A.|year=1997|title=Railwaymen, Politics and Money|location=London|publisher=John Murray|isbn=0-7195-5150-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last= Vaughan|first=A.|year=1997|title=Railwaymen, Politics and Money|location=London|publisher=John Murray|isbn=0-7195-5150-1|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Whishaw|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Whishaw|year=1842|title=The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland: Practically Described and Illustrated|location=London|publisher=John Weale (republished 1969, [[David & Charles]] reprints: Newton Abbot)|isbn=0-7153-4786-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Whishaw|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Whishaw|year=1842|title=The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland: Practically Described and Illustrated|location=London|publisher=John Weale (republished 1969, [[David & Charles]] reprints: Newton Abbot)|isbn=0-7153-4786-1|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== Bacaan tambahan ==
== Bacaan tambahan ==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Pomeranz|first1=Kenneth|first2=Steven|last2=Topik|year=1999|title=The World that Trade Created: Society, Culture, and World Economy, 1400 to the Present|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk, NY|isbn=0-7656-0250-4}}
* {{cite book|last1=Pomeranz|first1=Kenneth|first2=Steven|last2=Topik|year=1999|title=The World that Trade Created: Society, Culture, and World Economy, 1400 to the Present|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk, NY|isbn=0-7656-0250-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Puffert|first=Douglas J.|title=Tracks across Continents, Paths through History: The Economic Dynamics of Standardization in Railway Gauge|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-226-68509-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Puffert|first=Douglas J.|title=Tracks across Continents, Paths through History: The Economic Dynamics of Standardization in Railway Gauge|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-226-68509-0}}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==
*{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13868834|title=The Sydney Morning Herald|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 1892|accessdate=14 August 2011|page=4|via=National Library of Australia}}, a discussion of gauge in Australia circa 1892
* {{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13868834|title=The Sydney Morning Herald|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 1892|accessdate=14 August 2011|page=4|via=National Library of Australia}}, a discussion of gauge in Australia circa 1892
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WFJ-479TY6T-3&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a65f658d584587a41e29c0389b1014d3 A learned text of standardisation of gauge]
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WFJ-479TY6T-3&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a65f658d584587a41e29c0389b1014d3 A learned text of standardisation of gauge]
*{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62159153|title=Standard Railway Gauge|newspaper=[[Townsville Bulletin]]|date=5 October 1937|accessdate=19 March 2014|page=12|via=National Library of Australia}}, a discussion of the Roman gauge origin theory.
* {{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62159153|title=Standard Railway Gauge|newspaper=[[Townsville Bulletin]]|date=5 October 1937|accessdate=19 March 2014|page=12|via=National Library of Australia}}, a discussion of the Roman gauge origin theory.


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sepur Standar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sepur Standar}}

Revisi per 25 Januari 2017 00.30

Sepur standar (juga sepur Stephenson yang mengambil nama dari George Stephenson, sepur internasional, atau sepur normal) adalah sebuah sepur trek jalur rel yang banyak digunakan. Sekitar 55% jalur di dunia adalah sebuah sepur. Seluruh jalur rel berkecepatan tinggi (kecuali di Rusia, Uzbekistan, India, dan Finlandia) adalah sepur standar. Jalur tersebut juga disebut sepur UIC atau sepur trek UIC,[1][2][3] sepur Eropa di UE[4] dan Rusia,[5] atau sepur seragam di Queensland. Di Indonesia dewasa ini tidak digunakan sepur standar.

Referensi

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Francesco FALCO (23 Januari 2013). "EU support to help convert the Port of Barcelona's rail network to UIC gauge". TEN-T Executive Agency. Diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2013. 
  2. ^ "Spain: opening of the first standard UIC gauge cross-border corridor between Spain and France". UIC Communications. Diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2013. 
  3. ^ "Displaceable rolling bogie for railway vehicles". IP.com. Diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2013. 
  4. ^ Francesco FALCO (31 Desember 2012). "2007-EE-27010-S". TEN-T Executive Agency. Diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2013. 
  5. ^ "Japan". Speedrail.ru. 1 Oktober 1964. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2013. 

Karya yang dikutip

  • Allen, Geoffrey Freeman (1987). Jane's World Railways, 1987–88. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 9780710608482. 
  • Baxter, Bertran (1966). Stone Blocks and Iron Rails (Tramroads). Industrial Archaeology of the British Isles. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. 
  • Jones, Robin (2013). The Rocket Men. Mortons Media Group. ISBN 9781909128279. 
  • Jones, Stephen K. (2009). Brunel in South Wales. vol. II: Communications and Coal. Stroud: The History Press. hlm. 64–65. ISBN 9780752449128. 
  • Setti, João Bosco (2008). Brazilian Railroads. Rio de Janeiro: Memória do Trem. ISBN 9788586094095 – via Google Books. 
  • Vaughan, A. (1997). Railwaymen, Politics and Money. London: John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-5150-1. 
  • Whishaw, Francis (1842). The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland: Practically Described and Illustrated. London: John Weale (republished 1969, David & Charles reprints: Newton Abbot). ISBN 0-7153-4786-1. 

Bacaan tambahan

  • Pomeranz, Kenneth; Topik, Steven (1999). The World that Trade Created: Society, Culture, and World Economy, 1400 to the Present. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-0250-4. 
  • Puffert, Douglas J. (2009). Tracks across Continents, Paths through History: The Economic Dynamics of Standardization in Railway Gauge. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-68509-0. 

Pranala luar

Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sepur_standar&oldid=12206980"