Kontralto: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 26 Oktober 2016 16.18

Kontralto adalah tipe suara terendah untuk seorang wanita,^[1] dengan tessitura terendah,^[2] berada di antara tenor dan mezzo-sopran. Biasanya tipe ini berenggang dari F di bawah C tengah (F₃ di scientific pitch notation) sampai G di atas C tengah (G₅), walaupun dalam beberapa suara istimewa bisa dari E di bawah C tengah (E₃) atau B♭ kedua di atas C tengah (B♭₅).^[1]

Kontralto koloratur

Kontralto koloratur memiliki suara yang lincah, cerah dan dapat menahan nada yang cukup tinggi. Jarang penyanyi yang memiliki jenis suara ini.

Kontralto lirik

Kontralto lirik memiliki suara yang lebih ringan dari kontralto dramatik, tapi tidak mampu menjangkau lompatan seperti kontralto koloratur. Jangkauan nada kontralto lirik ada di antara(G₃) sampai (G₅).

Kontralto dramatik

Kontralto dramatik memiliki suara yang lebih dalam, lebih gelap serta lebih berat. Biasanya memiliki nada yang lebih kuat dibanding yang lain. Seperti kontralto koloratur, jarang penyanyi memiliki jenis suara ini. Jangkauan nada kontralto dramatik ada di antara (G₃) sampai (A₄).^[3]

Pemeran kontralto di opera

Angelina^*, La Cenerentola (Rossini)
Art Banker, Facing Goya (Michael Nyman)
Auntie^*, landlady of The Boar, Peter Grimes (Britten)
Azucena^*, Il trovatore (Verdi)
The Baroness, Vanessa (Barber)
Berta, The Barber of Seville (Rossini)
La Cieca, La Gioconda (Ponchielli)
Cornelia Giulio Cesare (Handel)
The Countess^*, The Queen of Spades (Tchaikovsky)
Didone, Egisto (Cavalli)
Erda, Das Rheingold, Siegfried (Wagner)
Madame Flora, The Medium (Gian Carlo Menotti)
Fides, Le prophète (Giacomo Meyerbeer)
Florence, Albert Herring (Britten)
Isabella, L'Italiana in Algeri (Rossini)
Katisha, The Mikado (Gilbert and Sullivan)
Klytemnestra^*, Elektra (Strauss)
Lel, The Snow Maiden (Rimsky-Korsakov)
Little Buttercup, H.M.S. Pinafore (Gilbert and Sullivan)
Lucretia, The Rape of Lucretia (Britten)
Maddalena^*, Rigoletto (Verdi)
Magdelone, Maskarade (Nielsen)
Mama Lucia, Cavalleria rusticana (Mascagni)
Malcolm^*, La donna del lago (Rossini)

Marcellina, The Marriage of Figaro (Mozart)
Margret, Wozzeck (Berg)
Maria (pronounced Mar EYE uh), Porgy and Bess (Gershwin)
The Marquise of Birkenfeld, La fille du régiment (Donizetti)
Marthe, Faust (Gounoud)
Mary, Der fliegende Holländer (Wagner)
Mother, The Consul (Menotti)
Mother Goose, The Rake's Progress (Stravinsky)
Mrs Quickly, Falstaff (Verdi)
Norn (I), Götterdämmerung (Wagner)
Olga^*, Eugene Onegin (Tchaikovsky)
Orfeo, Orfeo ed Euridice (Gluck)
Orsini Lucrezia Borgia (Donizetti)
Pauline, The Queen of Spades (Tchaikovsky)
La Principessa, Suor Angelica (Puccini)
Rosina^*, The Barber of Seville (Rossini)
Rosmira/Eurimene^*, Partenope (Handel)
Ruth The Pirates of Penzance (Gilbert and Sullivan)
Tancredi, Tancredi (Rossini)
Ulrica, Un ballo in maschera (Verdi)
Widow Begbick^*, Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Kurt Weill)
3rd Woodsprite Rusalka (opera) (Dvorak)

^* mengindikasikan peran yang bisa dibawakan juga oleh mezzo-sopran.

Referensi

^ ^a ^b McKinney, James (1994). The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults. Genovex Music Group. ISBN 978-1565939400.
^ Appelman, D. Ralph (1986). The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253203786.
^ The New York Times guide to essential knowledge ^{[kutipan diperlukan]}

[McKinney-1] McKinney, James (1994). The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults. Genovex Music Group. ISBN 978-1565939400.

[Appelman-2] Appelman, D. Ralph (1986). The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253203786.

