Gaya pengasuhan
Gaya pengasuhan adalah konstruksi psikologis yang mewakili strategi standar yang digunakan orang tua dalam membesarkan anak mereka. Kualitas pengasuhan bisa lebih penting daripada kuantitas waktu yang dihabiskan bersama anak. Misalnya, orang tua mungkin terlibat dalam aktivitas yang berbeda dan tidak menunjukkan minat yang cukup terhadap anak. Pola asuh adalah representasi dari bagaimana orang tua menanggapi dan membuat tuntutan pada anak-anak mereka. Praktik pengasuhan adalah perilaku spesifik, sedangkan gaya pengasuhan mewakili pola praktik pengasuhan yang lebih luas.[1] Ada berbagai teori dan pendapat tentang cara terbaik untuk mengasuh anak, serta tingkat waktu dan upaya yang berbeda yang bersedia diinvestasikan oleh orang tua.
Kutipan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Spera, Christopher (1 June 2005). "A Review of the Relationship Among Parenting Practices, Parenting Styles, and Adolescent School Achievement". Educational Psychology Review. 17 (2): 125–146. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.237
. doi:10.1007/s10648-005-3950-1.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Sanvictores T, Mendez MD. Types of Parenting Styles and Effects On Children. [Updated 2021 Mar 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568743/dangx111 (5 Nov 2011). "The Four Types of Parenting Styles". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 January 2013. [butuh sumber yang lebih baik]
- Barnhart, C.; Raval, V.; Jansari, A.; Raval, P. (2013). "Perception of Parenting Style Among College Students in India and the United States". Journal of Child Family Stud. 22 (5): 684–693. doi:10.1007/s10826-012-9621-1.
- Bornstein, M.; Putnick, D. (2012). "Cognitive and Socioemotional Caregiving in Developing Countries". Child Development. 83 (1): 46–61. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01673.x. PMC 3270892 . PMID 22277006.
- Pomeranz, E.; Wang, Q. (2009). "The Role of Parental Control in Children's Development in Western and East Asia Countries". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 18 (5): 285–289. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01653.x.
Bacaan lebih lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Bower, Bruce (September 2011). "Humans: Recession alters parenting style: Mothers with gene variant became more aggressive". Science News. 180 (7): 9. doi:10.1002/scin.5591800706. ISSN 0036-8423.
- Robert Feldman, PhD at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Child Development Third Edition
- Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. (2013). Parenting research and themes: What we have learned and where to go next. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris, & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 35–58). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Harris. Judith R.. "The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way They Do Diarsipkan 2016-03-24 di Wayback Machine.," New York Times 1998.
- Warash, Bobbie. "Are Middle Class Parents Authoritative with a Touch of Permissiveness?." Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 74. 22007 28-31.
- Chua, Amy. Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Diarsipkan 2018-06-17 di Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal
- Alizadeh, S.; Abu Talib, M. B.; Abdullah, R.; Mansor, M. (2011). "Relationship between Parenting Style and Children's Behavior Problems". Asian Social Science. 7 (12): 195–200. doi:10.5539/ass.v7n12p195 .
- Estep, H. M.; Olson, J. N. (2011). "Parenting Style, Academic Dishonesty, and Infidelity in College Students". College Student Journal. 45 (4): 830–838.
- Grobman, K.H. (2003). Diana Baumrind's (1966) Prototypical Descriptions of 3 Parenting Styles. Retrieved from http://www.devpsy.org/teaching/parent/baumrind_styles.html Diarsipkan 2018-08-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Kordi, A.; Baharudin, R. (2010). "Parenting Attitude and Style and Its Effect on Children's School Achievements". International Journal of Psychological Studies. 2 (2): 217–222. doi:10.5539/ijps.v2n2p217 .
- Rinaldi, C. M.; Howe, N. (2012). "Mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and associations with toddlers' externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behaviors" (PDF). Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 27 (2): 266–273. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.08.001. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2021-09-19. Diakses tanggal 2022-02-20.
- Rivers, J.; Mullis, A. K.; Fortner, L. A.; Mullis, R. L. (2012). "Relationships Between Parenting Styles and the Academic Performance of Adolescents". Journal of Family Social Work. 15 (3): 202–216. doi:10.1080/10522158.2012.666644.
- Schary, D. P.; Cardinal, B. J.; Loprinzi, P. D. (2012). "Parenting style associated with sedentary behaviour in preschool children". Early Child Development & Care. 182 (8): 1015–1026. doi:10.1080/03004430.2012.678596.
- Williams, K.; Ciarrochi, J.; Heaven, P. (2012). "Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 41 (8): 1053–1066. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9744-0. PMID 22311519.
- Spera, C (2005). "A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement". Educational Psychology Review. 17 (2): 125–146. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.237 . doi:10.1007/s10648-005-3950-1.
- "Attachment Parenting: Q&A with Lysa Parker, co-chairman of Attachment Parenting International." Bundoo.com. Retrieved from http://www.bundoo.com/interviews/attachment-parenting/ Diarsipkan 2019-04-08 di Wayback Machine.