[3] The New York Times guide to essential knowledge ^{[kutipan diperlukan]}

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Baris 17: / Baris 17: @@
 |isbn=978-0253203786}}</ref> berada di antara [[tenor]] dan [[mezzo-sopran]]. Biasanya tipe ini berenggang dari F di bawah C tengah (F<sub>3</sub> di [[scientific pitch notation]]) sampai G di atas C tengah (G<sub>5</sub>), walaupun dalam beberapa suara istimewa bisa dari E di bawah C tengah (E<sub>3</sub>) atau B{{Music|flat}} kedua di atas C tengah (B{{Music|flat}}<sub>5</sub>).<ref name=McKinney/>
-==Kontralto koloratur==
+== Kontralto koloratur ==
 Kontralto koloratur memiliki suara yang lincah, cerah dan dapat menahan nada yang cukup tinggi. Jarang penyanyi yang memiliki jenis suara ini.
-==Kontralto lirik==
+== Kontralto lirik ==
 Kontralto lirik memiliki suara yang lebih ringan dari kontralto dramatik, tapi tidak mampu menjangkau lompatan seperti kontralto koloratur.
 Jangkauan nada kontralto lirik ada di antara(G<sub>3</sub>) sampai (G<sub>5</sub>).
-==Kontralto dramatik==
+== Kontralto dramatik ==
 Kontralto dramatik memiliki suara yang lebih dalam, lebih gelap serta lebih berat. Biasanya memiliki nada yang lebih kuat dibanding yang lain. Seperti kontralto koloratur, jarang penyanyi memiliki jenis suara ini.
 Jangkauan nada kontralto dramatik ada di antara (G<sub>3</sub>) sampai (A<sub>4</sub>).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=-BIGv9vIoqcC&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=What+is+a+dramatic+contralto&source=bl&ots=_zvJFUExDE&sig=16BdjKsT9ZIgYO4nNhyoY6JG_l0&hl=en&ei=cnBaS76HK8SOlQeatJHuBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CBcQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=What%20is%20a%20dramatic%20contralto&f=false ''The New York Times guide to essential knowledge''] {{Full}}</ref>
-==Pemeran kontralto di opera==
+== Pemeran kontralto di opera ==
 {{col-begin}}
 {{col-2}}
-*Angelina<sup>*</sup>, ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' ([[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]])
+* Angelina<sup>*</sup>, ''[[La Cenerentola]]'' ([[Gioachino Rossini|Rossini]])
-*Art Banker, ''[[Facing Goya]]'' ([[Michael Nyman]])
+* Art Banker, ''[[Facing Goya]]'' ([[Michael Nyman]])
-*Auntie<sup>*</sup>, landlady of The Boar, ''[[Peter Grimes]]'' ([[Benjamin Britten|Britten]])
+* Auntie<sup>*</sup>, landlady of The Boar, ''[[Peter Grimes]]'' ([[Benjamin Britten|Britten]])
-*Azucena<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Il trovatore]]'' ([[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]])
+* Azucena<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Il trovatore]]'' ([[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]])
-*The Baroness, ''[[Vanessa (opera)|Vanessa]]'' ([[Samuel Barber|Barber]])
+* The Baroness, ''[[Vanessa (opera)|Vanessa]]'' ([[Samuel Barber|Barber]])
-*Berta, ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (Rossini)
+* Berta, ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (Rossini)
-*La Cieca, ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' ([[Amilcare Ponchielli|Ponchielli]])
+* La Cieca, ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' ([[Amilcare Ponchielli|Ponchielli]])
-*Cornelia ''[[Giulio Cesare]]'' (Handel)
+* Cornelia ''[[Giulio Cesare]]'' (Handel)
-*The Countess<sup>*</sup>, ''[[The Queen of Spades (story)|The Queen of Spades]]'' (Tchaikovsky)
+* The Countess<sup>*</sup>, ''[[The Queen of Spades (story)|The Queen of Spades]]'' (Tchaikovsky)
-*Didone, ''[[Egisto (opera)|Egisto]]'' ([[Francesco Cavalli|Cavalli]])
+* Didone, ''[[Egisto (opera)|Egisto]]'' ([[Francesco Cavalli|Cavalli]])
-*Erda, ''[[Das Rheingold]], [[Siegfried (opera)|Siegfried]]'' ([[Richard Wagner|Wagner]])
+* Erda, ''[[Das Rheingold]], [[Siegfried (opera)|Siegfried]]'' ([[Richard Wagner|Wagner]])
-*Madame Flora, ''[[The Medium]]'' ([[Gian Carlo Menotti]])
+* Madame Flora, ''[[The Medium]]'' ([[Gian Carlo Menotti]])
-*Fides, [[Le prophète]] ([[Giacomo Meyerbeer]])
+* Fides, [[Le prophète]] ([[Giacomo Meyerbeer]])
-*Florence, [[Albert Herring]] ([[Britten]])
+* Florence, [[Albert Herring]] ([[Britten]])
-*Isabella, [[L'Italiana in Algeri]] ([[Rossini]])
+* Isabella, [[L'Italiana in Algeri]] ([[Rossini]])
-*Katisha, ''[[The Mikado]]'' ([[Gilbert and Sullivan]])
+* Katisha, ''[[The Mikado]]'' ([[Gilbert and Sullivan]])
-*Klytemnestra<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Elektra (opera)|Elektra]]'' ([[Richard Strauss|Strauss]])
+* Klytemnestra<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Elektra (opera)|Elektra]]'' ([[Richard Strauss|Strauss]])
-*Lel, ''[[The Snow Maiden]]'' ([[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]])
+* Lel, ''[[The Snow Maiden]]'' ([[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]])
-*Little Buttercup, ''[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]'' (Gilbert and Sullivan)
+* Little Buttercup, ''[[H.M.S. Pinafore]]'' (Gilbert and Sullivan)
-*Lucretia, ''[[The Rape of Lucretia]]'' (Britten)
+* Lucretia, ''[[The Rape of Lucretia]]'' (Britten)
-*Maddalena<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Rigoletto]]'' (Verdi)
+* Maddalena<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Rigoletto]]'' (Verdi)
-*Magdelone, ''[[Maskarade]] (Nielsen)
+* Magdelone, ''[[Maskarade]] (Nielsen)
-*Mama Lucia, ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' ([[Pietro Mascagni|Mascagni]])
+* Mama Lucia, ''[[Cavalleria rusticana]]'' ([[Pietro Mascagni|Mascagni]])
-*Malcolm<sup>*</sup>, ''[[La donna del lago]]'' (Rossini)
+* Malcolm<sup>*</sup>, ''[[La donna del lago]]'' (Rossini)
 {{col-break}}
-*Marcellina, ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' (Mozart)
+* Marcellina, ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' (Mozart)
-*Margret, ''[[Wozzeck]]'' ([[Alban Berg|Berg]])
+* Margret, ''[[Wozzeck]]'' ([[Alban Berg|Berg]])
-*Maria (pronounced ''Mar EYE uh''), ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' ([[George Gershwin|Gershwin]])
+* Maria (pronounced ''Mar EYE uh''), ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' ([[George Gershwin|Gershwin]])
-*The Marquise of Birkenfeld, ''[[La fille du régiment]] (Donizetti)
+* The Marquise of Birkenfeld, ''[[La fille du régiment]] (Donizetti)
-*Marthe, ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'' (Gounoud)
+* Marthe, ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'' (Gounoud)
-*Mary, ''[[The Flying Dutchman (opera)|Der fliegende Holländer]]'' (Wagner)
+* Mary, ''[[The Flying Dutchman (opera)|Der fliegende Holländer]]'' (Wagner)
-*Mother, ''[[The Consul]]'' (Menotti)
+* Mother, ''[[The Consul]]'' (Menotti)
-*Mother Goose, ''[[The Rake's Progress]]'' ([[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]])
+* Mother Goose, ''[[The Rake's Progress]]'' ([[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]])
-*Mrs Quickly, ''[[Falstaff]]'' (Verdi)
+* Mrs Quickly, ''[[Falstaff]]'' (Verdi)
-*Norn (I), ''[[Götterdämmerung]]'' (Wagner)
+* Norn (I), ''[[Götterdämmerung]]'' (Wagner)
-*Olga<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Eugene Onegin (opera)|Eugene Onegin]]'' ([[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]])
+* Olga<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Eugene Onegin (opera)|Eugene Onegin]]'' ([[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]])
-*Orfeo, ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' ([[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]])
+* Orfeo, ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' ([[Christoph Willibald Gluck|Gluck]])
-*Orsini ''[[Lucrezia Borgia]]'' (Donizetti)
+* Orsini ''[[Lucrezia Borgia]]'' (Donizetti)
-*Pauline, ''[[The Queen of Spades (opera)|The Queen of Spades]]'' (Tchaikovsky)
+* Pauline, ''[[The Queen of Spades (opera)|The Queen of Spades]]'' (Tchaikovsky)
-*La Principessa, ''[[Suor Angelica]]'' ([[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]])
+* La Principessa, ''[[Suor Angelica]]'' ([[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]])
-*Rosina<sup>*</sup>, ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (Rossini)
+* Rosina<sup>*</sup>, ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' (Rossini)
-*Rosmira/Eurimene<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Partenope]]'' ([[George Frideric Handel|Handel]])
+* Rosmira/Eurimene<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Partenope]]'' ([[George Frideric Handel|Handel]])
-*Ruth ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'' (Gilbert and Sullivan)
+* Ruth ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]'' (Gilbert and Sullivan)
-*Tancredi, ''[[Tancredi]]'' (Rossini)
+* Tancredi, ''[[Tancredi]]'' (Rossini)
-*Ulrica, ''[[Un ballo in maschera]]'' (Verdi)
+* Ulrica, ''[[Un ballo in maschera]]'' (Verdi)
-*Widow Begbick<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny]]'' ([[Kurt Weill]])
+* Widow Begbick<sup>*</sup>, ''[[Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny]]'' ([[Kurt Weill]])
-*3rd Woodsprite [[Rusalka (opera)]] ([[Dvorak]])
+* 3rd Woodsprite [[Rusalka (opera)]] ([[Dvorak]])
 {{col-end}}